...Financing Firms in India Franklin Allen Finance Department The Wharton School University of Pennsylvania allenf@wharton.upenn.edu Rajesh Chakrabarti Finance Area Indian School of Business Hyderabad 500 032, India rajesh_chakrabarti@isb.edu Jun “QJ” Qian Finance Department Carroll School of Management Boston College qianju@bc.edu Sankar De Centre for Analytical Finance Indian School of Business Hyderabad 500 032, India Sankar_De@isb.edu Meijun Qian Finance Department NUS Business School National University of Singapore bizqmj@nus.edu.sg Last Revised: December 2011 Forthcoming, Journal of Financial Intermediation Abstract With extensive cross-country datasets and India firm samples, as well as our own surveys of small and medium firms, we examine the legal and business environments, financing channels, and growth patterns of different types of firms in India. Despite the English common-law origin and a British-style judicial system, Indian firms face weak investor protection in practice and poor institutions characterized by corruption and inefficiency. Alternative finance, including financing from all non-bank, non-market sources, and generally backed by non-legal mechanisms, constitutes the most important form of external finance. Bank loans provide the second most important external financing source. Firms with access to bank or market finance are not associated with higher growth rates. Our results indicate that bank and market...
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...Individual assignment 1. Through illustrative cases, examine the drivers of divestment from emerging markets. 2. Advise an established multinational or small-medium enterprise on an appropriate foreign market entry strategy Candidate Number : Word Count Examiner Place Degree Course Date : : : : : : 59552 2746 Professor Dr Joseph Amankwah-Amoah University of Bristol MSc Management International Business March, 2013 Table of Content I Table of Content I. List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................. II II. List of Tables ....................................................................................................... III 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 2. Structure of the Thesis ......................................................................................... 1 3. Divestment ........................................................................................................... 1 4. Divestment in India ............................................................................................... 3 4.1 Coca-Cola ...................................................................................................... 3 4.2 Recent Divestment Cases .............................................................................. 4 4.3 Lessons Learned ........................................
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...Emerging Trends in Modern Retail Formats & Customer Shopping Behavior in Indian Scenario: A Meta Analysis & Review “If at first the Idea is not absurd, then there is no hope for it.” -Albert Einstein Aditya P. Tripathi* Abstract The Indian retail sector is going through a transformation and this emerging market is witnessing a significant change in its growth and investment pattern. Both existing and new players are experimenting with new retail formats. Currently two popular formats hypermarkets and supermarkets are growing at a rapid pace. Apart from the brick –mortar formats, brick -click and click-click formats are also increasingly functional on the Indian retail landscape. Consumer dynamics in India is also changing and the retailers need to take note of this and formulate their strategies and tactics to deliver the exact expected value to the customer. In the backdrop of all these developments the present paper makes an attempt to: Explain the emerging trends in the development of Modern Retail formats in Indian Context and Highlights the emerging Rural Retail Landscape and also, Reveals the Consumer Shopping Behavior (Across the Country) among the Modern Retail Formats with special reference to Delhi & NCR. The empirical data has been collected with the help of Primary as well as secondary resources. Key Words: Hypermarket, Convenience Store, Retailing, Malls, Shoppers Introduction India has witnessed a frenetic pace of retail development over the past...
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...Marketing Research Project Modern retails in India - Trends, issues and future GROUP - 4 Divya Katoch Gaurav Bhola Hanuman Sharan Hemant Meena HimaSindhu Karthik Junnuri F - 099 F 101 F 102 F 103 F 105 F 108 Page 1 Marketing Research Project ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We sincerely express our gratitude to Mr. Hemang Dangi for his constant guidance throughout the project. We also want to thank all the respondents of our survey for spending their valuable time in filling out the survey. Yours sincerely, Group 4 MBA- 1st Year Section B Page 2 Marketing Research Project Table of Contents 1.Title page ................................................................................................................................1 2.Acknowledgement ..................................................................................................................2 3.Index/ Table of content ..........................................................................................................3 4.Abstract ..................................................................................................................................4 5.Introduction ............................................................................................................................5 6.Review of literature .............................................................................................................. 10 7. Research methodology ...................................
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...Disruptive Innovation in Emerging Markets: Strategies Used in India and China Ruan Y., Hang C.C., Subramanian A.M. No. 01/12 Division of Engineering & Technology Management (D-ETM) Institute of Engineering Leadership (IEL) Faculty of Engineering 1 Disruptive Innovation in Emerging Markets: Strategies Used in India and China Ruan Y., Hang C.C., Annapoornima M.S. Abstract The appropriate type of innovation which can meet the needs of the mass population in the bottom of pyramid (BOP) has not been studied much in the literature. Based on the theory of disruptive innovation, we offer 11 cases from India and China – the two biggest emerging markets to show that disruptive innovation could be an appropriate, feasible, and powerful innovation force to the companies and the economies involved. We also examined the R&D strategies used in these cases based on the framework proposed by Yu & Hang (2011) and found that 3 out of the 4 strategies commonly used in the cases from developed markets were also applied in the cases from emerging markets. In addition, we have identified 3 unique strategies which emerged from the cases from India and China, namely frugal engineering, modularization, and drastic manufacturing cost reduction. Based on the frequency of the usage of these strategies, we drew practical implications for local companies and multinational companies. Our study also provides critical insights to policy makers in emerging markets on the appropriate...
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...SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY 8 3.2 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 10 4.0 MARKET ENTRY STRATEGIES 11 4.1 JOINT-VENTURE 11 4.2 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 12 5.0 CONCLUSIONS 13 6.0 REFERENCES 14 1.0 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this paper is to discuss and evaluate the attractiveness of the food retail industry in India. Research on the Indian food retail industry will be executed to construct an analysis of the overall competitiveness and investment attractiveness. In Part 1, the researcher will apply the extended version of Porter’s National Diamond (PND) model to the Indian food retail industry. In Part 2, two key management issues will be taken into account and analysed before developing any further operations into the Indian food retail industry. In Part 3, two market entry strategies will be selected, compared, and discuss the advantages and limitations of each to determine the optimal strategy to be implemented in regards to the Indian food retail industry. 2.0 Part 1: PORTER’S NATIONAL DIAMOND ANALYSIS India has experienced significant social and economic change as of late, enabling a solid consumer market for foreign retailers. According to UNICEF, the Indian economy has been booming, with an average GDP growth rate of 4.5% from 1997 to 2007 (Mann & Byun, 2011), and is anticipated to be the world's third greatest economy after the USA and China by 2050. When market size, development prospects, and consumer wealth and preparedness are considered to determine the retail food index...
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...in Chinese and Indian organizations: a qualitative study Fang Lee Cooke Department of Management, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, and 16 Debi S. Saini Management Development Institute, Gurgaon, India Abstract Purpose – This paper aims to investigate diversity management (DM) practices in China and India by analyzing formal DM policy (if one exists) adopted by the company and informal DM practices adopted by managers. It also aims to discuss the appropriateness of the US-originated notion of, and approach to, managing diversity in the Indian and Chinese contexts by exploring how local managers make sense of diversity and manage it in a pragmatic way. Design/methodology/approach – The authors adopted a qualitative approach. In particular, through a semi-structured interview design, qualitative data were collected from 16 Chinese and Indian middle and senior managers and four human resources (HR) director of regional headquarters of foreign multinational firms. The data were supplemented by secondary data from a wide range of sources, including government reports and media coverage to extend contextual understanding. Findings – The paper reveals that most Chinese organizations do not see DM as an issue. Where exists, its focus is on conflict avoidance rather than value-addition to the business. In contrast, managing diversity in India is of greater significance for firms, both legally and financially. Compared with their Chinese counterparts, the Indian managers are...
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...legacies and cultural traditions. It shares a border with seven countries namely; Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. This denotes the diversity it has within its mainstream culture and subcultures, in terms of language, religion, ethnicity and mindset. It is a nation of extensive inconsistencies, with its emergence in the global market as opposed to its restricted economy of labour, capital and knowledge. However these inconsistencies are caused by the contradictory national and managerial mindset goes on to the confidence Indians have in their abilities and future. Bever et al (2005) found, in a study by McKinskey Quaterly, that Indian managers tend to be more optimistic as compared to the others, whereas in reality, it has been seen in only a few industries and corporations. The reason for these inconsistencies could be due to the history and culture behind the management styles. For instance, they are shaped by family dominance, rigid bureaucracy in government structures, and absence of professionalism in managers. Some areas that need attention are ethical indecency, labour laws and human resource management that should be attended. Also of equal consideration is the protectionist culture inspired by socialist economics, which was formed after independence in 1947, when the government-bred regulations fenced the influx of foreign opposition. It created inefficiencies and status-quo that triggered corruption and poor governance (Davis et al., 2005) However...
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...The family owned business is the backbone of the world economy. By some estimates, over 90% of all business enterprises in the United States are family-owned and 60% of all employees are in family owned businesses (Ibrahim and Elis, 1994; Colli, 2003). In the UK, approximately 76% of the largest 8,000 companies are either family owned or controlled (Gallo, 1994). Among the largest corporations in the US, approximately 30-40% are estimated to be family owned (Anderson and Reeb, 2003; Anderson, Duru and Reeb, 2009) Researchers have found similar statistics for family firms around the world (Dreux, 1990; Martinez, 1994; Owens, 1994). Therefore, a better grasp of the unique characteristics of family firms is a basis for understanding a significant part of the world’s economy several papers have been written about the unique characteristics of family businesses and their performance compared to that of non-family businesses. Most research done in the field focused on corporate governance measures, family relationships, succession, and performance indicators of family owned businesses. This research article also deals with capital structure & performance of family businesses in India. Article 1: (Kim & Gao) Does Family involvement increase business performance Family involvement in business management attracts much scholarly attention in the field of family business. This paper's main objectives are answering two questions. They are 1) how does family involvement...
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...On June 12, 2009, Finland-based telecom giant, Nokia Corporation (Nokia) launched its Nokia Life Tools (NLT) service in the state of Maharashtra in India. This was a bid to expand its rural base in the country. The service was commercially rolled out after the successful implementation of the pilot program in Maharashtra, in November 2008. The launch of the NLT service marked the increasing accessibility of value-added services (VAS) to rural consumers in India. Targeted at the rural consumers, the NLT service offered a range of services in the areas of agriculture, education, and entertainment to address the information gaps in the rural community. Nokia began focusing on the Indian rural market in 2003 when it launched a mobile handset with features such as longer battery life, one-touch flashlight, etc., that catered to the needs of the rural consumers. Over the years, it extended its support to the rural markets by launching several low-end phones that rural consumers found affordable. However, the company felt the need to serve the rural market by offering a value proposition along with its handsets. It noted that the rural consumers, especially farmers and students, had little or no access to the information they needed due to lack of resources and erratic Internet connections. This prompted Nokia to launch a service that would be embedded in its handsets and would serve the needs of the rural community. In November 2008, the company launched a pilot program for testing...
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...Emerging Indian Hospitality Sector: A study of NCR hotels Shiv Mohan Verma, Asst. Professor. HRCTGI Ravi Kumar Singh, Asst. Professor. HRCTGI Abstract Today, big name brands are embracing new technologies and adjusting their budgets in some surprising ways. Using mass production, network broadcasting, nationwide transport and chain retailing, marketers are driving consumption among the rapidly increasing population. The emerging trends in marketing have been caused by multiple factors like advent of MNC’s in India, changing industry structure or increasing media penetration to Indian homes. Marketers today acknowledge the value of knowing the customer and retaining customer relationship. This paper explores the changing dynamics of the Hospitality Sector, its ever-increasing focus on innovation along with the reasons causing the changes. The paper will address everyday questions faced by marketers in the rapidly evolving marketplace. Introduction The economy has moved decisive to a higher growth phase. Till a few years ago, there was still a debate among informed observers about whether the economy had moved above the 5 to 6 per cent average growth seen since the 1980s. There is now no doubt that the economy has moved to a higher growth plane, with growth in GDP at market prices exceeding 8 per cent in every year since 2003-04. Over the last five years there has been a sharp acceleration in the growth of per capita income, almost doubling to an average...
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...+ Models ORGDYN-404; No. of Pages 9 Organizational Dynamics (2011) xxx, xxx—xxx a v a i l a b l e a t w w w. s c i e n c e d i r e c t . c o m journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/orgdyn Emerging HR management trends in India and the way forward Pawan S. Budhwar, Arup Varma INTRODUCTION Over the last decade or so, India has emerged as a major player on the global economic front. To a great extent, India’s enhanced global economic importance is due to the economic reforms that were initiated in 1991. The reforms have been instrumental in creating tremendous opportunities for businesses, in particular for foreign operators. Bodies like the World Bank predict that if India can sustain its economic growth over the next decade, then it is likely to become one of the leading economies of the world. Needless to say, there are many issues that still need urgent attention — among these, development of infrastructure, control over corruption and bureaucratic red tape, opening-up of key sectors for foreign investments, political and legal reforms, enhancing employable skills in new graduates, control over increasing poverty, internal and external security, and divestments in the public sector, etc. In addition, issues related to the management of human resources have become crucial for India’s sustained economic growth. The liberalization of economic policies calls for a switch from labor intensive to more capital-intensive methods of production, and thus requires organizations...
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...1. Title of the paper “Impact of Multi Brand Foreign Direct Investment in Retail Sector in India (Before the approval)” 2. Author Name – Prof. Nikhil Polke 3. Theme – Retail 4. Institute Name & Address Tirpude Institute of Management Education 1, Balasaheb Tirpude Marg, Civil Lines, Sadar, NAGPUR – 440 001 5. Email – n.polke@tirpude.edu.in 6. Contact number - +91 99233 80707 Abstract India has been placed at first position in the category of countries with the best opportunity for investment in the Retail Sector by a survey of A.T. Kearney’s 2005 on Global Retail Development. The increasing disposable incomes among the Indian middle class and increasing young population have been cited as the main reasons for such attractive optimism. This positive opinion of the experts has also encouraged the intense lobbying by certain sections for opening Foreign Direct Investment in this sector. Foreign investors are also very enthusiastic to invest in India’s Retail Sector. At present India does not allow FDI in multi-brand retail but permits upto 51 percent in single brand retail and 100 percent in cash and carry wholesale trading. There is a ban on FDI in big multi-brand retail stores but there is no restriction on companies accessing the foreign equity market through the American and Global Depository Receipts. The Government of India opened up FDI in ‘Single Brand Retailing’ in the year 2006. This was done with a primary motive of giving a boost...
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...Economics for Everyone: Going Global–FDI Fables–FDI in Multibrand Retail......................................................... 2 Special report - Business in India: Inbound and outbound deals: Their oyste ....................................................... 12 Growing confidence dented by politicians .............................................................................................................. 16 BEST CROSS - BORDER M&A DEAL .................................................................................................................. 18 The Literature on Chinese Outward FDI ................................................................................................................ 19 Page 1 of 36 © 2012 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Economics for Everyone: Going Global–FDI Fables–FDI in Multibrand Retail Economics for Everyone: Going Global–FDI Fables–FDI in Multibrand Retail India Infoline News Service 5,801 words 2 May 2012 Indiainfoline News Service INFOIN English Copyright © 2012. Indiainfoline Ltd. FDI- Foreign Direct Investment Context: NEWS FDI in multi-brand retail to go ahead,TNN (TIMES OF INDIA) Govt says committed to multi-brand retail FDI FE BUREAU Aviation FDI: Cautious, Centre set to take allies on board, BUSINESS STANDARD India has been ranked at the third place in global foreign direct investments in 2009 and will continue to remain among the top five attractive destinations for international investors during 2010-11...
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... Shriram Tarawade (2011204) Valluru Naveen (2011218) Varun Luthra (2011221) Vasundhara Singh (2011222) INTRODUCTION The recent time has been observed as growth of Indian organized retail market with many folds. Numerous business groups are attracted in the past few years, including some renowned business groups like Bharti, Future, Reliance, and Aditya Birla to establish hold, showing the future growth in times to come. In addition, organized retail sector has also grabbed the attention of foreign companies, showing their interest to enter India, Retailing in India is witnessing a radical transformation. The increase in the number of retail chains across the country is an indication that retailing is emerging as an industry and will boom in a big way in the near future. Retailing like any product does follow a life cycle. India is currently at a stage where customers needed variety in products and retail formats. At present, the contribution of retailing is just about two percentages to total size of $180 billion. Almost every major Indian business house are either getting into the retail space or are consolidating and expanding their presence in the retail space at a feverish pace. The retail industry in India is highly fragmented and unorganised. Retailing has played a major role world over in contributing to the nation’s GDP and in providing...
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