...breakdown structure l Heavy emphasis on scheduling and critical paths l Lots of performance and progress reporting The Political Approach l Based on trying to identify stakeholders, winners and losers l Attempts to buy off or cut losers loose l Particular focus on where the balance of power might lie and lots of jockeying for position l Alliances and coalitions become critical The Emotional Approach l Based on trying to provide reassurance and support l Allowing people time to come to terms with change l Little attempt to ‘persuade’ people of the change – focus, instead, is on giving them the information and involvement they need to ‘buy in’ themselves MANAGING CHANGE Key Questions About Stakeholders l Who is going to be affected by this change? l How big a change will this be for them? l What’s in it for them (benefits/losses)? l How committed are they now to this change (in your Attempts to buy off or cut losers loose l Particular focus on where the balance of power might lie and lots of jockeying for position l Alliances and coalitions become critical The Emotional Approach l Based on trying to provide reassurance and support l Allowing people time to come to terms with change l Little attempt to ‘persuade’ people of the change – focus, instead, is on giving them the information and involvement they need to ‘buy in’ themselves MANAGING CHANGE Key Questions About Stakeholders l Who is going to be affected by this change? l How big a change...
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...University Regulating the Market When it comes to the business world, there are two types of regulations that must be taken into account and understood. The first is industrial regulations and the second it social regulations. The part they play for businesses has the ability to affect the market in what can be deemed both beneficial and harmful ways. Industrial regulations by definition, is the governments old-fashioned way of regulated prices as well as the products provided to consumers in certain industries (Author, 2011, pg. __) Once industrial regulation is understood, the question of why it exists comes into play. Based on the theory mentioned in our textbook called “public interest theory of regulation,” we see that industrial regulation is important because it allows the government to keep natural monopolies from charging prices that would only be needed if there were several companies all producing the same products and competing with one another (2012, pg. __). The main reason for these industrial regulations: to keep these natural monopolies from harming both their consumers as well as society. For example, electricity, gas, and cable television are some of the entities that are affected by these regulations in regards to market structure. (Need to do part 3 and 3a. of section A) Turning to another type of regulation found in the business world, we find social regulations is defined as the governments interest in what condition products and services that businesses...
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...Regulation Plan for Alumina Inc. LAW531 21 March 2011 Mr. Majid Safaie Regulation Plan for Alumina Inc. Regulatory risk, by definition, is a risk to which private companies are subject, arising from the possibility of legislation or regulations that will affect business being adopted by a government [ (Unabridged, 2009) ]. To avoid this risk, Alumina Inc, must be proactive in their approach to legal analysis, marketing, public relations, and various other elements of business. Alumina, Inc also needs to be aware of regulatory policies, legal responsibilities, public information requirements and the various policies and procedures that may be applicable to their operation and the possible consequences facing them for failure to comply with government regulations. In cases of noncompliance, guidelines need to be in place for responding to allegations, both publically and to the government. The goal of Alumina, Inc is to avoid these situations and maintain their operation at optimal tempo, avoiding all unnecessary dealings with regulatory agencies, while staying mindful of potential problems. By identifying regulatory risks, Alumina, Inc is able to manage these risks on their own terms and avoid being caught off guard by regulatory changes or minor offenses. Preventive measures fall to the legal department, research and development, and marketing elements. This collaborative and preventive effort will ensure that each department has the knowledge to maintain itself according...
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...guns through legal channels, and completely banning certain types of guns. Although, there are countless ways for criminals to avoid government regulations, through the “private sales” loophole. This access to firearms has large effect on the crime rate in America and the protection of innocent people. The process of purchasing firearms through black market sales needs to be stiffly regulated to contain less crime. To purchase a gun in the United States of America, can vary because each state has their own laws to abide by. What we can do as one nation is try to regulate the sale of guns through the private loopholes, or illegally. Raising the federal penalty on unlicensed gun sales might make the dealers think twice about the unlawful deeds they are committing. Someone selling a firearm through private sales can, in a way, be an accessory to what the buyer does with that firearm. This brings up a reason why the government has a waiting period for a person to able to purchase a gun. The "waiting period" method of gun control is basically a two-step process. The first step in the procedure is that the person wanting a gun goes to their local shop to place the initial order. Then, must wait one to two weeks while the government performs a small background check for past criminal activities, disorderly conduct, or lack of mental/emotional stability. During this time, if the purchaser of the...
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...Citation: 18 Duke J. Comp. & Int'l L. 151 2007-2008 Content downloaded/printed from HeinOnline (http://heinonline.org) Thu Oct 17 14:15:18 2013 -- Your use of this HeinOnline PDF indicates your acceptance of HeinOnline's Terms and Conditions of the license agreement available at http://heinonline.org/HOL/License -- The search text of this PDF is generated from uncorrected OCR text. -- To obtain permission to use this article beyond the scope of your HeinOnline license, please use: https://www.copyright.com/ccc/basicSearch.do? &operation=go&searchType=0 &lastSearch=simple&all=on&titleOrStdNo=1053-6736 EXCHANGE CONSOLIDATION AND MODELS OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITIES REGULATION Bo HARVEY* INTRODUCTION In recent years, globalization and a growing demand for capital have increased competition within the capital markets for the business of issuers and investors.! This has led stock and derivatives exchanges to change their business models from mutual business entities, run for the benefit of their members, to demutualized corporations, run for the benefit of shareholders Consequently, as for-profit corporations, exchanges have looked to position themselves more competitively in an internationalized securities market. Part of such positioning has included increasing exchange alliances and acquisitions on a global scale. This is highlighted by the recent merger between the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and Euronext (the new entity to be known as NYSE-Euronext). With financial markets...
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...and Global Business Applications Introduction: The study of government regulation and the competitive environment for business is relevant to all those who study business. All business candidates need to understand how the competitive environment will impact their employers and businesses. Task: Write an essay (suggested length of 2–3 pages) that describes the relationship between regulation and market structures and how regulation affects the market. A. Define industrial (i.e., economic) regulation. Industrial Regulation happens when government commissions regulate the rates or prices of natural monopolies. 1. Explain why industrial regulation exists. In a market structure of perfect competition industrial regulation is not required because there is a lot of competition and this encourages competing industries to make good use of resources, also the price of their goods are determined by the price the market will bear and consumers benefit. Whereas in a monopolistic competition there exists a market structure that could allow competitive monopolies, duopolies, oligopolies, and monopolies to charge higher than competitive prices or the use inefficient use of resources and limited supplies, creating an environment that is not conducive to the benefit of the consumer. . (McConnell, Brue & Flynn, 2012) 2. Explain how industrial regulation affects the market. Industrial regulation affects the market by keeping prices for natural monopolies such as public...
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...ministers by January 1, 2019. The question is, however, whether this is the right path to choose and whether these regulations will be able to prevent the world from any future financial markets crisis. So far, the proposed numbers themselves could hardly be described as tough, as the bounce in bank shares testified. Also, it seems that many important issues are not being addressed at all. (Plenty) But what are the issues that should be addressed? What would be the ideal regulatory state and is it possible to ever achieve it? Let us, first, start with our idea of the “ideal” international financial regulatory plan. After having researched various proposals for the international financial markets regulations, we reached a conclusion that finding the ideal path is going to represent a very difficult task and that none proposed regulation will be able to fit all the states. As mentioned in the article “Financial regulation: More questions than answers” which was posted in Businessline in the end of July, due to the variations in institutional legacies, traditions and systems in individual countries over the world, no one size can fit all. Also, however, we believe that as far as financial stability is concerned within any kind of arrangement that is deemed fit in a particular country, there is no need for a central bank to have a lead role. (Opinion) Any regulations will then require a dispassionate assessment of the reasons for the current system’s failure. The complicated issues...
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...the financial accounting system. In response, the NYSE and the NASDAQ proposed increasingly stringent independence requirements, both for overall board membership and for the compensation and nominating committees. Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, a group of amendments to existing securities laws intended to strengthen corporate governance and the financial reporting system. These proposals and laws augment existing exchange requirements for listed firms to have independent audit committees. When costly internal regulations that are not necessary for honest corporations are imposed on all corporations that are competitors, honest corporations do not gain a competitive advantage over those who have violated the law. In some situations these honest corporations could bear higher costs than do rogue corporations. Who then benefits from such rules? First, standardized rules make it easier for the regulators to supervise the corporate subjects of the regulation. Regulators include not only government regulators and examiners but also the internal police within large organizations-that is, compliance officers, comptrollers, and accountants. Second, generally applicable...
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...as ethylene glycol butyl ether). It acts as a degreaser and is a colorless, biodegradable chemical with a fruity odor. It is on lists as being a toxic air contaminant and some animal studies indicate that these chemical produced reproductive problems. People exposed to this contaminant have reported nose and eye irritation, headaches, vomiting, and a metallic taste. However, due to low regulation levels, it is difficult for customers to know if their cleaners contain this chemical because it is not listed on the label. Federal and state governments do not regulate air pollution inside the home. An early cleaning company that branded itself as being nontoxic and environmentally friendly used this chemical in its products but did not label it in order to “protect its formula from piracy.” Companies such as Clorox Co. and S.C. Johnson also use this chemical without printing it on the label. They were able to do so when EGBE was removed from the list of hazardous air pollutants and maintains a guideline of for how to prevent chronic inhalation exposure. However, it is a guideline, not a regulation. Professors at University of California, Berkeley not that the EPA erred when it removed the chemical from the hazardous...
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...Proposed regulation: Georgia Super Speeder Law 1. State the administrative agency which controls the regulation. Explain why this agency and your proposed regulation interest you. -Office of Highway Safety controls this Georgia Super Speeder regulation. This agency and regulation interests me because as a Georgia resident I have seen the damages that speeding on a Georgia highway can cause. I have had colleagues face bad accidents as a result to speeding and this regulation punishes those drivers that break the new regulation. -This law will directly affect me so much as if I was in violation of the law; I can face an additional $200 in the ticket fee just for being in violation. This fee does not include the actual speeding ticket. 2. Describe the proposal/change -The new law will increase the amount of money that an individual pays along with the speeding ticket fee. The proposal is in place to decrease the number of deaths and accidents from the result of driving above the given speed limit. 3. Write the public comment which you would submit to this proposal. Explain briefly what you wish to accomplish with your comment. -I am in favor of the new super speeder regulation. I believe this law will decrease the amount of ‘speeders’ on Georgia highways. Georgia has a high rate of motor vehicle accidents a day and with a new law that will punish these drivers with higher fines, I believe that more drivers will take caution and actually...
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...The Averch-Johnson Effect Economics of Competition and Monopoly 1 Rate of Return Regulation This form of regulation in its purest form takes costs as exogenous and observable and forms prices on the basis of observed costs included and appropriate rate of return on capital. One of the principal criticisms that have arisen for the kind of rate of return regulation practised in the United States is that the incentive for productive efficiency are reduced. In particular the input choice of the regulated firm will be distorted. While this effect is widely quoted there are a number of misunderstandings regarding the nature and significance of the theoretical result and there has been a fairly substantial empirical literature that has questioned whether it is relevant in practice. We will look at the theoretical result to illustrate what it does or does not show and look at the empirical relevance. The key aspect of rate of return regulation is that the principal restriction on the regulated firm is that the rate of return it can earn on capital is restricted to a value s. In order for the firm to be able to finance its operations, secure funds for its investments, the firm has to be able to earn a return equivalent to its cost of capital r. As it is difficult to determine the exact cost of capital and there is a hard constraint that the permitted rate of return should not be less that r the permitted rate s will typically be above r. The usual (and somewhat misleading) statement of the...
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...There are three possible alternatives to address this situation. Let us discuss each alternative one by one. The first alternative is that company issues a warning that the toy is unsuitable for the children and thus, the whistle should be used with caution. The major advantage of this alternative is that it does not result in any financial losses as the toys can be shipped immediately. However, this alternative can attract legal consequences as the toy fails to pass the regulatory standards. Further, it is highly unethical for the company to ship the toys even without warning as it could be harmful for children. It is unethical for the company to ship the product which is unacceptable by US standards to another country, even though the regulations are not stringent in that country as it can harm the children in that country as well. The second alternative to address this issue is to reproduce the product and meet the acceptable limits for lead and repackage it at a cost of $100,000. This alternative will result in numerous benefits. First of all, it will be a ethical decision on part of the company. Secondly, this decision will not attract any legal liabilities and will allow the company to maintain its reputation. However, the disadvantage is that this option will result in financial losses of $100,000 for the company. The third alternative is to ship the manufactured product to a country where such product is legally accepted or meets the regulatory standard. This situation...
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...Executive summary One chalange that firms face nowadays is how to expand in the Multinational market and still maintain their compatitive advantages. The major issue is to decide for a favorable place or location for their new businesses. Due to our multicultural globus, every country has its specific regulations, markets, interrests, labor, trade zones, facilities and other factores that could affect the decision of the foreing expansion and the choice of the industry location. This paper illustrates the major factors that should influence such decisions. There are several types of observations, how to decide for a specific location for a company. This dicision depend strongly on the activities of the company, in other words with what type of business profile this company identifies itself. There are two major categories in our global observation what a company can be. The first one is the firms that have industrial backround, like goods production. Second one is companies that are based on service. This second category is not descused in this paper due to the less importance of the site selection decision, because it doesn’t matter whether the whole business process is situated at the same location. The communication technologie open the facility to be successfully performend even on different continet. In this paper I will be focused on the industrial corporates that is willing to take the decision of locating its factory somewhere in the global/international trade zones...
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...A monopoly is a situation in which there is a single producer or seller of a product for which there are no close substitutes. Economies of scale is the situation in which the cost to a company of producing or supplying each additional unit of a product (referred to by economists as marginal cost) decreases as the volume of output increases.A natural monopoly is a monopoly that exists because the cost of producing the product is lower due to economies of scale if there is just a single producer than if there are several competing producers. If there are multiple firms in an industry that is characterized by natural monopoly, all except the one that can attain the largest volume of output, and thus the lowest production cost, will generally exit the industry because they will not be able to compete on a price basis. Once a single firm becomes established in an industry that is characterized by natural monopoly, it is very difficult for competitors to emerge because of the very high costs for production facilities (including infrastructure) that allow a scale of output equal to or greater than that of the existing monopolist and because of the uncertainty that they will be able to oust the existing monopolist. The most commonly cited examples of natural monopolies are utilities such as railroads, pipelines, electric power transmission systems and water supply systems. Such industries are characterized by very large costs for their infrastructure and it is thus often inefficient...
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...Chapter 3: The Regulation of financial accounting Why examine theories of regulation? Better placed to understand why some accounting prescriptions become part of legislation while others do not. Accounting standard – setting is a very political process While some proposed requirements may be technically sound and logical, they may not be mandated due to political ‘power’ or influence of some affected parties What is regulation? The Oxford Dictionary defines regulation in terms of a “prescribed rule” Macquarie Dictionary defined regulation as “a rule of order, as for conduct, prescribed by authority; a governing direction or law”. On the basis of these definitions can say that regulation is designed to control or govern conduct Hence, when we are discussing regulations relating to financial accounting, we are discussing rules that have been developed by an independent authoritative body that has been given the power to govern how we are to prepare financial statements, and the actions of the authoritative body will have the effect of restricting the accounting options that would otherwise be to an organisation. ‘Free Market’ perspective Accounting information should be treated like other goods, with demand and supply forces allowed to operate to generate an optimal supply. Arguments supporting ‘free – market’ perspective Private economic – based incentives ‘Market for managers’ ‘Market for corporate takeovers’ ‘Market for lemons’ Private economic – based...
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