...Teenage Pregnancy Unit Teenage pregnancy: an overview of the research evidence Introduction In 1999 the government’s ten-year national Teenage Pregnancy Strategy was launched. The main aims of the strategy are to: • Reduce the rate of teenage conceptions with the specific aim of halving the rate of conceptions among under-18s, and to set a firmly established downward trend in the rate of conceptions among under-16s, by 2010 • Increase the participation of teenage parents in education, training and employment to 60% by 2010, to reduce their risk of long-term social exclusion. This briefing presents headline findings from key research relating to teenage pregnancy and parenthood which has emerged (mainly) since the launch of the strategy. The topics covered include research on young people’s sexual behaviour; sources of sex and relationships information; what works in preventing teenage pregnancy; who is at risk of becoming a teenage parent; how to support teenage parents, and many more. It draws on a range of sources including systematic reviews of the effectiveness of prevention and support interventions, national surveys and primary research studies. The emphasis is on the UK and specifically English research. It was compiled by Catherine Dennison, Research Manager supporting the Teenage Pregnancy Unit. Although not representing a systematic or exhaustive search of the published literature, the briefing is intended to be of use to those engaged in implementing the Teenage...
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...Teenage Pregnancy Unit Teenage pregnancy: an overview of the research evidence Introduction In 1999 the government’s ten-year national Teenage Pregnancy Strategy was launched. The main aims of the strategy are to: • Reduce the rate of teenage conceptions with the specific aim of halving the rate of conceptions among under-18s, and to set a firmly established downward trend in the rate of conceptions among under-16s, by 2010 • Increase the participation of teenage parents in education, training and employment to 60% by 2010, to reduce their risk of long-term social exclusion. This briefing presents headline findings from key research relating to teenage pregnancy and parenthood which has emerged (mainly) since the launch of the strategy. The topics covered include research on young people’s sexual behaviour; sources of sex and relationships information; what works in preventing teenage pregnancy; who is at risk of becoming a teenage parent; how to support teenage parents, and many more. It draws on a range of sources including systematic reviews of the effectiveness of prevention and support interventions, national surveys and primary research studies. The emphasis is on the UK and specifically English research. It was compiled by Catherine Dennison, Research Manager supporting the Teenage Pregnancy Unit. Although not representing a systematic or exhaustive search of the published literature, the briefing is intended to be of use to those engaged in implementing the Teenage...
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...Rebuttal Paper Dayna Kielau BCOM/275 January 16, 2012 Plan B One Step is an emergency contraceptive pill that prevents the fertilization of an egg after unprotected sex. The FDA wanted Plan B One Step to be made available without a prescription to all ages. The Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius overruled this. “The result of Sebelius' action is that Plan B will remain available to women ages 17 and older without a prescription, but those 16 and younger will still need to see a doctor first in order to get the product.” (www.npr.org) The decision was also backed up by President Obama. In a news conference Obama stated “I will say this, as the father of two daughters. I think it is important for us to make sure that we apply some common sense to various rules when it comes to over-the-counter medicine. And as I understand it, the reason Kathleen made this decision was she could not be confident that a 10-year old or an 11-year old goes into a drugstore, should be able – alongside bubble gum or batteries – be able to buy a medication that potentially, if not used properly, could end up having an adverse effect. And I think most parents would probably feel the same way.” (www.npr.org) “As doctors and researchers have repeatedly stated, ample research shows Plan B to be safe for women of all ages and appropriate for over-the-counter access. It is deeply disappointing that this administration would repeat the mistakes of the previous one,”...
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...on. Remembering the importance of ethics in her orientation, she felt that she had to let proper authorities know about what she had seen. She used the open door policy that Wal-Mart has to report the wrongdoings. Ms. Lowry ended up filing a complaint against Williams with The Ethics Office. The office investigated the issue and concluded that it was all a misunderstanding. The Ethics Office concluded that the papers that Lowry copied had nothing to do with insider trading and it was no violation of the ethics policy. Even though no charges were brought up against Williams, the so called Open Door policy/ Anonymity was breached. Lowry was identified to Williams that she was the one that filed a complaint which led Lowry to looking for a new position within Wal-Mart. She felt uncomfortable working for Williams under the new circumstances and asked to be transferred The Code of Ethics is very important to an organization. It defines the whole ethical standpoint of the company. In this paper I will expand on the code of conduct of my former company Wal-Mart. I will research how to make a successful and honorable code of ethics. I believe in order for a company to be successful, it needs to start with a solid foundation. As a former employee of Wal-Mart, a worldwide company in the retail industry I have begun to see many changes. However, their ethical standards remain stable but questionable. I will use some of their ideas to form a standard code of ethics. Wal-Mart, the world’s...
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...Participants Participants for this study consisted of a cohort of current Cal State LA students. This cross-sectional research study was based on a convenience sample of thirty-five male and female college students. Participants were recruited on campus and were given a paper form of the link to the survey. All participants in this study were volunteers. The online survey was created using google forms; it was completely anonymous and confidential. The survey consisted of 22 short questions. A copy of the survey can be found in Appendix A, page 15. Respondents were only asked questions that were applicable to their demographics, sexual history, education, and experiences (as outlined below). Measures Respondent characteristics. Respondents were asked to report their age, gender, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation. Participants were also asked for their zip code and to report on how many years they have been attending Cal State LA. Sex Education. Participants...
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...their place as management and are aware of their responsibilities and the other employees responsibilities as well. With the appropriate goals set Wal-Mart is going to make it a long way in this economy. Wal-Mart’s management has the authority to assign duties and responsibilities to other employee’s. The other employee’s that are being assigned responsibilities are usually subordinates within the managements group. While the other employees are responsible for completing the duties it is still managements responsibility to make sure the duties were completed and completed correctly. Delegation occurs within Wal-Mart from the regional management to store manager to assistant manager all the way down to the staff members (free online research papers, n.d.). The Walton family controls 40% of Wal-Mart and they delegate assignment of authority and responsibility to their lower level management to oversee the employees to carry out their specific duties. Wal-Mart’s management is required to plan where the company is currently at and where it would like to be in the future. Many organizations’ today are following the rules by the book. There have been many issues with legal problems in many different organizations. The only way to afford legal issues is to make sure all rules and regulations are being followed...
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...Introduction Reproductive life planning includes all the decision an individual or couple make about having children (2007, Pillitteri). It is important for the health of children that as many pregnancies as possible be intended, because when a pregnancy is unintended, the mother is less likely to seek prenatal check, less likely to breast feed and less careful to protect the fetus from harmful substances. An individual’s or a couple’s choice of contraceptive method should be made carefully, with complete knowledge about advantages, disadvantages, and side effects of the various options. Important things to consider include the following: * Personal values * Ability to use a method correctly * How the method will affect sexual enjoyment * Financial factors * Status of a couple’s relationship * Prior experiences * Future plans The widespread use of contraceptives points to both an increased awareness of responsibility for contraception and options available. Understanding this concept, its work and how they compare in terms of benefits and disadvantages is necessary for successful counseling. Legal and ethical issues must also be considered when counseling clients. The arguments about contraception fall into several groups: * philosophical arguments such as the "natural law" argument * arguments based on different ideas of marriage, sex and the family * human rights arguments such as * 'procreative liberty' * a woman's right to...
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...A MINI-RESEARCH PROJECT ON THE KNOWLEDGE AND USE OF CONTRACEPTIVES AMONG NIGERIAN UNDERGRADUATES: A CASE STUDY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALABAR WRITTEN BY BASSEY, RACHEAL EFFIONG MATRIC NO.: 10/55011 DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF CALABAR CALABAR SUBMITTED TO PROF. (MRS.) E. N. NWAGBARA (COURSE LECTURER) DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF CALABAR CALABAR IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE COURSE REQUIREMENT: (SOC 3102) METHODS OF SOCIAL RESEARCH II APRIL, 2014 CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this mini-research project was carried out by Bassey, Racheal Effiong with Matric No.: 10/55011 of the Department Of Sociology, University of Calabar, Calabar. Under the supervision of Prof. Nwagbara E. N. DEDICATION This project is dedicated to the Almighty God who has been my strength and guide throughout this research study. DECLARATION I, Bassey, Racheal Effiong with Matric Number: 10/55011 hereby declare that this research on “The knowledge and use of contraceptives among Nigeria undergraduate” is an original work written by me under the supervision of Prof. (Mrs.) Nwagbara, E. N. in the Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to tender my unreserved appreciation to my heavenly father who has kept me and helped me through this endeavours. My sincere appreciation to my wonderful Lecturer Dr. (Mrs.) Nwagbara who has made it possible for this research...
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...Graduate School of Business Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila A Study on the Attitudes of the Female Residents of Pureza, Manila towards the Reproductive Health Law In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Research Methods and Case Writing Submitted to Dr. Dolores Garcia Submitted by Arien Marie A. Guda I. Introduction Population control or population management has been one of the rallying cries of Filipino economists since Pres. Ferdinand Marcos signed the United Nations Declaration on Population in 1967. With an estimated population of 92,337,852 in 2010 according to the National Statistics Office (National Statistics Office [Philippines]), and a land area of 300,000 sq. m., lawmakers and civic groups have been clamoring for a solution to address the constant growth rate vis a vis the dwindling natural resources in the country. While the population growth rate continues to hold steady(estimated to be at 2.36% per annum in 2008) (National Statistics Office [Philippines] and ICF Macro), the country’s resources, has suffered the same fate as that of the rest of the Asia Pacific region, which, the Asian Development Bank, in collaboration with the WWF, says is, “consuming more resources than its ecosystems can sustain, threatening the future of the region’s beleaguered forests, rivers, and oceans as well as the livelihoods of those who depend on them.” In an effort to help address this issue, stakeholders have sought to offer various methods...
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...OB/Peds March 11, 2014 Community Resources Paper The Risks and Education of Teenage Pregnancy The at-risk group that I chose to research is teenage pregnancy, and the education and risks associated with it. I selected this topic because I feel like it is essential to teach our children all the risk and responsibilities that come with the decision to become sexually active, before they become sexually active. If teens are taught the essentials about pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, and are educated on the resources available, they will be able to make an informed decision before making a crucial decision. I feel that when abstinence is all that is taught by parents, our children are too scared to ask about sexually transmitted infections and pregnancy, and don’t know about the resources available to them to prevent both. Teenagers who are sexually active have no idea all of the different resources available to help them to prevent pregnancy and spreading sexually transmitted infections. When they become sexually active they are afraid that they are going to get in trouble for not being abstinent which further increases their chance of getting pregnant or spreading infections because they are too scared to ask about it before they put themselves in the situation. Among the most conservative states I found the following. “Mississippi continues to have the highest teeth birth rate, with 55 births per 1,000 girls. New Hampshire...
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...Phil 140 Research Paper 18 December 2011 Population Control On October 31, 2011, the world acknowledged its 7th billion inhabitant. This number has doubled in just forty years (Worldometer). Some think it is clear that overpopulation is a major problem for today’s society. There are countries that enforce public population control and others yet who still have no official action plan to counteract the issue. Perhaps this is because not everyone sees overpopulation as a large issue. Is it the duty of the state to determine a woman’s right to bear children, or to force unwanted contraceptives in an effort to control population levels? For some, this is how their government rules. The imbalance of births over deaths around the world may show a potential problem with overpopulation; however population control is not moral. The world has a natural cycle; birth, life, then finally death. This process is repeated over and over again every minute of the day. When the number of births exceeds that of deaths, the circumstance is referred to as overpopulation. There are approximately 190 countries in the world, and according to the Overpopulation Index published in 2010, only 77 of those are considered overpopulated, many only by a fraction (World Atlas). Singapore is ranked number one, China is ranked number twenty nine, followed by the United States ranked as number thirty five. In the United States, the Constitution and Bill of Rights grants citizens many privileges such as...
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...RESEARCH PAPER ON DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH IN BANGLADESH Introduction: Bangladesh is a developing country with a population of 152,518,015 (approx.) Since our war of independence we have face numerous amount of health and nutrition issues in our country. Although Bangladesh has seen impressive progress in health and nutrition in the last few decades. Despite still low social indicators and continuing prevalence of poverty (40% of the population lives below the poverty line), the health sector in Bangladesh has shown impressive progress. We improved in sectors such as pharmaceuticals, increasing number of doctors, increasing number of hospitals and medical colleges. ICDDR’B etc. The government of Bangladesh has shown policy continuity and commitment to improving health conditions, placing particular emphasis on improving the health conditions of its citizens and targeting the poor, women and children. Where as many of the problems still remains unsolved. The ministry of health and family planning is responsible for the health service of the country should take necessary steps to solve those problems. Objective: The main objective of this whole research is to evaluate the health condition of Bangladesh. From 1971 to 2013 health condition of Bangladesh has radically changed. We are here to present that the number of health centers, hospitals, medicals colleges and other institutions related to health development of our country. We have also seen numerous amount of development...
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...CATHOLICS CAN SUPPORT THE RH BILL IN GOOD CONSCIENCE (Position paper on the Reproductive Health Bill by individual faculty* of the Ateneo de Manila University) (Note: The opinions expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of other faculty. Neither do they represent the official position of the Ateneo de Manila University nor the Society of Jesus.) We, individual faculty of the Ateneo de Manila University, call for the immediate passage of House Bill 5043 on “Reproductive Health and Population Development” (hereafter RH Bill) in Congress. After examining it in the light of Philippine social realities, and informed by our Christian faith, we have reached the conclusion that our country urgently needs a comprehensive and integrated policy on reproductive health and population development, as provided by the RH Bill. We also believe that the provisions of the bill adhere to core principles of Catholic social teaching: the sanctity of human life, the dignity of the human person, the preferential option for the poor and vulnerable, integral human development, human rights, and the primacy of conscience. Catholic social theology since Vatican II has evolved, on the one hand, from the emphasis on order, social cohesiveness, the acceptance of some inequality, and obedience to authorityto the recognition, on the other, of the centrality of the human person, and the concomitant need for human freedom, equality, and participation (Pacem...
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...Unintended Pregnancy And Induced Abortion in Colombia CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES Elena Prada Susheela Singh Lisa Remez Cristina Villarreal Acknowledgments This report was written by Elena Prada and Lisa Remez, both independent consultants; Susheela Singh, Guttmacher Institute; and Cristina Villarreal, Fundación Oriéntame. Haley Ball edited the report, and Kathleen Randall supervised layout and production; both are at the Guttmacher Institute. The authors thank the following current and former Guttmacher Institute staff members for providing assistance at various stages of the report’s preparation: Fernanda Abella, Suzette Audam, Akinrinola Bankole, Ann E. Biddlecom, Patricia Donovan, Gustavo Suarez and Jonathan Wittenberg. They also appreciate the valuable input of the following external reviewers: Deborah Billings, University of South Carolina; Teresa DePiñeres, University of California, San Francisco; Sandra García, Katherine S. Wilson and Rebekah Horowitz, all of the Population Council, Mexico; Pío Iván Gómez, Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Ana Cristina González, independent consultant, Colombia; Guillermo López-Escobar, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Colombia; Axel Mundigo, Senior Fellow, Guttmacher Institute; Melanie Peña, Gynuity; María Isabel Plata, Profamilia, Colombia; Mónica Roa, Women’s Link Worldwide, Colombia; and Luis Távara, Federación Latinoamericana de Sociedades de Obstetricia y Ginecología. In addition, the project benefited from invaluable advice and...
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...U.N. Commission on Life Saving Commodities for Women and Children: Country Case Studies May 2012 This is a working document. It has been prepared to facilitate the exchange of knowledge and to stimulate discussion. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the policies or views of the United Nations Commission on Life-Saving Commodities for Women and Children or the United Nations. The text has not been edited to official publication standards, and the Commission accepts no responsibility for errors. The designations in this publication do not imply an opinion on legal status of any country or territory, or of its authorities, or the delimitation of frontiers. Contributors and Acknowledgements Sarah Blake,1 Aubrey Cody,1 Anjali Kaur,1 Nejla Liias, 1 Christopher Lindahl,2 Emily Bell,1 Julie Kragh,1 Jessica Mack,1 and Kristin Cox Mehling1 served as researchers and authors of this working paper. The authors would like to thank the following individuals for their contributions to the development and conceptualization of these case studies: Oliver Sabot Hans Hogerzeil Patricia Mechael Catherine Taylor Kanika Bahl Julia White Kabir Ahmed Mark Young Renee van de Weerdt Deborah Armbruster Jennifer Lockwood-Bergeson Michael Mbizvo Clinton Health Access Initiative Groningen University mHealth Alliance PATH Results for Development Institute UN Secretariat UNFPA UNICEF UNICEF USAID USAID WHO ...
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