...NAME: Richmond Sagoe TOPIC: Eliminating poverty in rural areas in Ghana THESIS STATEMENT: Rural poverty as an economic woe; eliminating poverty through agriculture and natural resource management, women empowerment, rural infrastructure and education. In Ghana, poverty is primarily rural, with the northern regions recording the highest incidence of poverty in the country (GSS, 2007). Low agriculture productivity, undeveloped markets and lack of gainful wage employment opportunities as well as restrictive access of the less endowed to productive resources have been identified as the major causes of poverty. Governmental policies hardly favour rural areas, leading to rural-urban migration. The number of job opportunities in these poor remote areas is limited and therefore, standard of living in rural areas is generally low. Farming activities which is taunted as the backbone of the economy is left to the old-aged to pursue since the youth sees farming as an activity for people who ‘have nothing to do’. Rural poverty as an economic woe; eliminating poverty through agriculture and natural resource management, women empowerment, rural infrastructure and education. According to the FAO (2015), the severity of the natural resource constraints facing the rural poor in Ghana requires that government focus a good number of projects on natural resource management. Many rural areas in Ghana have natural resources that are untapped. The majority of the rural poor are smallholder farmers...
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...quotation by the past Secretary-General of the United Nations: ‘‘The stark reality is that most people in the world still lack access to sustainable financial services, whether it is savings, credit or insurance. The great challenge before us is to address the constraints that exclude people from full participation in the financial sector. Together, we can and must build inclusive financial sectors that help people improve their lives (United Nations, 1997).’’ With almost thirty per cent of the country's population living in poverty, the Government of Ghana clearly faces an enormous challenge to reduce poverty especially in the three northern savannah regions where there is the greatest concentration of poor people. To achieve rapid and sustainable reduction in poverty, it is necessary to have an integrated policy with the various elements of the strategy reinforcing each other. The World Development Report for 1990 (World Bank, 1990) found that poverty can be reduced most effectively by a strategy with two equally important elements. The first element is to promote the productive use of the most abundant asset of the poor, labour. Broad-based economic growth through appropriate macroeconomic and microeconomic policies...
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...Access to Care Despite the insurmountable cardiovascular risk burden, it is important to note that healthcare systems in many parts of Africa are designed to treat acute communicable diseases, rather than preventable NCDs [5] in part due to resources [22]. As a result, equity in terms of access to health care is constrained by the fact that patients with cardiovascular risk burden make significant demands on already scarce health resources. The healthcare system in SSA is often challenged by lack of sufficient resources to provide adequate patient care. Both lack of institutional resources and up-to-date practical information for healthcare providers often jeopardizes patient care [99]. A review by Motala (2002) [100] noted that the increasing diabetes trends in Africa are influenced by inadequate health care infrastructure, inadequate supply of medications, and lack of available healthcare facilities and providers. Issues such as lack of protocols for diabetic complication evaluation and monitoring, little or non-existent referral systems, inadequate health facilities, and absence of multidisciplinary diabetic care teams also make diabetes care difficult [101]. Among diabetes patients in Mozambique and Zambia, patients in need of insulin were faced with the high cost of the medication when available but were also faced with lack of availability of insulin when needed [102]. Similarly, Whiting and colleagues (2003) [101] noted that the contextual, clinical, and health systems...
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...Development Goals (MDGs) as part of the United Nations Millennium Declaration. The MDGs were established to attempt to improve overall well-being for as many people as possible, and targets issues such as poverty, starvation, and disease. This paper will focus on the development goal of achieving universal primary education, specifically focusing on the country of Ethiopia. Achieving universal primary education is important because it acts as a building block towards the development of counties as a whole. Primary education is not only a necessity, but a right to all individuals regardless of gender or class. Over the course of the last decade, Ethiopia has experienced vast improvements in its education system. In 2005, the net enrollment ratio in Ethiopia was 77.5% for grades 1-4 and 37.6% for grades 5-8. Since then, enrollment has increased to 92.2% for grades 1-4 and 48.1% for grades 5-8 (UNDP). With the aid of the United Nations and other groups, Ethiopia has been making progress towards achieving primary education throughout the country; however, there is a necessity for a final push in completing this development goal. One of the largest obstacles that Ethiopia had towards achieving nation-wide primary education was the fact that the schools had fees. With a poverty rate of about 30% (UNDP), this created a problem for a large portion of Ethiopia’s population eligible for schooling, as they simply could not afford to attend. Between 1974 and 1991, Ethiopia was a communist...
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...Economic Commission for Africa The Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Progress and Challenges Economic Commission for Africa The Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Progress and Challenges August 2005 © 2005. Economic Commission for Africa Material from this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted. Acknowledgment is requested, together with a copy of the publication. The views expressed are those of the original authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations. Project coordinator: Adrian Gauci Editorial coordination: Cristina Müller Team: Abebe Shimeles, Workie Mitiku, Vanessa Steinmayer, Reto Thoenen This report was produced with guidance and input from Augustin Fosu, Director of the Economic and Social Policy Division of the ECA. It benefited greatly from the revisions of Bartholomew Armah and Kwabia Boateng. Special thanks to Lorna Davidson for the final editing, to Akwe Amosu for her valuable input, and to Seifu Dagnachew and Teshome Yohannes for creative and efficient lay-out and production. The report was designed by the ECA Communication Team and printed by the Documents Reproduction and Distribution Unit, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Photo credits (left to right): Front cover- R. Zurba/USAID, J. Dunlop/USAID, R. Zurba/USAID, M. Crozet/ILO. Back cover- J. Maillard/ILO, T. Brunette/USAID, I. Getachew/UNICEF. Table of Contents Acronyms .....................................................................
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...[Type the company name] Senior-Economics National Development of Third World Countries [Type the company name] Senior-Economics National Development of Third World Countries In this world, the average person in some countries earns more than $40,000/year. In this same rich world, 28 billion people live on less than $700 a year. As a result, 33 thousand children are dying every day in developing countries. Each minute, more than one woman dies during child birth. Hundred million children, most of them girls, are out of school due to poverty. The term ‘Third world’ is a label that describes the states that are considered to have under-developed standards concerning their economy, standards of living, health, education, globalization, or other factors of improvement. They have major common characteristics that are: their capita incomes are low, this poverty leads to shorter life expectancies, higher rates of infant mortality, lower levels of education, and higher levels of population that are engaged in agriculture. Moreover, their exports are from the primary sector and they have low growth rate of income and low levels of productivity. They also have high levels of population growth rate. In addition to one common political situation; most of the third world countries were colonies of the former powers of Europe and Asia. Most of the newly independent countries aimed for two objectives: Development and Independence. In general, development means the enhancement...
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...REPUBLIC OF GHANA THE BUDGET STATEMENT AND ECONOMIC POLICY of the GOVERNMENT OF GHANA for the 2015 FINANCIAL YEAR presented to PARLIAMENT on WEDNESDAY, 19TH NOVEMBER 2014 by SETH E. TERKPER Minister for Finance on the Authority of HIS EXCELLENCY PRESIDENT JOHN DRAMANI MAHAMA Theme: “Transformational Agenda: Securing the Bright Medium Term Prospects of the Economy ’’ THE 2015 BUDGET STATEMENT AND ECONOMIC POLICY ~ ii ~ Theme: “Transformational Agenda: Securing the Bright Medium Term Prospects of the Economy ’’ For copies of the Statement, please contact the Public Relations Office of the Ministry: Ministry of Finance Public Relations Office New Building, Ground Floor, Room 001/003 P. O. Box MB 40 Accra – Ghana The 2015 Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government of Ghana is also available on the internet at: www.mofep.gov.gh ~ iii ~ Theme: “Transformational Agenda: Securing the Bright Medium Term Prospects of the Economy ’’ ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ABFA ACLP ADR AFCON AfDB AIDS AML AMSECs APR ATMA AVIC BACs BDS BIEPC BoG BOP bopd bps BR BRICS BSPs BVDs Annual Budget Funding Amount Ascertainment and Codification of Customary Law Project Alternative Dispute Resolution African Cup of Nations African Development Bank Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Anti-Money laundering Agricultural Mechanization Services Enterprise Centres Annual Progress Report Accra-Tema Metropolitan Area Accra Visitor Information Centre Business Advisory Centres...
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...to the study Mining is the extraction of minerals and precious metals from the earth. These minerals and metals consist of manganese, tantalum, copper, tin, silver, diamonds and gold. Mining may be considered in two forms: large scale mining and small scale mining. Large scale mining generally employs large number of people and produces huge tonnes of gold. Examples of companies who engage in these are the Anglo-Gold Ashanti of Ghana, Newmont Ghana, Goldfields Ghana and Minas Serra Palade Mines in Brazil which employed about over thousands workers and yielded thousands tonnes of gold (Amankwah and Anim-Sackey, 2003). Small scale mining is a form of mining that is done at small levels and mostly employs relatively a low number of people (Appiah, 1998). It is generally engaged in by local people within the area where these activities occur, and comes along with it the influx of people from other areas. Small Scale Mining companies use a considerable number of the labour force in the country. While there is no accurate SSM employment number for Ghana (Appiah, 1998), it is estimated that some 500,000 people are openly employed in the sector while additional 500,000 may indirectly be benefiting from the doings. About half of those directly engaged in the S.S.M are said to be illegal operators (Amankwah & Anim-Sackey, 2003) commonly known as “galamsey operators”. The actions of small-scale miners also generate economic linkages with other sectors of the economy helping as raw resources...
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...Introduction. Africa is a third world continent meaning that all African countries are not yet fully developed and are still in the development stage. The underdevelopment makes Africa a victim of poor health care. Only a few have access to proper adequate healthcare leaving masses with poor healthcare Health conditions in Africa lag behind all other developed Eastern and Western countries and life expectancy is far less than that of developed countries (Health Poverty Action, 2015). Poverty and health worldwide are inextricably linked (Health Poverty Action, 2005). This assignment will be looking at those factors caused by poverty that lead to poor health. Poor sanitary conditions. Poor sanitary conditions in Africa have led to a lot of health problems leading to poor health conditions across the continent. In 2008, approximately sixty two percent of Africans did not have access to improved sanitation facilities such as proper toilets that separate human waste from human contact (WHO, 2008). In the rural parts of Africa, sanitary problems are particularly common especially in drought times when water is unavailable for domestic uses (Ademuluyi and Odugbesan, 2008: 812). Sanitation conditions worsen if clean water supply is low or unavailable. Many African countries suffer from this lack of clean water to use and waste disposal systems. Food shortages. Then there is food shortage in Africa which has left a lot of communities hungry and hopeless as most of them...
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...Social Development Working Paper No.1 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ISSUES IN SECTOR WIDE APPROACHES Andrew Norton, Bella Bird May 1998 ISSN: 1462-8651 ISBN: 1 86192 042 3 The aim of the Working Paper series is to generate knowledge on social development that is pertinent to DFID’s goal of eliminating world poverty. It is hoped that the series will provoke new thought and discussion on issues of policy and practice rather than simply reflecting established ideas and positions. Social Development Division Department for International Development 94, Victoria Street London SW1E 5JL UK Tel: 44 (0) 171 917 7000 Fax: 44 (0) 171 917 0197 Email: sdd@dfid.gtnet.gov.uk DFID homepage: http://www.dfid.gov.uk Contents Executive Summary 1. 2. 3. Introduction Background - Sector Wide Approaches Issues in Sector Wide Approaches Defining the sector Who owns and who leads? Who is consulted and how? Centralisation vs. Decentralisation Projects vs. Programmes Changes in Development Practice Strengthening the Social Impact of Sector Wide Approaches Entry Points for Social Development Approaches Institutionalising Social Analysis in SWAps Strengthening Processes of Consultation & Participation in SWAps Strengthening Civil Society Capacity To Engage In Sector Policy And Programmes 4. 5. 6. Conclusions References Acknowledgements This paper has benefited greatly from comments on earlier drafts from Phil Evans, Rosalind Eyben, Charlotte Heath, Mick Foster, Peter Balacs, Julia...
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...radically different - he studied Naval Architecture. Later he joined the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants in London. The 1971 Liberation War of Bangladesh had a profound effect on him, then in his thirties, a professional accountant who was holding a senior corporate executive position at Shell Oil. The war dramatically changed the direction of his life; he left his job and moved to London to devote himself to Bangladesh's War of Independence. There, he helped to initiate a campaign called "Help Bangladesh" to organize funds to raise awareness about the war in Bangladesh. Fazle Hasan Abed, the founder and chairperson of the world's largest NGO, he is to be knighted by the Queen of England for his services to alleviating poverty in Bangladesh and abroad. Abed is the first Bangladeshi to receive the honour since 1947, though he is the second person in his family to be knighted. In 1913 his great uncle, Justice Nawab Sir Syed Shamsul Huda also received a knighthood. Sir Fazle has received numerous national and international awards for his...
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...Assessing the Effectiveness of Microfinance Loans from NBC in Reduction of Poverty in Kinondoni District – Dar es Salaam. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. ACB - Akiba Commercial Bank CGAP - Consultative Group to Assist the poor CRDB - Cooperative and Development Bank FFI - Formal Financial Institution FINCA - Foundation for International Community Assiatance GDP - Gross Domestic Product NBC - National Bank of Commerce NGO - Non Governmental Organisation NMB - National Microfinance Bank NMFP - National Microfinance policy PFSs - Private Financial Sectors PRIDE - Promotion of Rural Initiatives and Development Enterprise SACCOS - Saving and Credit Cooperative Society SPSS - Statistical Package for Social Science URT - United Republic of Tanzania ABSTRACT The Ojective of the research was to assess the eeffectiveness/contribution of PFSs in reduction of poverty in Kinondoni District Dar es Salaam Tanzania. The research was conducted at NBC branches. The Branches to which the Reseacrh was conducted were Kinondoni Branch, Ubungo Branch, Mlimani City Branch, UDSM Branch and Tegeta Branche. Data were collected through interview and research questionnaires and were analyzed by using quantitative approach. The research study revealed that Tanzania...
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...http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883035513000049 International Journal of Educational Research Volume 60, 2013, Pages 38–45 Does prohibiting child labor increase secondary school enrolment? Insights from a new global dataset * Jody Heymann * Amy Raub1, , * Adele Cassola2, * UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA, U.S., 90095 * http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2013.01.003, How to Cite or Link Using DOI * Permissions & Reprints Abstract Objective This article examines the association between minimum age of employment and secondary school enrolment. Methods We reviewed child labor laws for 185 states in 2008 and 2012. We assessed how many countries had a minimum age of employment of 15 or over and tested the association between these laws and secondary enrolment rates, after controlling for per-capita GDP, level of urbanization, and compulsory lower secondary education. Results A minimum age of employment of 15 or higher was significantly associated with increased secondary enrolment for girls, boys, and overall. Conclusions Combining a legislated minimum age of employment of 15 or higher with compulsory education may strengthen children's opportunity to achieve a secondary education. Highlights ► We reviewed child labor laws for 185 countries in 2008 and 2012. ► 45 countries allow children to work before the ILO-recommended age of 15. ► Countries banning work until 15...
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...FACTORS AFFECTING SMALLHOLDER COFFEE PRODUCTION IN KARAGWE DISTRICT, TANZANIA FACTORS AFFECTING SMALLHOLDER COFFEE PRODUCTION IN KARAGWE DISTRICT, TANZANIA By Rodrick Wilbroad Mugishagwe A Dissertation Submitted in Partial/Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Science in Economics (Project Planning and Management) of Mzumbe University 2015 CERTIFICATION We, the undersigned, certify that we have read and hereby recommend for acceptance by the Mzumbe University, A dissertation entitled Factors Affecting Smallholder Coffee Production in Karagwe District, Tanzania, in partial/fulfilment of the requirements for award of the degree of Master of Science in Economics (Project Planning and Management) of Mzumbe University. ___________________________ Major Supervisor ___________________________ Internal Examiner External Examiner Accepted for the Board of ………………………………… _________________ DEAN/DIRECTOR, FACULTY/DIRECTORATE/SCHOOL/BOARD DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT I, Rodrick Wilbroad Mugishagwe, declare that this dissertation is my own original work and that it has not been presented and will not be presented at any other University for a similar or any other degree award. Signature ____________________________ Date ________________________________ © This dissertation is a copyright material protected under the Berne Convention, the...
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...GOVERNMENT OF GHANA EDUCATION STRATEGIC PLAN 2003 to 2015 VOLUME 1 POLICIES, TARGETS AND STRATEGIES Ministry of Education May 2003 Education Strategic Plan, Volume 1 EDUCATION STRATEGIC PLAN 2003 - 2015 Volume 1: Policy, Targets and Strategies Contents page List of Abbreviations used in ESP Foreword by Honourable Minister of Education Chapter 1 4 2 The Education Strategic Plan- Background and Policy Basis 5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 The Education Sector - an Overview Documents that have informed the ESP Philosophical and Policy basis of the ESP Outline Situation Analysis Other influences on the ESP Challenges facing the Education Sector (as at 2002) 5 6 7 8 11 12 Chapter 2 The Strategic Framework 2.1 Areas of Focus and Policy Goals 2.2 Areas of Focus 2.3 The Strategic Framework Chapter 3 13 13 16 19 Managing and Implementing the ESP 3.1 Sector Wide Approach 3.2 Co-ordination of Stakeholder Inputs 3.3 Implementation of ESP through Work Programming and Operational Planning Chapter 4 34 34 36 37 Monitoring Education Sector Performance 4.1 Indicators 4.2 ESP Review Chapter 5 40 40 41 Financial Framework for the ESP 5.1 Cost projections 5.2 Funding the ESP 42 42 43 Annexes 46 1 Education Strategic Plan, Volume 1 Abbreviations BECE BOG CBO CPM CRT DP EA EFA EM EMIS ERRC ESP ESPRR ESR ESTAC FBO FCUBE FPMU GER GES GETFund GoG GPRS HIV/AIDS HQ HT ICT IEC IGO INSET JSS KG M&E MNS MoE MoMDE...
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