...Health-information technology, such as sophisticated electronic health records, has the potential to improve health care.1-3 Nevertheless, electronic-records systems have been slow to become part of the practices of physicians in the United States.4,5 To date, there have been no definitive national studies that provide reliable estimates of the adoption of electronic health records by U.S. physicians. Recent estimates of such adoption by physicians range from 9 to 29%.4,5 These percentages were derived from studies that either had a small number of respondents or incompletely specified definitions of an electronic health record.5,6 To provide clearer estimates of the adoption of electronic-records systems by U.S. physicians, the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology of the Department of Health and Human Services4 supported our project to develop and test measures of adoption and to deploy those measures in a representative national survey of U.S. physicians. The goal was both to gather accurate information on current levels of adoption and to provide survey items that could be used to generate similar data over time on the diffusion of electronic health records and on physicians' perceptions of the effect of such systems on their practices. This report addresses the following questions: What proportion of physicians report that outpatient electronic health records are available to them in office practice? How satisfied are physicians who use such...
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...technology made the paradigm shift in record keeping of patients from a paper based system of health records to an electronic based system of health records. An electronic health record is a person’s official, digital health record and is shared among multiple health care providers and agencies. Since the commencement of the HITECH ACT in 2009 the implementations of electronic health record system have increased. The HITECH ACT introduced the electronic health record ‘meaningful use’ program and it is overseen by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. Hospitals and physicians who prove their use of government certified electronic health system meets the meaningful use criteria are eligible to receive (). Vendor neutral archives (VNA) and picture archiving and communications systems (PACS) are two major types of health information technology that help health care professionals store and manage patients’ medical images. These two health...
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...what measures are necessary to ensure the development of an effective health information system? Since the early 1980s, the healthcare industry has been discussing the need for electronic health records. And indeed, the past 20 years have seen the industry move toward a completely computerized medical record. A variety of technologies have contributed to this evolutionary process, including point-of-care clinical documentation, clinical data repositories, and automated results. The cumulative effect has resulted in slow but steady progress toward a complete electronic health record for the healthcare industry. Clinical and administrative data needed to assess and improve quality, identify potential cost savings, and make strategic decisions have become important as the pressure on healthcare rises. Current trends in healthcare that will drive information technology priorities in the immediate future include the following • Concern about medical errors and overall quality of care • Continued pressure for cost containment • Consumer empowerment • Growth in the use of evidence-based medicine • Demand for protection of privacy and confidentiality of information Effective health information systems are ones that improve health outcomes and reduce healthcare delivery costs. Since most developers are not clinicians, and most clinicians are not developers, to implement these health information systems successfully we must have some understanding of the healthcare domain...
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...Application of cost-benefits analysis (CBA) in Hospital Setting Introduction “Cost-benefits analysis measures the benefits and costs of projects in money terms: this often requires that we place dollar values on years of life or improvements in health and well-being” (Folland, Goodman, & Stano, 2010 Pp 67). Studies related to the post-acute rehabilitation of the traumatically brain injured (TBI) have centered on quality-of-life issues. There has been little attention paid to cost/benefit relationships. The study showed a statistically important benefit and cost savings, over time, for those patients receiving post-acute rehabilitation. These benefits are in addition to improved quality-of-life benefits. Another cost-benefits analysis in the hospital setting is the implementation of electronic medical record (EHR). Electronic medical record systems improve the quality of patient care and decrease medical errors, but their financial effects have not been as well documented. Electronic medical record systems have the potential to provide substantial benefits to physicians, clinic practices, and health care organizations. These systems can facilitate workflow and improve the quality of patient care and patient safety. Cost and benefit of post-acute rehabilitation in hospital “Post-acute rehabilitation services may be provided to some patients at the same or lesser cost when compared to the cost of the living status category prior to admission” (Ashley & Kirch, 1990). It...
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...Standardization 6 b. Security & Privacy Concerns 7 c. System Infrastructure Issues 8 d. Risk of Liability and Patient Uncertainty 8 III. EHR Technology 9 a. EHR Benefits 10 b. EHR Types 11 c. EHRs Future Evolution 13 d. EHR Technology versus Handheld SMART devices 14 IV. Trends and Consequences 15 a. Aggressive Implementation 16 b. High Costs 16 c. Labor Investment 17 d. Opportunity Cost 17 e. Impact on Researchers, Policymaker and Educators 18 V. Final Opinion 19 VI. Bibliography 22 VII. Appendix I 28 VIII. Appendix II 31 I. Advantages of EHRs In an effort to reign in rising health care costs and increased health care disparity and inequality in the U.S., former president George W. Bush doubled the funding for Health Care Information Technology to 100 million in 2005 (The White House). It was part of a larger plan to utilize latest information technology to standardize patient and health records, which despite spending 1.6 trillion dollars, attributed to 98,000 medically related errors in 2004. The plan was part of his campaign promise and was reiterated in his January 20, 2004 State of the Union address when, President Bush remarked, “by computerizing health records, we can avoid dangerous medical mistakes, reduce costs, and improve care.” Considering that the federal government is “one of the largest buyers of healthcare - in Medicare, Medicaid, the Community Health Centers program, the Federal Health Benefits program, Veterans medical care, and programs...
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...Evolution of Health Care Information Systems Looking back twenty 1990’s and now in 2010 health care has changed extremely. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) did not exist until 1996. HIPAA made it possible for everyone to qualify for health insurance and setting privacy and they established health information standards and regulation. Veterans Health Administration’s (VHA) had a reputation of poor quality of care and the 90’s were the beginning of a major transformation of VHA that was aimed at improving the efficiency and quality of care that was being provided to their patients. Capability to do data analysis in 1990 was impossible most of the data was collected and stored in a room untouched. Advanced in technology made it possible to do research and do data analysis. The advantages in technology are beneficent to health care information in providing electronic medical records, medical billing, telemedicine and teleradiology. Evolution of Health Care Information Systems Compare/contrast of either health care facility or physician’s office operation with the same 20 years prior To look back twenty years ago in the 1990’s and now in 2010 health care has changed tremendously. In the 1990’s Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) did not exist. Prior to HIPAA, which was passed in 1996, there were no regulations or standards for health care delivery in making it more efficient for patients. There...
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...Business Research Report Benefits of an Electronic Health Record Assessment Code: RWT1 Student Name: Student ID: Date: Mentor Name: Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 5 Research Findings 5 Opportunity for Financial Incentives 5 Improved Quality of Patient Care 6 Increased Productivity and Efficiency 7 Recommendations 8 Conclusion 9 References 11 Executive Summary The benefits of successfully implementing an electronic health record are both vital to the future of our business as well as rewarding. The purpose of this report is to clearly demonstrate the need for implementation of an electronic health record and provide explanation of the benefits available to us with successful implementation. . The three main benefits I will be presenting research on are the financial benefits of an electronic health record, the ability to provide better quality patient care and the opportunity to increase productivity and efficiency through implementing an electronic health record. There are significant financial incentives for implementing an electronic health record and meeting Medicare and Medicaid’s requirements for meaningful use. Eligible providers can earn up to $44,000 through the Medicare EHR Incentive Program and up to $63,750 through the Medicaid EHR Incentive Program. There are three stages involved in meeting meaningful use the first stage consists of data capture and sharing, the second involves advanced clinical...
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...Critical Factors in Implementing an IT System in Health Facilities Cynthia Jones Professor Ilisher Ford HSA315 Health Information Systems Strayer University February 3, 2016 CRITICAL FACTORS Critical Factors in Implementing an IT System in Health Facilities Health Care Organizations Reluctant to Implement HER One reason some healthcare organizations have been reluctant to implementing electronic health records is the cost. These systems aren’t cheap ,vendors charge 40,000 to install an electronic record system and 10,000 to 15,000 maintenance annually. It is a hassle and costly to hire staff to enter data and comply with rules and regulations. Another reason some healthcare organizations have been reluctant to implementing electronic health records is privacy. This is a big issue, perhaps the greatest vulnerability of electronic health systems. The system can be hacked into and misused, invading patient’s privacy, revealing sensitive information...
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...Decisions in Health Care In this paper the role of technology in decision making is presented and systems and informatics theories are discussed followed by the DIK Model, and the role of expert system in nursing care and medicine. Furthermore, the use of decision aids and decision support systems are presented in correlation with the uses of technology for patient and client management, and the paper is concluded with an analysis of the effect of technology on health care and health status. Medical technology has major effects on health care decision making at the patient-physician interaction, community-health care institution, and the society-national government levels. Informatics and the development of what are known as tele-health/telemedicine have a variety of innovative uses to facilitate the decisions of health care professionals across the world. Some of these innovative uses are the ability to provide remote consultations among professionals outside of their facility, the ability to diagnosis and assess various disease states, the ability to access patients, and their medical histories, and the ability to prescribe medications and therapies. Many health care organizations are working to implement or upgrade their information systems. Hospitals are hiring information technology specialists to set up Intranets designed for the sharing of information among health care professionals, and is using public networks in the distribution of health-related information...
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...Health care information system terms Medical paper records are a thing of the past, and health care settings are utilizing a computerized health care information system to provide efficient care. The computerized health care information system is computers and electronic applications “which” provides documents of medical care. However, within the healthcare information system there are terms “which “must be identified for the system to be ran successfully. The most common health care information system terms includes several types of healthcare record such as electronic medical records, electronic health record, and computerized physician order entry. This paper will describe health care information system terms and how the system must adhere to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act regulations. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability ACT The Health Insurance portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is a public law enacted by congress in 1996, which consist of two title parts. The first title consists of the act” which” protects workers and their families from losing health coverage when a change or loss of job takes place. The second is the establishment of national standards for electronic health record as well as national identities for health care providers, health insurance plans, and employers. The second part of the HIPAA act also protects the privacy and security of a patient’s health information “which”...
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...Electronic Health Records: Impacts on the U.S Healthcare Industry Blake Redco 28 Feb 2016 Abstract The patient health record, serves “to recall observations, to inform others, to instruct students, to gain knowledge, to monitor performance, and to justify interventions” (IOM, 2014). Beginning in the latter half of the 20th century and continuing through present-day, patient health records have increased in use and function. A significant portion of patient records, treatment history, and medication data are still stored in paper format however, and full transition to digital formats is likely decades away, or may not be achieved for many more years to come. This text will examine the modern electronic health record (EHR), and how it impacts, and is impacted by, the U.S. healthcare industry in political, technical, and economical environments. The focus on how and why the transition process is occurring, and the challenges therein, will be prevalent throughout examination of the three environments. This is a subjective description, although not comprehensive exploration of factors surrounding the HER, and is not to be taken as criticism or advocacy of any component of U.S. health care policy and/or practices. In each of the environments described below, efforts have been made to provide considerable and timely data, as well as references to influential industry literature and legislation. However, due to the dynamic nature of policies and mandates, technologies, and...
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...LITERATURE REVIEW ANALYSIS I. MEDICAL RECORDS THEN AND NOW A. Paper-Based Medical Records VS. Electronic Medical Records B. Benefits, Potential Problems and Cost of the EMR II. HEALTH CARE PRIVACY LAW A. HIPAA 1.What is HIPAA? 2. HIPPA Privacy & Security B. HIPAA and EMR III. CAN ANYTHING BE DONE TO PROTECT PATIENT CONFIDENTIALITY/ PRIVACY? A. Why Should Patient Privacy Be Afforded Privacy Protection Regulation? B. Patient Privacy Within EMR IV. SPANNING THE MILES Intranet & Extranet Software & IM/IT CONCLUSION GLOSSARY REFERENCES Introduction: Healthcare companies all over the world are slowly recognizing the benefits on an EMR. Although EMR’s were implemented over 30 years ago but as of 2006 fewer than 10% of hospitals were utilizing the system. In 2009 the he U.S. Department of Health and Human Services enacted a privacy rule under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in an attempt to protect the privacy of patients medical records. But one question still arises; “Does the EMR actually protect patient privacy and what are the regulatory ramifications in the US on EMR implementation?” In this paper I will address EMR, patient privacy and the regulatory ramifications of EMR implementation. Literature Review The literature shows that there is still a lot of concern with how functional, regulated and private the EMR is. In the article “Determinants of Success of Inpatient Clinical Information Systems: A Literature...
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...Introduction Health IT has improved patients safety, healthcare quality, efficiency and data collection and has helped restrain rising cost. Health information technology encompasses a broad array of technologies involved in managing and sharing patient information electronically than paper. http://www.allhealth.org/publications/health_information_technology/health_information_technology_toolkit.asp states Many in the U.S. have high hopes for health information technology, or health IT. Hospitals hope to reduce medical errors, such as ordering and administering the wrong dose of a medication. Providers hope to access and share patient information more easily, thereby improving care. Governments and businesses hope to save money by improving efficiency. In this paper, I will determine, within the healthcare setting, the main features, capabilities, and operational benefits to a health care organization using the following: patient care applications, management and enterprise systems, e-Health applications, and strategic decision-support application, I will assume the responsibility of a healthcare administrator for the health information systems within my organization and create an argument to be presented to the leaders with the organization that a strategic plan is essential for the IM/IT, assess the importance of a system development life cycle as it pertains to both the development of a custom application, coupled with the selection of proprietary systems, recommend the key...
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...2. Data mining search parameters A data mining algorithm is a set of heuristics and calculations that creates a data mining model from data. To create a model, the algorithm first analyzes the data you provide, looking for specific types of patterns or trends. The algorithm uses the results of this analysis to define the optimal parameters for creating the mining model. These parameters are then applied across the entire data set to extract actionable patterns and detailed statistics. The mining model that an algorithm creates from your data can take various forms, including: * A set of clusters that describe how the cases in a dataset are related. * A decision tree that predicts an outcome, and describes how different criteria affect that outcome. * A mathematical model that forecasts sales. * A set of rules that describe how products are grouped together in a transaction, and the probabilities that products are purchased together. Microsoft SQL Server Analysis Services provides multiple algorithms for use in your data mining solutions. These algorithms are implementations of some of the most popular methodologies used in data mining. All of the Microsoft data mining algorithms can be customized and are fully programmable using the provided APIs, or by using the data mining components in SQL Server Integration Services. You can also use third-party algorithms that comply with the OLE DB for Data Mining specification, or develop custom algorithms that can be...
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...improve the management of patient information is not new. Research into the implementation of health care information systems spans more than thirty years at a cost of millions of dollars (Zheng, McGrath, Hamilton, Tanner, White, Pohl, 2009). In spite of those costly efforts, patient records continue to be primarily paper-based. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) (1991) of the National Academy of Sciences recognized the magnitude of the problems associated with paper medical records systems and called for the adoption of computer-based patient records (CPR) or electronic medical records (EMR) as the standard for all patient records by the year 2001. EMR systems have been shown to have value in patient care; they are not widely used by clinicians in community-based practice. Although there are barriers to the productive use of EMR systems in primary care and there are situations in which such systems have failed, there are early adopters of this technology who have successfully implemented the systems and made them an integral part of their organizations. Gaining better understanding of the usefulness of EMR systems and how they might be broadly utilized and successfully implemented in the community-based practice environment requires further investigation. Identifying, analyzing, and understanding certain organizational factors that contribute to the use and acceptance of EMR among health care providers in ambulatory care, community-based settings will add to a presently insufficient...
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