...outside the house, such as taking care of the yard and running errands (Evans and Davies 1996). (Net Industries and its Licensors) Functionalist theory focuses on the ways that sports contribute to the smooth operation of societies, communities, organizations, and groups. This is why a functionalist approach is popular among people interested in preserving the status quo in society. Many people connected with organized competitive sports also prefer functionalist theory because it emphasizes the “functions” of sports and supports the conclusion that sports are a source of inspiration for individuals and societies. Functionalist theory however has three major weaknesses. Functionalists see sport as a relatively stable social institution that always serves specific functions in societies. Such an approach overlooks the diversity of sports, the extent to which sports promote the interests of powerful and wealthy people, and the possibility that sports may sometimes produce or reproduce social outcomes that actually disrupt the smooth functioning of society. Additionally, functionalist theory may overstate the positive effects of sport in society and understate its negative effects. For example, it does not help us to understand that women in society are disadvantaged when sports are organized in ways that legitimize the use of physical power to dominate others. Lastly, functionalist theory is based on the assumption that the needs of all groups within a society...
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...scientific study of behavior and experiences of organism in relation to the environment. Sports psychology is concerned with the psychological foundations, processes, and consequences of the psychological regulation of sport-related activities of one or several persons acting as the subject of the activity. Applied sports and exercise psychology involves the idea of theory and research into the field to those individuals such as coaches, fitness professionals, and athletic trainers about psychological aspects of their sports or activity. The ultimate goal that’s trying to be reached through applied sports and exercise psychology is to facilitate optimal involvement, performance, and enjoyment in sport and exercise. Throughout this literature review I will go into detail on what is it to be a sports psychologist, and what are their major job and the benefits of this practice. Many individuals get their masters or even undergraduate degrees in sports psychology. Today many schools don’t offer this option so you can also get a master’s in clinical psychology if you want to pursue the career of a sports psychologist. By giving detailed descriptions and the goals, steps necessary to take to become a sports psychologist, athletic trainer and many other careers you can get into. I found a few scholarly articles that help explain the ultimate goal of applied sports and exercise psychology. Is applied sports and exercise psychology necessary in enhancing an athlete’s performance? Is an athlete...
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...Review of the Research Editors: Mark S. Kovacs, PhD Todd S. Ellenbecker, DPT W. Ben Kibler, MD A United States Tennis Association Sport Science Committee Project Tennis Recovery: A Comprehensive Review of the Research Copyright © 2010 United States Tennis Association Inc. ISBN 978-0-692-00528-6 Editors: Mark S. Kovacs, Todd S. Ellenbecker, W. Ben Kibler TENNIS RECOVERY A Comprehensive Review of the Research A United States Tennis Association Sport Science Committee Project Editors: Mark S. Kovacs, PhD Todd S. Ellenbecker, DPT W. Ben Kibler, MD Introduction In the last two decades, physical training and competitive opportunities have increased dramatically in junior, collegiate and professional tennis. This arose due to a multitude of factors, but much of it has stemmed from an increase in knowledge and understanding of scientifically based training programs focused on improving performance. As this focus on performance has increased, the area of recovery has received relatively limited focus. Recovery is a multi-faceted paradigm focusing on recovery from training—session to session, day to day and week to week. Recovery is also vitally important during training as well as in competition between matches and between days during multi-day tournaments. As more information is needed in the area of tennis specific recovery, the Sport Science Committee of the United States Tennis Association (USTA) sponsored an extensive evidence-based review of the available literature...
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...in Youth Sports Violence on the Sidelines in Youth Sports Everyone agrees that parent involvement is a good thing. But when the parent behaves inappropriately it creates a poor environment for the children to learn and enjoy themselves. "Sideline rage" with parents behaving badly at youth sports events is such an epidemic, that 76% of respondents from 60 high school athletic associations said increased spectator interference is causing many officials to quit (Associated Press, 6/3/01). Parents are supposed to be role models, and the lessons they teach will determine their values and actions in the future. These days violence in children's sports is not limited to the playing field; overbearing parents are creating dangerous situations on the field. Involving your child in sports is important part of growing up. There are several benefits to children playing sports. The child will learn how to make friends outside of school, church, and family. It will help develop self-esteem and physical skills. They discover what it means to be a member of a team and how to win and lose with self-respect. Children also need to be active every day; exercise promotes growth and improves physical and emotional health. The Office of the Surgeon General states that active children are at less risk to high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease as well as many cancers (Office of the Surgeon General, January 11, 2007). Growing up, my brothers participated in many sports activities...
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...[pic] FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE CONTENT: FOCUS QUESTION 1- HOW DOES TRAINING AFFECT PERFORMANCE • Energy systems • Types of training and training methods • Principles of training • Physiological adaptations in response to training FOCUS QUESTION 2- HOW CAN PSYCHOLOGY AFFECT PERFORMANCE • Motivation • Anxiety and Arousal • Psychological strategies to enhance motivation and manage anxiety FOCUS QUESTION 3- HOW CAN NUTRITION AND RECOVERY STRATEGIES AFFECT PERFORMANCE • Nutritional considerations • Supplementation • Recovery strategies FOCUS QUESTION 4- HOW DOES THE ACQUISITION OF SKILL AFFECT PERFORMANCE • Stages of skill acquisition • Characteristics of a learner • The learning environment • Assessment of skill and performance FOCUS QUESTION 1- HOW DOES TRAINING AFFECT PERFORMANCE • Energy systems: All energy is provided in the muscles in the form of the molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Chemical reactions in the body cause ATP to break down and release energy to the muscles for work. The chemical reactions are a result of a combination of oxygen we breathe and the breakdown of food, mainly carbohydrates and fats. The structure and breakdown of ATP: The ATP molecule has three phosphate molecules attached to it by high energy chemical bonds. One phosphate splits from the molecule and energy is released. The remaining compound is adenosine diphosphate...
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...Purpose | The rules and regulations in these handbook pertains to the proper conduct and discipline within the health and safety unit. | Scope | These will apply to all HSU Personnel, Staff and Cadet Medical Officers | | POLICY NAME: Health and Safety Unit – Standards and Protocols | EFFECTIVE DATE : QM USE | WORK INSTRUCTIONSLEVEL 2 | POLICY CODE: QM USE | PRINT DATE : QM USE | | DATE PREPARED: May 30, 2014 | DATE REVIEWED : QM USE | | ISSUE STATUS: QM USE | DATE APPROVED : QM USE | | | HSU GENERAL ORDERS | ALL incidents of injuries shall be reported immediately, whether suspected or actual, to RTD, Academic staff or HSU personnel as soon as possible. HSU shall accomplish the proper form for documentation and attend to the needs of the injured immediately. | | No one must give any false or inaccurate information pertaining to injuries or the physical well-being of any Cadet. | | Cadets must take personal responsibility for their own health and well-being at all times, and take proper measures to ensure that they remain in good health. | | The Health and Safety Unit shall facilitate the needs of cadets with minor illnesses and attend to their immediate recovery, within the bounds of its responsibilities, as outlined in the MOA with each cadet. | | Cadets deemed contagious upon discovery shall be immediately endorsed to the care of their parents or guardians or those suffering from prolong illnesses if they...
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...theories relating to Sports Psychology and performance, it can be evaluated that there are many possible psychological responses to implement a plan to ensure a student achieves there absolute best in the sport European Handball. European handball is team of 7 passes a ball to throw it in the goal. The game is quite fast and includes a lot of body contact, as the defenders try to stop the attackers from approaching the ball. (About Applied Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2007) With a game like European handball, a game plan will be needed as well as many strategies and a scheme to win the game will need to be set in place. There are strategies’ that not only improve my endurance and my fitness, but certain psychology strategies that improve my performance physically and mentally. If I want to take my game to the next level I have to be willing to take my training far beyond where most handball players stop. By over coming performance fears, injuries, stress and reaching certain goals there are many strategies that can be done to do so. (Quinn, 2013) Motivation, Anxiety and Arousal are the three main strategies that I used to improve in my performance. Getting good in a sport requires both physical and mental. You have to work hard on your conditioning and physical game to make it happening. A game strategy such as motivation is the best way to get you on top. Intrinsic motivation refers to motivation that is driven by an interest or enjoyment of the particular sport itself. And exists...
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...MANAGEMENT OF FRACTURES CASTS A cast is used to immobilize and hold bone fragments during reduction. It is made up of layers of plaster or fiberglass (water-activated polyurethane resin) bandages molded to the body part that it encases. Indications * To apply uniform compression of soft tissues * To permit early mobilization * To correct and prevent deformities * To support and stabilize weak joints Types of Casts 1 Short and long -arm cast for the upper limbs. : Extends from below the elbow to the proximal palmar crease. 2 Gauntlet Cast (thumb spica): from below the elbow to the proximal palmar crease. 3 Short and Long-leg Cast for the lower limbs. 4 Body Cast: Encircles the trunk stabilizing the spine. 5 Spica Cast: Incorporates the trunk and extremity. 6 Shoulder spica: encloses trunk, shoulder, and elbow. 7 Hip spica: encloses trunk and a lower extremity and can be single or double. Single extends from nipple line to include pelvis and one thigh while double includes both thighs and lower legs. 8 Cast-brace: External support about a fracture that is constructed with hinges to permit early motion of joints, early mobilization, and independence. 9 Cylinder Cast: Can be used for upper or lower extremity e.g. fracture or dislocation of knee or elbow dislocation. Complications of Casts * Pressure of cast may cause necrosis, pressure sores, and nerve palsies. * Compartment syndrome * Cast syndrome associated especially of...
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...Wellness: the new health goal • Generations of people have viewed health simply as the absence of disease • Health – typically refers to the overall condition of a person’s body or mind and to the presence or absence of illness or injury • Wellness – beyond the simple presence or absence of disease, wellness refers to optimal health and vitality – to living life to its fullest • There are two differences between health and wellness: o Health – or some aspects of it – can be determined or influenced by factors beyond your control, such as your genes, age and family history (for example, family history of heart disease or cancer) o Wellness is largely determined by the decisions you make about how you live. For example, eating sensibly, exercising and having regular screening tests. Enhanced wellness, therefore, involves making conscious decisions to control risk factors that contribute to disease or injury. (age and family history are risk factors that cannot be controlled. Behaviours such as smoking, exercising and eating healthy are factors you can control) The dimensions of wellness • Experts have defined six dimensions of wellness: o Physical o Emotional o Intellectual o Interpersonal o Spiritual o Environmental • These dimensions are interrelated; each has an effect on the others • The process of achieving wellness is constant and dynamic, involving change and growth • Wellness is not static; ignoring any dimension of wellness can have harmful...
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...That war, is speed or resistance. For years the go to workout style for health improvement has been aerobic workouts, commonly referred too as cardio. Now new evidence has surfaced that is proving how resistance training or weight training is more beneficial for you. While this issue does not affect professional athletes who specially train for their sport, it does affect your average joe who just wants to become healthier. Weightlifting and strength conditioning, will always yield a better result in terms of your health. Now of course exercising is usually based on an individual’s goals or needs. There may also be limitations...
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...Exams ~ Classes ~ Sports ~ Work ~ Friends ~ Dating ~ Family ~ Goals ~ Expectations ~ Peer Pressure ~ Responsibilities S t r e s s & T h e C o l l e g e S t u de n t Many people experience stress as they combine busy lives and the demands of study and or work while trying to also save time for friends and family. For some people, stress becomes almost a way of life. We all experience episodic stress – getting ready for a major exam, completing an important paper, perhaps getting ready for an important interview. However, a continuous “state” of stress should not become a way of life. We know that stress – over a prolonged period of time – can have increase certain health risks, to say nothing of the wear and tear that happens to relationships and general wellbeing. This simple guide uses materials adapted from several college campuses with active stress reduction programs. It explores the origins of stress and provides some basic ways to assess the level of stress you may be feeling and then suggests some easy-to-incorporate ways to decrease the level of stress. WHAT IS STRESS? Stress is simply the body's non-specific response to any demand made on it. Stress is not by definition synonymous with nervous tension or anxiety. Stress provides the means to express talents and energies and pursue happiness; it can also cause exhaustion and illness, either physical or psychological; heart attacks and accidents. The important Thing to remember about stress is that certain forms...
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...Theoretical Foundations: Health Health is defined as the general state of physical, mental, and emotional of a well-being. A healthy person is free from illness, injury, or mental and emotional problems that impair normal human activity. Health thus, entail the both the scientific and art perspectives of preventing diseases, prolonging life, promoting physical and mental health, sanitation and personal hygiene, control of infections and organization of health services (Lucas, 2006). Physical Health Physical Health is defined as the overall condition of a living organism at a given time. It encompasses the soundness of the body, freedom from disease, sickness or abnormality and the condition of optimal well-being. Physical state of health is deemed to be sound when the body is functioning as it is designed to function. Potential Threats to Physical Health in Workplace: Disease, Sickness and Abnormality Germs, bacteria, molds, and viruses may invade parts of humans’ bodies, attempting to infiltrate and use the body as a home or source of food. The consequences may not limited to merely cell destruction but more direly it involves expel of poisons and toxins that damage the body system. Cleanliness is one of the defense mechanism against disease. Withal to that, the body creates internal defenses against specific bacteria and viruses. Poison Ingesting the wrong material can poison a person. At times, poisons are subtle parts of the environment, for example toxic gas in...
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...Resource Links Wounded Warrior Resource Center The Wounded Warrior Resource Center Web site (WWRC) is a Department of Defense Web site which provides wounded Service Members, their families, and caregivers with information they need on military facilities, health care services, and benefits. It supports access to the Wounded Warrior Resource Call Center and trained specialists who are available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week by phone at 1-800-342-9647 or by e-mail at wwrc@militaryonesource.com. Advocacy/Support - Disabled American Veterans* www.dav.org The DAV’s 1.2 million members provide grassroots advocacy and services in communities nationwide. From educating lawmakers and the public about important issues to supporting services and legislation to help disabled veterans — the DAV is there to promote its message of hope to all who have served and sacrificed. Advocacy/Support - National Veterans Foundation* www.nvf.org Our Mission: to serve the crisis management, information and referral needs of all U.S. Veterans and their families through: * Management and operation of the nation’s only toll-free helpline for all veterans and their families. * Public awareness programs that shine a consistent spotlight on the needs of America’s veterans. * Outreach services that provide veterans and families in need with food, clothing, transportation, employment, and other essential resources. Advocacy/Support - Salute Inc.* www.saluteinc.org SALUTE, Inc. is a...
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...CONTENTS Title Page no. SECTION ONE: BACKGROUND 1 Introduction........................................................................................................2 2.1 Interpretation of Tina’s story.........................................................................3 1.2 Effects.................................................................................................................4 1.2.1 Effects of child abuse..............................................................................4 1.2.2 Effects of sexual abuse and emotional abuse...........................................5 1.3 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs................................................................................6 SECTION TWO: GUIDANCE FOR TINA 2.1 Definition of counselling........................................................................................7 2.2 Differentiation between counselling and support for learning problems.............8 2.3 Phenomenon of child trauma and its effects..........................................................9 2.4 Differentiation between parental involvement and parental counselling...........10 2.5 Learning intervention program.......................................................................... 2.6 Guidelines taken into account............................................................................ INTRODUCTION SECTION ONE: BACKGROUND One of the most important roles of an...
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...Nursing 122 Fundamentals of Neuro-Sensory nursing --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Review major structures and functions of both central and peripheral nervous system. (Carolyn Jarvis, Physical Examination and Health Assessment, 3rd ed., pages 688-692 Structure and function of the CNS and PNS --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Potter and Perry, Fundamentals of nursing (8th), Chapter 16 p. 210-211 Types of Data --There are two primary sources of data: subjective and objective. Subjective data are your patients’ verbal descriptions of their health problems. Only patients provide subjective data. For example, Mr. Jacobs's report of incision pain and his expression of concern about whether the pain means that he will not be able to go home as soon as he hoped are subjective findings. Subjective data usually include feelings, perceptions, and self-report of symptoms. Only patients provide subjective data relevant to their health condition. The data sometimes reflect physiological changes, which you further explore through objective data collection. --Objective data are observations or measurements...
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