...Irish emigration across the Atlantic began long before 1800. In the 1600s, approximately 25,000 Irish Catholics left – some were forced to move, others left voluntarily – for the Caribbean and Virginia, while from the 1680s onwards Irish Quakers and Protestant Dissenters began to depart for the New World. Considerable Presbyterian emigration from Ireland's northern Province of Ulster took place from the 1710s onward, alongside smaller Anglican Protestant and Catholic emigration from Ulster and the southern province of Munster. This pattern continued until the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1814. Ireland had benefited considerably from price rises associated with war on the European Continent, only to suffer as a result of the drop in export price levels following the Battle of Waterloo. From 1815 to the start of the Great Irish Famine (1846–1852), between 800,000 and one million Irish sailed for North America with roughly half settling in Canada and the other half settling in the United States. Significantly, no other European country contributed as many emigrants per capita to the New World as Ireland during this period. Until the early 1830s, Protestant departures exceeded the number of Catholics leaving Ireland. Thereafter, Catholics greatly outnumbered Protestants. The demise of the cottage spinning industry in the first half of the 19th century – especially from the early 1830s onwards – led to a massive displacement of workers. Nonetheless, the rise of the linen industry...
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...head: The Definition of Immigration, Emigration, and Brain Drain. 1 The Definition of Immigration, Emigration, and Brain Drain in Terms of being Beneficial and Counter-productive to many first world countries Author Note December 11, 2012 The Definition of Immigration, Emigration, Brain Drain. 2 Abstract Immigration, Emigration, and Brain Drain are three topics that all go hand in hand when it comes having slight similarities and different viewpoints as to whether they are all beneficial to the country they currently reside or if they are a nuisance to many of the native citizens. Immigrants travel far and wide to a new country to start over a new life or simply for economic reasons. Emigration is the act of permanently leaving one's country or region to settle in another. It is the same as immigration but from the perspective of the country of origin. Human movement in general is termed migration. There are many reasons why people might choose to emigrate. Better economic opportunity is a "pull" factor, as is a quest for a better climate. Fears of poverty or of religious or political discrimination are "push" factors. And finally Brain Drain (the technical term being Human capital flight is the massive emigration of a large group of individuals that possess knowledge or technical skills. The Definition of Immigration, Emigration, Brain Drain. ...
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...Emigration of Argentina Since the beginning of time, man has been on the move searching for new places, better opportunities and easier living surroundings and since then immigration has been a powerful force globally. The decision to migrate is influenced by differentials that can be economically related such as employment or earnings; politically related such as freedom of religious expression; or socially related such as location of family. “In 2010, some 214 million people — 3 per cent of the world's population — lived outside their country of origin” (www.unfpa.org). Until recently, Argentina has been mainly distinguished as a country of immigration. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Argentina was a country of opportunity and a net importer of people and capital; but immigration led to diminishing economic prospects and volatile politics, which prompted the emigration of Argentineans today. The emigration of Argentineans hurts the country economically and socially. In the early 19th century, Argentina gained independence from Spain and adopted an open immigration policy to encourage immigration. The government even subsidized immigrant boat passages to promote migration. Between 1870 and 1930 Argentina experienced a huge wave of immigration, receiving over seven million immigrants, with the majority of the immigrants coming from Spain and Italy. The minority immigrants were from France, Germany, Britain and Ireland. Europe was facing severe economic conditions...
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...referred to as "brain drain", is the large-scale emigration of individuals with technical skills or knowledge. The reasons usually include two aspects which respectively come from countries and individuals. In terms of countries, the reasons may be social environment (in source countries: lack of opportunities, political instability, economic depression, health risks; in host countries: rich opportunities, political stability and freedom, developed economy, better living conditions). In terms of individual reasons, there are family influences (overseas relatives, and personal preference: preference for exploring, ambition for an improved career, etc. Although the term originally referred to technology workers leaving a nation, the meaning has broadened into: "the departure of educated or professional people from one country, economic sector, or field for another, usually for better pay or living conditions". Brain drain is usually regarded as an economic cost, since emigrants usually take with them the fraction of value of their training sponsored by the government or other organizations. It is a parallel of capital flight, which refers to the same movement of financial capital. Brain drain is often associated with de-skilling of emigrants in their country of destination, while their country of emigration experiences the draining of skilled individuals. The term brain drain was coined by the Royal Society to describe the emigration of "scientists and technologists" to North America...
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...challenging circumstances in the period, the Great Famine forced thousands of Irish women to emigrate to the United States. The factors that contributed to Irish women emigrating are slightly more complex in comparison to the reasons why men emigrated from Ireland. Women who emigrated left behind poor social conditions that were showing no signs of improvement, the United States promised a new way of life in all forms. It has been debated that Women in Ireland had become out of touch with their Irish heritage and culture however the emigration of Irish women can be seen simply as a movement by which Irish women enhanced their way of life which still encapsulated all forms of Irish...
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...1007/s00148-005-0015-1 ORIGIN AL PAPER Timothy J. Hatton Explaining trends in UK immigration Received: 11 February 2004 / Accepted: 6 December 2004 / Published online: 22 November 2005 © Springer-Verlag 2005 Abstract Since the 1970s Britain has gone from being a country of net emigration to one of net immigration, with a trend increase in immigration of more than 100,000 per year. This paper represents the first attempt to model the variations in net migration for British and for foreign citizens, across countries and over time. A simple economic model, which includes the selection effects of differing income distributions at home and abroad, largely accounts for the variations in the data. The results suggest that although improved economic performance in the UK relative to overseas has tended to increase immigration, rising UK inequality has had an even larger effect. Immigration policies at home and abroad have also increased net immigration, particularly in the 1990s. Keywords Immigration . Emigration . Immigration policy JEL Classification F22 . J61 . J78 1 Introduction In the last 20 years the UK has become a country of net immigration. During the 1960s and 1970s, emigration exceeded immigration so that net immigration was persistently negative. Since then net immigration has progressively increased. The best available measure of long-term trends indicates an increase in the annual net immigration from −24 thousand in the early 1970s to 89 thousand in the late...
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...Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism is when there is an ethnic group that believes they are superior to any other ethnic group.. It would be like the German Nazis who thought they were better than Jewish people. Melting pot A melting pot is when many people from different races, countries, or cultures come together. A great example of a melting pot would be the United State since everywhere you look there is someone who is of a different race or culture. Minority group A minority group is a group of people who have very little control or power over their own lives but a different minority may hold the dominance over the lesser group of people. Emigration An example of emigration would be a United States resident moving to Europe in the hopes to becoming a permanent Europe resident. Immigration Immigration means a person or population coming to a new country with the goal of becoming a permanent resident. Culture A culture is a group of people or characteristics that are similar with each other whether its age, race, sex, religion, or demographic. A culture is a group of people that share the same social qualities. Part II Answer each question in 250 to 350 words: 1. What are some of the ways groups of people are identified? People can be identified into all sorts of different groups, there is a racial group which is based off of a person’s skin color, hair color or body type. Some typical racial groups would be Native Americans, Asian Americans, or...
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...Hearing the voices of those who framed the debate and the Cherokee themselves allows the reader to appreciate exactly how complicated the situation really was. Pro-removal Americans make racist judgments of the Cherokee but cast their arguments in humanitarian rhetoric. Pro-emigration Cherokee harshly criticize the Cherokee leadership as corrupt and disdain traditional Cherokee culture. American defenders and the Cherokee leadership deploy legal and moral arguments in a futile efforttoforestallAmericanviolence. Yet the situation was even more complex than the editors convey. They ignore the very real class divisions within Cherokee society: the land- and slave-owning elite afraid of losing their property in the expulsion; the "middle class",...
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...Greece to the United States between 1950 and 1974. It appears that Greeks have always looked beyond Greece and travelled abroad in search of opportunity and perhaps adventure. Like salmon, they generally prefer to return to their birthplace at the end of their life, but often spend most of their lives abroad. The Council of Greeks Abroad estimates that there are at least as many people who consider themselves “Greek” living outside Greece as there are in Greece. The Greek tendency to wander, seek adventure and conquer new lands dates back to ancient times when Greeks founded settlements throughout the Mediterranean world. Traditionally the sea was the way to foreign lands and as a result Greeks presently control a majority of the world’s ocean-going merchant fleet. Greek emigration to America began prior to the creation of the modern Greek state in the early 1800s. Greeks began arriving in the New World in the 1600s, but most of the immigration from Greece to the United States took place during two time periods in the 1900s. The first wave of Greek immigration to the United States was from 1890 to 1924. A series of wars in the Balkans and Asia Minor caused large populations to be displaced, and more than a million refugees to settle in Greece. This caused additional strains on the meager economic and food resources in a nation already devastated by two decades of war. As a result, approximately 500,000 Greeks immigrated to the United States during this time...
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...[pic] Университет за Национално и Световно Стопанство Направление: Икономика с преподаване на Английски език КУРСОВА РАБОТА тема : Economic immigration: the case of Spain Изготвил: Венелина Цветанова Каменова Фак. Ном.: 10114103 Преподавател: Кръстьо Петков 2010 година Съдържание Why did I choose this topic? I. Introduction 1. The term immigration 1.1 The term immigration and the general theories behind it 1.2. Economic migrant 2. Global immigration 3. Immigration in Europe 1. Immigration within Europe 2. Immigration from outside of Europe II. The case of Spain 1. Immigration laws and policies in Spain 2. Main countries from where people emigrate to Spain 1. Bulgarians in Spain 3. Main reasons for choosing Spain III. Conclusion The data used in this project is from year 2005. Why did I choose this topic? Watching half of my classmates applying in foreign universities and many of my friends and family choosing to live abroad in order to have “better life” made me wonder what the reasons behind the migrations are. I was interested in the scientific explanation behind the migration processes. This paper gave me the opportunity to understand the incentives behind people’s decisions and the main reasons, pushing people from our own country. And even if I didn’t choose the case of Spain for my topic it...
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...The Jewish States of America David Foley Heritage: Civilization and the Jews Professor Geller 4/17/14 David Foley Professor Geller Heritage: Civilization and the Jews I. Intro: Have you ever found yourself wondering how, or why the Jewish people ended up in the US? A. Topic: Jewish Migration in 19th and 20th Centuries to the US Title: The Jewish States of America Thesis: Even though the Jews tried to escape harsh conditions in Europe through emigration, they were met with the same level of opposition in the US. Summary: II. Body A. Reasons in Europe for Immigration 1. Where in Europe did majority come from B. New opportunities in the US C. Difficulties faced in the US D. How those issues were dealt with E. How things are better today for the Jewish people III. Conclusion A. Proved that when the Jewish people emigrated to the US, that the problems they ran away from were replaced by an equally confrontational frontier. David Foley Professor Geller Heritage: Civilization and the Jews 4/17/14 The Jewish States of America Have you ever found yourself wondering how, or why the Jewish people ended up in the US? When the topic of the Jewish religion comes about we think about one place normally. Israel is said to be the original holder of the world’s Jewish population in biblical times. Now times have changed and the worlds Jew’s have found themselves spread to every corner of our planet with amassing numbers and...
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...black man who was able to study medicine under a white abolitionist physician and eventually became one of the first black men to study medicine at Harvard University in 1850. In 1843 he established himself as a journalist by starting a black newspaper called “The Mystery” in Pittsburg. He lost his newspaper in 1847 but was recognized by Fredrick Douglas and became a co-write for Douglas’ periodical called “The North Star”. After publishing four books in 1852 he began an emigration movement of African Americans out of the...
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...Original Scots Colonists of Early America" 1612 - 1783, Dobson). Many Scotts were deported as criminals and banished to the Americas, forced to work for English plantation owners until they could buy their freedom (Scotland Guide - Scottish History - Scots emigration/immigration to the US." Stevens). Because of the strict clan system that the Scottish live under, when one member of the clan immigrated to the Americas, the other members of the clan would normally fallow, by the time of the American Revolutionary war had begun, around 150,000 Scotts had immigrated to North America ("The Original Scots Colonists of Early America" 1612 - 1783, Dobson). For the Scotts that came to the Americas freely, on their arrival they congregated in Scottish communities, Scottish families could be found throughout the colonies, but many centralized in Georgia, the Carolinas, upper New York, Nova Scotia and Jamaica, due to the fact of fertile land, good farming, and job opportunities ("The Original Scots Colonists of Early America" 1612 - 1783, Dobson). Although once they arrived they were looked down upon by the Germans, Dutch, and English, because they were thought to be less civilized and drunks (Scotland Guide - Scottish History - Scots emigration/immigration to the US." Stevens). When the Revolutionary war was on its way many Scottish peoples considered themselves loyalist on account the royal ties between Scotland and English kings. Many Scottish people fled to Canada or even back to the main...
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...the second largest immigrants to migrate in New York and as well as Spain. In the last 25 years, Ecuador has accomplished two main waves of emigration where about15 percent of Ecuadorians were sent overseas in Spain, United States, Italy, Venezuela, with a small amount were in Chile. Ecuadorian emigration in 1960 was nominal. A limited amount of people migrated to Venezuela and to United States by 1940. According to Jokish, “The U.S. Office of Immigration Statistics (part of the Department of Homeland Security) reports that 11,025 Ecuadorians received lawful permanent resident status from 1930 to 1959. By the 1960s, small communities of Ecuadorians could be found in Los Angeles, Chicago, and New York.” (P. 1) Similar to other Central America countries, Ecuador typically relies on the funds of migrants send home. Jokish states that, “The Inter-American Development Bank estimated that Ecuador received $2.0 billion in remittances in 2004, equivalent to 6.7 percent of its GDP and second only to oil exports; 14 percent of adults in Ecuador receive remittances regularly.” (P.1) About 75 percent of remittances were used mainly for basic household needs including education, food, medicine and debts. In 2006, migrants were required to compensate coyotes or document forgers around $12,500 a year for clandestine travel to the United States. After paying off for the basic needs and their debts are paid off, Ecuadorians assembled new homes. In today’s society in Ecuador...
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...Ethnic Groups and Discrimination I have to decide to this paper on my Canadian French because my grandparents where Canadian French and I want to know what they went threw when they came to the states. The research I have done is from both the internet, University library and from my family. Here is some of the background that I found on the internet. Between 1830 and 1840 there was roughly 900,000 French Canadian left Canada in immigrant to the United States. According to the American Census in 1980 13.6 million American claimed to have French ancestors. Canadian historians have more or less ignored this phenomenon, largely because it was far more diffused, did not affect their society as much as Quebec was affected as it was more used to migration than French-speaking Quebec where "la survivance" was always a major concern, and, lastly, did not leave the enduring traces that French-Canadian emigration did. Simply put, English Canadians were less noticeable and assimilated far more rapidly into American society than did French-speaking. There were two important points’ needs to be established: the first one is that there are costs associated to emigrations. These costs are economical, emotional, and cultural. The economical costs are fairly easy to estimate as they quantifiable. When they leave then the assets was liquidated or even loss. Many of the material items were left behind. Then there was the cost of transportation to their destination and the cost of their food...
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