...|Lesson Synopsis: | This unit develops an understanding of electrostatics by the use of demonstrations, simulations, and modeling. The general theme is that the current model of matter consisting of electrically neutral atoms composed of charged particles is integral to the understanding of electrical forces. The lesson begins with traditional activities of charging objects by friction and comparing electrostatic forces to magnetostatic forces. The traditional experiments are explained in terms of the model of an atom, and the “attract and repel force rules” are explored and expanded. Devices to create, store, and measure charge are utilized in experiments. The formal theory of Coulomb’s law is introduced, and problems are assigned utilizing that theory. Elements of the historical development of electrostatics and planetary model of the atom are researched, and students have an assignment describing contributions of historically important scientists. Additional concepts of electric fields, potential difference, and properties of conductors and insulators are developed through experiment, demonstration, and discussion. TEKS: |P.5 |The student knows the nature of forces in the physical world. The student is expected to: | |P.5A |Research and describe the historical development of...
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...Tuning Surface Charge Property by Floating Gate Field Effect Transistor Song Xue1, Ning Hu2, Shizhi Qian1+ 1Institute of Micro/Nanotechnology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA 2 Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China Abstract Interfacial electrokinetic phenomena, which highly depend on the surface charge property of an object in contact with an aqueous electrolyte solution, have been widely used to manipulate and transport ions, fluids and particles in micro/nanofluidic devices. Field effect transistor (FET) offers flexible and rapid control of the surface charge property, which in turn provides a more sophisticated control of the electrokinetics-based micro/nanofluidics. Tuning the surface charge property by a floating gate field effect transistor (FGFET) rather than the conventional FET is proposed and analyzed for the first time. In contrast to the conventional FET having a control gate fabricated on the outer surface of the dielectric channel wall, the FGFET has an additional floating gate electrode embedded inside the dielectric channel wall. A mathematical model has been developed to analyze the zeta potential of a planar dielectric surface regulated by the conventional FET and the FGFET techniques. Results show that the FGFET is superior to the conventional FET to tune the surface charge property of a dielectric material in contact with an aqueous solution. The FGFET has great potential to control ions, fluids...
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...EMA TUTORIAL 7 SOLUTIONS Micro-Actuators Question 1 Solution a) The electrostatic energy for each pair of capacitor palates is 1 1 A 1 0 tV 2 We CV 2 0 V 2 x 2 2 d 2 d The electrostatic force is given by 1 0 tV 2 Fe 2 d The total driving force acting on gripper for ( n capacitors 2 sides) is F 2n Fe n 0 tV 2 d For numerical values, F n 0tV 2 d 200 8.55 10 12 50 10 6 140 2 0.335 mN 5 10 6 b) From the motion equation, F m x B x Kx x B K F x x m m m By taking state variables x1 x and x2 x , and F as input variable, the state space equations are given by x1 x x2 x2 x B K F x2 x1 m m m The transfer function for the system when B is assumed to be zero: X ( s) 1 1 K /m 2 2 n 2 2 F ( s) ms K K s K / m s n 2 Thus, the resonant frequency can be calculated as follows, n and f n 1 2 K , m K 1 m 2 51 2.48 kHz 2.110 7 Question 2 Solution a) When V 0 kx0 mg , where x0 is the initial stretching distance of the spring. When V 0 , the spring stretches an additional displacement x x0 x due to an additional electric energy storage AV 2 . We have the following force 2x balance equation at equilibrium: k (x x0 ) mg AV 2 2x2 1 V2 A 2 k ( x0 x) 2 x for 0 x x0 2kx2 ( x0...
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...Partners: Joseph Dea Adrian Capinpin Plotting Electric Potential Lab Purpose: To understand and experiment with electric potentials and examine electric fields, from their directions to their strengths and their behavior. Also, to map electric equipotential lines and electric field lines for two-dimensional configurations. Procedure: Starting the first of two parts of our lab (part A), we began by setting up our equipment. We first set up our conducting paper and pushed two aluminum push pins into each of the two conducting metallic holes on the paper. We then followed by connecting the negative terminal of the power supply to the push pin on the left and the positive terminal to the opposite push pin on the right (see figure below). After everything was set up we turned the dial of the voltmeter to 20 Volts (V), and proceeded by pushing the tip of our probe in the middle of the conducting paper and adjusted the DC power supply until the voltmeter read 5.00 V. Once we got an accurate reading, we gently used the probe to find points on the conducting paper that also read 5.00 V, generally about 2 cm above the starting position. We proceeded with this technique until we reached the apex of the y coordinate, which was capped at 20.0 cm. Following completion of the superior part of the x-axis, we took our probe and repeated the same procedure for the inferior portion of the x-axis, which extended down to 0 cm. We continued this process for the y-axis as well...
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...Chapter 17 Electric Potential Units of Chapter 17 • Electric Potential Energy and Potential Difference •Relation between Electric Potential and Electric Field •Equipotential Lines and surfaces •The Electron Volt, a Unit of Energy •Electric Potential Due to Point Charges •Potential Due to Electric Dipole; Dipole Moment •Capacitance, Dielectrics and Storage of Electric Energy Electrostatic Potential Energy and Potential Difference The electrostatic force is conservative – potential energy can be defined as ΔPE= -W Change in electric potential energy is negative of work done by electric force: W =Fd=qEd Electric potential is defined as potential energy per unit charge: Unit of electric potential: the volt (V). 1 V = I J/C. Only changes in potential can be measured, Electrostatic Potential Energy and relation between Electric potential and Electric field Analogy between gravitational and electrical potential energy: Work is charge multiplied by potential: Work is also force multiplied by distance: If the field is not uniform, it can be calculated at multiple points: Solving problems Example 17-2: suppose an electron in a picture tube of television set is acclerated from rest through a potential difference of Vb-Va = Vba = + 50000V. (a) What is the change in electric potential energy of the electron? (b) What is the speed of the electron as a result of this acceleration? Equipotential Lines Electric potential can be represented with diagram...
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...Chapter 2 Coulomb’s Law 2.1 Electric Charge..................................................................................................... 2-3 2.2 Coulomb's Law .................................................................................................... 2-3 Animation 2.1: Van de Graaff Generator ............................................................... 2-4 2.3 Principle of Superposition.................................................................................... 2-5 Example 2.1: Three Charges .................................................................................... 2-5 2.4 Electric Field ........................................................................................................ 2-7 Animation 2.2: Electric Field of Point Charges ..................................................... 2-8 2.5 Electric Field Lines .............................................................................................. 2-9 2.6 Force on a Charged Particle in an Electric Field ............................................... 2-10 2.7 Electric Dipole ................................................................................................... 2-11 2.7.1 The Electric Field of a Dipole...................................................................... 2-12 Animation 2.3: Electric Dipole............................................................................. 2-13 2.8 Dipole in Electric Field .................................
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...Solvation Models There are some methods which are established in order to observe the effect of solvation in a system. These models are distinguised as Polarizable Continuum Model or Implicit model, Explicit model and Hybrid Explicit Model. These three models subdivide and they will be discussed further. While using these models, the one which fits to the system should be chosen carefully since reducing the cost and time is very significant. When the time gets longer, more payment is done and also in a limited time performing a couple of models is much more better than performing just one system. Indeed, the efficiency and accuracy of the system is another aspect which shouldn’t be neglected too. Thus, while choosing the best model for the specified system the parameters which are refferd above should be evaluated in detailed and carefully. Before explaining the models in detail, some of the terms should be known by heart. What is Solvation? To understand the process of solvation, the terms solute and solvent should be known. Solute can be described as a substance which dissolves in a solvent and solvent is the substance which dissolves a solute. When a solute starts to dissolves in a solvent a polarization is observed in the solute in response to the solvent polarization as mentioned in the figure. In addition, a reorientation is observed in the solvent molecule due to the charges in the solute as indicated in the figure. Hence, an interaction happens between the...
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...Browne uses the word electricity in Pseudodoxia Epidemica. 1675: Robert Boyle states that electric attraction and repulsion can act across a vacuum. 1705: Francis Hauksbee improves von Guericke's electrostatic generator by using a glass globe and generates the first sparks by approaching his finger to the rubbed globe. 1745: Ewald Georg von Kleist of independently invents the capacitor: a glass jar coated inside and out with metal. The inner coating was connected to a rod that passed through the lid and ended in a metal sphere. By having this thin layer of glass insulation (a dielectric) between two large, closely spaced plates, von Kleist found the energy density could be increased dramatically compared with the situation with no insulator. Daniel Gralath improved the design and was also the first to combine several jars to form a battery strong enough to kill birds and small animals upon discharge 1767: Joseph Priestley proposes an electrical inverse-square law. 1774: Georges-Louis LeSage builds an electrostatic telegraph system with 26 insulated wires conducting Leyden-jar charges to pith-ball electroscopes, each corresponding to a letter of the alphabet. Its range was only between rooms of his home. 1785: Charles Coulomb introduces the inverse-square law of electrostatics. 1800: William Nicholson and Anthony Carlisle discover electrolysis by passing a voltaic current through water, decomposing it into its elements hydrogen and oxygen. 1802: Gian Domenico Romagnosi...
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...BIO-CLEAR Air Purifier * In 1995 Mr. T. Wan of RW & Company agreed with his foreign suppliers that there would be a market for its BIO-CLEAR air purifier in the Philippines. Since there was then as yet no such comparable commercial product in the local market, the decision was made to bring it to the market as fast as possible. This decision was made to preempt the competition, to be able to define the market by being the first product that was to be locally available, and to build up brand equity. Arrangements were therefore made for the initial shipments of the product’s range of models into the Philippines. A year later, however, Mr. Wan was struggling with unsold inventory consisting mostly of the more sophisticated and computerized higher priced models. Sales in the provincial outlets were consistently poorer than predicted versus those in the urban areas, especially Metro Manila. Metro Manila sales, however, were still marginal as well. Product sales were barely covering costs, and Mr. Wan was wondering whether it would be better to simply discontinue offering the line. He would be talking to the foreign supplier’s representatives in a week and needed a good position in order to be able to strike a negotiation with confidence, especially because this supplier was not only the source of the BIO-CLEAR line of air purifiers but also of other home appliance products that RW & Company was selling. Above all, Mr. Wan had to decide as to whether or not he...
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...provides loop stability. But ceramic caps have a very less ESR and are useful in bypassing high frequency noise but cannot provide the compensation to maintain the loop stability as the dominant zero is at a very high frequency. So LDO’s with ceramic output capacitors have an additional series resistor R comp which performs the functionality of ESR with the C comp to provide the additional zero required for compensation. Load dump occurs when the battery is disconnected when it is being charged by the alternator. A huge voltage spike of 120V is generated and can take up to 400ms to decay. Signal diode arrays can also be used in digital and computer circuits to protect high speed data lines or other input/output parallel ports against electrostatic discharge, (ESD) and voltage transients. By connecting two diodes in series across the supply rails with the data line connected to their junction as shown, any unwanted transients are quickly dissipated. Enum is used to define variables of your own. ------------------------------------------------- enum Security_Levels { black_ops, top_secret, secret, non_secret }; // don't forget the semi-colon ; ------------------------------------------------- int main( int number_of_args, char* arg_list[] ) { Security_Levels my_security_level = top_secret; if ( my_security_level == black_ops ) ...
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...Few memories as a failure on a major project from half a decade ago still vividly remains in memories. As a Research Assistant to Tim, it was my first paid job. Tim, an Engineer, worked in silos and had driver social style to his heart beat. He only communicated the expectations without delving in the details that he had in his mind. Even though the Office space was a closed knit space for 16 students, Tim seldom hung out with people to build personal relationships. He only interacted with others when there was a need. His lack of explanation on why the project was needed had left me wondering regarding purpose and design aspects of the new programming project. I struggled on how to effectively design the project and often sought help from other people, who recommended me that the project needed investment in new programming platform as old platform was incapable of achieving the project objectives. After making almost no progress on the project and wasting time in attempts to make old platform workable, I received a vehement email from Tim, stating that XYZ Inc. was deciding to scale back on funding, as no progress reports were submitted. I was shocked to learn that I was even expected to submit progress reports at the end of quarter on the undertaken project in which I had neither any clue nor communication. As an amiable person, I was too quick to reach an agreement with Tim on project deliverables. I had thought that I would be receiving friendly advice and guidance from...
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...and answer document, uploaded to D2L dropbox. You will have to find an IT professional to interview on your own. Description of this assignment 1. Each student needs to find a candidate for a Post-implementation Review (PIR) report describing an information systems development project. 2. Where can you find an information technology professional to interview? You will have to find an IT professional to interview on your own. 3. If you work for a business or government organization, you should consider interviewing the IT/MIS director for your organization. If you work P/T or F/T in any reasonably sized organization, it is likely that there are some IT workers around (like help desk staff, programmers, analysts, network technicians or even IT managers). It can even be a friend, relative or acquaintance you know who works in such a job. 4. The following is a list of themes that you could address in the interview: Please do not write this paper in question and answer format. Use the questions below to help guide the interview. ▪ What type of job does he/she do? For whom? ▪ What projects is he/she currently working on for the organization? ▪ What projects has he/she recently completed? ▪ What IT applications has the firm recently implemented? ▪ Were the most recently applications developed in-house, were they outsourced development or were they application software packages that were customized and purchased? ...
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...Kempen | C402/C405 | Extend Diploma Mechanical Engineering EDENGM22A/B | Peter Kempen | C402/C405 | | GCSE English | Katherine Davey | G4 | GCSE English | Katherine Davey | G4 | | AS English Literature | Francesca Thomas | A58 | | | | | Archaeology: Unit 1 | Caroline Wilcox | B254 | Archaeology: Unit 2 | Caroline Wilcox | B254 | | Vocational Business assignment completion | Kemi Osoba | A49 | Vocational Business assignment completion | Bekoe Newman | A49 | | Vocational Sport and Travel Tourism assignment completion | Danny Chilvers | A50 | Vocational Sport and Travel Tourism assignment completion | Danny Chilvers | A50 | | AS /A2 GraphicsExtend Diploma Year 2 Final Major Project | Mark Pearson | Art Rooms | AS /A2 GraphicsExtend Diploma Year 2 Final Major Project | Mark Pearson | Art Rooms | Spring Term Revision Schedule 2013-14 Week 1 | Tuesday 8th April | | Morning session 10.00-12.00 | Afternoon Session 1.00-3.00 | | Subject/course | Teacher | Room | Subject/course | Teacher | Room | | A2 Business (China Research Theme) | Nessa | A25 | AS Business | Nessa | A25 | | A2 Economics | Charles | G5 | AS Economics | Charles | | | AS Business | Sarah (11.00-12.30) | A39 | A2 Business (Higher level exam technique) | Sarah | A39 | | AS Law | Amina | A26 | | | | | Vocational Business assignment completion | Kemi Osoba | A49 | Vocational Business assignment completion | Bekoe Newman | A49...
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...For ""Anticipated Project Size"" use your internal metrics as guidance. For example, if you use lines of code, then mentally assign ball park values to Small, Medium and Large as part of determining whether to give this criteria a high or low score. Follow a similar process ""Anticipated Duration"". Since project duration depends on project complexity, mentally categorize earlier projects as short, average or long duration to help put the current project in context. 2. After assigning a score for each criteria, view the Feasibility Study Suitability Indicator to discover the best method to use for determining project viability. 3. Omitted criteria will give an inaccurate result, so ensure all criteria are scored before checking the indicator." Criteria "Score (1=high, 3=low)" Guidelines Business Risk "1 = Significant, high-risk projects 2 = Low-to-modertate risk projects 3 = Small, low risk projects" Technology Risk "1 = Significant, high risk technological risks 2 = Low-to-moderate technological risks 3 = Small, low technological risks" Anticipated Project Size "1 = Large 2 = Medium sized 3 = Small" Anticipated Project Duration "1 = Long 2 = Medium duration 3 = Short" Project Dependencies "1 = Substantial and intricate project dependencies 2 = Minimal or manageable project dependencies 3 = No project dependencies" ...
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...(EPIEC) . From there he gained a lot of working experience and knowledge which made him to success in his business later . Business Motivation and starting One of the motivating factors was his father’s dream of his establishment in the society and another factor was after the independence of Bangladesh Aminul Islam realized that a new country has been born, therefore, a lot of construction will be needed for the development of the country and that is when he came up with the idea of Project Builders Limited. He proposed the idea to three other recent BUET graduates and they agreed to start with this new business. After the death of one of the partner and other two sold their share currently Aminul Islam is the only Managing Director and Chairman of Project Builders Limited. Vision The vision of Project Builders limited is to make quality constructions and make a strong infrastructure development of the country. Mission Construction of important structure and projects and to become the number one construction builder in Bangladesh. Initial Finance The company was initially started with four partners along...
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