... Vol. 16, No. 3, November 2003, 318 – 327 COMMUNITY-RELATED ISSUES A Conceptual Model for Empowerment of the Female Community Health Volunteers in Nepal SARALA SHRESTHA Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal ABSTRACT Context: The existing top-down approach of the training is not appropriate to empower the community health volunteers to produce a sustainable change in their performance. Objective: To propose a conceptual model that relies on Freire’s theory of empowerment education and the participatory action research methodology to empower the female community health volunteers (FCHVs) to increase their consciousness, competence and confidence in performing their job responsibilities. Method: The model explains the empowerment phenomenon as a process and outcome. As a process it occurs in the form of repeated reinforcement cycles with alternating activities of action and reflection and includes developing awareness, skills and confidence among FCHVs through small group activities. As an outcome, it results in the change in FCHVs’ performance in increasing contraceptive acceptance among the rural women of reproductive age group. Conclusion: It is hoped that empowerment of FCHVs will bring sustainable change in their performance and will consequently produce notable improvement in the health of women and children in particular and in the community in general. KEYWORDS Empowerment, community health volunteer, participatory action research...
Words: 3672 - Pages: 15
...NAMA : ERLY JANATANPM: 1106037826MATA KULIAH : DINAMIKAMASYARAKAT INTERNASIONALPASCA SARJANA HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA | | ------------------------------------------------- PENGGUNAAN TEKNOLOGI INTERNET SEBAGAI PUBLIC SPHERE DALAM GERAKAN DEMOKRATISASI DI RUSIA LATAR BELAKANG Pada bulan Desember 2011, lebih dari 100.000 orang berkumpul di Sakharov Avenue, Moskow untuk menyuarakan reformasi demokratis di Rusia. Ini merupakan demonstrasi terbesar sejak runtuhnya Uni Soviet sekitar dua dasawarsa lalu. Mereka yang berkumpul dan datang dari berbagai strata sosial ini menyerukan “Russia tanpa Putin”, hal ini dipicu oleh kecurangan yang disinyalir terjadi pada pemilihan parlemen tanggal 4 Desember 2011. Demonstrasi ini menarik karena gerakan tersebut bukanlah gerakan yang diorganisir oleh partai politik ataupun organisasi masyarakat. Berkumpulnya ratusan ribu demonstran yang umumnya kaum muda berpendidikan dan berasal dari kelas menengah ini diorganisir oleh seorang blogger, yang mengkampanyekan anti korupsi secara online. Alexei Navalny, 35 tahun, adalah seorang aktivis di dunia maya. Ia menggunakan internet sebagai sebuah kekuatan baru dalam menyuarakan kritik terhadap pemerintah Russia. Sejak terpilihnya Putin untuk kedua kalinya pada tahun 2004 sebagai Presiden Rusia, berbagai praktik dan kebijakan yang ditujukan untuk memastikan posisi dominan diri dan partainya terlihat jelas. Undang-undang pemilihan umum dirubah sedemikian rupa agar mengarah pada bentuk...
Words: 3859 - Pages: 16
...BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1. Latar Belakang Setiap perusahaan yang menjalankan aktivitasnya baik yang bergerak di bidang jasa maupun barang, pastinya memiliki tujuan pemasaran yang sama yaitu menciptakan barang atau jasa yang sesuai dengan keinginan dan kebutuhan konsumen, sehingga pada akhirnya konsumen merasa puas dengan hasil produksi. Setelah proses produksi terselesaikan, akan berlanjut dengan aktivitas pemasaran. Agar proses pemasaran dapat berjalan dengan baik, maka dibutukan berbagai aktivitas pendukung seperti : 1. Membangun hubungan yang akrab dengan konsumen 2. Terus menerus melakukan pembaharuan dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan konsumen/menangkap kembali nilai dari pelanggan 3. Mengetahui feedback apa yang didapat dari konsumen menganai produk yang dipasarkan 4. Membentuk aktivitas pemasaran yang baru Membentuk era pemasaran yang baru dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor diantaranya adalah: 1. The Uncertain Economic Environment 2. The Digital Age 3. Rapid Globalization 4. Sustainable Marketing-The Call for More Social Responsibility 5. The Growth of Not-for-Profit Marketing Untuk membentuk era pemasaran yang baru yang sesuai dengan harapan dan keinginan maka kita harus bisa memahami faktor-faktor yang ada didalamnya serta dapat mengambil suatu tindakan untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang ada yang dapat mengganggu aktivitas dari marketing tersebut. 1.2. Rumusan Masalah 1. Hal-hal apa saja yang memperngaruhi pembentukan atau perubahan...
Words: 3824 - Pages: 16
...Pembangunan Nasional/Ketua Bappenas Disampaikan pada Sarasehan DPD GOLKAR Tk. I Jawa Timur Surabaya, 14 Maret 1997 I. Pendahuluan Sesuai dengan tujuan mata kuliah ini yaitu, untuk membahas konsep-konsep pembangunan yang bertumpu pada masyarakat sebagai jembatan antara pembangunan mikro dan makro, maka pada kesempatan ini bahasan pokok yang akan disampaikan adalah tentang pemberdayaan masyarakat. Konsep pemberdayaaan masyarakat mencakup pengertian pembangunan masyarakat (community development) dan pembangunan yang bertumpu pada masyarakat (community-based development) Pertama-tama perlu terlebih dahulu dipahami arti dan makna keberdayaan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Keberdayaan dalam konteks masyarakat adalah kemampuan individu yang bersenyawa dalam masyarakat dan membangun keberdayaan masyarakat yang bersangkutan. Suatu masyarakat yang sebagian besar anggotanya sehat fisik dan mental serta terdidik dan kuat serta inovatif, tentunya memiliki keberdayaan yang tinggi. Namun, selain nilai fisik di atas, ada pula nilai-nilai intrinsik dalam masyarakat yang juga menjadi sumber keberdayaan, seperti nilai kekeluargaan, kegotong-royongan, kejuangan, dan yang khas pada masyarakat kita, kebinekaan. Keberdayaan masyarakat adalah unsur-unsur yang memungkinkan suatu masyarakat bertahan (survive), dan dalam pengertian yang dinamis mengembangkan diri dan mencapai kemajuan. Keberdayaan masyarakat ini menjadi sumber dari apa yang di dalam wawasan politik pada tingkat nasional kita sebut ketahanan...
Words: 12397 - Pages: 50
...US Official Development Assistance to the Philippines US ODA have played a large role in postwar Philippine Development and its influence to the Philippine economy has been persistent up to the present time. As it directs the Philippines and other developing countries towards economic growth through its ODA programs, the question now is whether this aid is really pushing for real development or is only pulling the recipient nations down to worse poverty situation for the advancement of US economic interests. Historical Background Historically, development assistance of US to the Philippines was initiated after the war of the 1940s. The 1946 Tydings-McDuffie act in particular provided for this postwar reconstruction and rehabilitation assistance in the form of compensation and other financial support to rebuild infrastructures torned during the war. US$400 million was given to the Philippine as payment for war damages and $120 million was awarded for the reconstruction of public roads during the period of 1946-1948. Though the assistance has started as early as 1940s, it was only in November 14, 1950 when the legal framework that establishes economic and technical ties between the Philippines and the US was created for the purpose of economic reconstruction on the part of the former with the support of the latter. This agreement provided for the following: (1) the US Economic Survey mission to the Philippines which would be responsible of gauging the economic...
Words: 2018 - Pages: 9
...N O R T H E R N T E R R I T O R Y D E PA R T M E N T O F H E A LT H Health Promotion Strategic Framework 2011 - 2015 www.healthynt.nt.gov.au NT Department of Health Health Promotion Strategic Framework 2011 - 2015 Background This framework provides a structure for describing the type of health promotion actions that are used across the Northern Territory. It enables a shared understanding of the actions that can be taken to improve health and wellbeing. It also provides guidance about embedding a health promotion approach into all planning processes, programs and service development across the NT. While this framework is intended to be used within the health sector, we strongly encourage other sectors and agencies outside of the health domain to use the framework. This framework should be used in conjunction with health promotion audit tools and other health promotion resources available in the NT, such as the Public Health Bush Books and the Quality Improvement Program Planning System (QIPPS). It is also designed to be used as a guide, together with other local, regional and national frameworks, policies, strategies and resources. Why Health Promotion? The World Health Organisation (WHO) acknowledges the growing evidence that health promotion and preventive health approaches are effective in improving overall health and wellbeing, reducing the burden of chronic disease and injury, addressing health inequities, facilitating the better use of resources and enhancing...
Words: 6391 - Pages: 26
...Future Trends in Health Care Chrisitna Gallas HCS/ 533 Steven Fowler April 28, 2014 Future Trends in Health Care The delivery of healthcare services is administered by a multiplicity of variances of different health care providers integrated to provide individualized services to the consumer of healthcare services. The healthcare system has undergone new forms of legislation and changes in billing practices, healthcare technology has innovated to support new improvements in quality, financial, and legislative regulations. The health care industry is intent on embracing new healthcare technologies, as well as new innovations in medicine, which precipitates the entire healthcare system. The healthcare system is great advocates through the past and present of healthcare technology to create a safe, quality-driven, individualized, and cost-efficient healthcare system. Additionally, over the past twenty to thirty years, the use of technology has allowed the patient and medical professionals to be able to endure several changes, not only in the medical field, but, in the patient’s environment also. Healthcare technology has evolved in such a manner that the individual is able to see the transformation in the organization through enhancement of workflow and operations. The decision-making process in the organization is also supported by innovations in healthcare technology, as more research can be supported through the internet which has increased in use over the past...
Words: 2011 - Pages: 9
...the most difficult experiences a young person might ever face when it interrupts school or other plans. It can create an emotional crisis resulting in feelings of shame and fear, and it may appear that you will crumble under pressures in your environment. The stress of how one would break the news to their parents might be even greater, and finding help may seem an impossible task. People might think that they can help others, or one might be too embarrassed to search for help. For the most part, when one sees teenagers raising children, we often think that the teen has been raped or is too mature for their age. For this reason, some totally miss the issues that one must have been exposed to in their society, the society of their home, community, school. There are many viewpoints as to why teenage females are having so many children out of wedlock. However, the facts are obvious—teenaged females are highly influenced by many social issues, but those with the lack of strong parental guidance, sex education, and positive mass media are more likely to have a premarital pregnancy. As one travels the globe, they will find that industrialized and developing countries have distinctly different rates of teenage pregnancy. In the online article, “Teen Pregnancy on the Rise,” Sipokazi Maposa says that in developed countries, teenage pregnancies are associated with many social issues: lower educational levels, higher rates of poverty, and no strong parental guidance in the teenagers life...
Words: 5919 - Pages: 24
...322 COURSE TITLE: COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION AND PARTICIPATION CHS 322: COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION AND PARTICIPATION Course Developer/Writer Chief Michael Wilson Ibet- Iragunima Rivers State College of Health Science and Technology Port Harcourt Prof. Afolabi Adebanjo School of Science and Technology National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos Programme Leader Course Coordinator Kayode S. Olubiyi School of Science and Technology National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island Lagos Abuja Annex 245 Samuel Adesujo Ademulegun Street Central Business District Opposite Arewa Suites Abuja E-mail: centralinfo@nou.edu.ng URL: www.nou.edu.ng National Open University of Nigeria 2008 First Printed 2008 ISBN: All Rights Reserved Printed by…………………………………. For National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island Lagos e-mail: centrainfo@nou.edu.ng ur/: www.nou.edu.ng Study Units The study units in this course are as follows: Module 1: Unit I: Unit 2: Unit 3: Unit 4: Unit 5: Unit 6: Community Mobilization Concept of Community Mobilization Rationale for Community Mobilization Steps involved in Community Mobilization Community Participation Rationale for Community Participation Formation and Organization of Development Committees Community Diagnosis Concept of Community Diagnosis Rationale for Community Diagnosis Steps in Community Diagnosis Methods...
Words: 15685 - Pages: 63
...Capstone: Strategic Management May 13th, 2008 Robert Gibson – Scott McDaniels – Jonah Nelson – David Stark Table of Contents: Strategic Profile 3 * Company Introduction Situational Analysis 4-15 * External * PEST Analysis * Porter’s 5 Forces * Bargaining Power of Suppliers * Bargaining Power of Buyers * Threat of New Entrants * Threat of Substitutes * Competitive Rivalry between Existing Players * Competitor Landscape * Alaska Airlines * Southwest Airlines * United Airlines * Air Canada * Key Success Factors * Internal 16-23 * Resources * Tangible * Intangible * Value Chain Analysis * Primary Activities * Secondary Activities * Capabilities * VRIN Testing * Core Competencies SWOT Analysis 24-25 * Strengths * Weaknesses * Opportunities * Threats Strategy Formulation 26-28 * Strategic Alternatives * Alternative Evaluation * Alternative Choice Strategic Alternative Implementation 29-31 * Action Items * Action Plan References 32 Strategic Profile: Company Introduction Alaska Air Group is made up of two principle subsidiaries Alaska Airlines and...
Words: 11505 - Pages: 47
...1. pilih 3 dari sepuluh distruptive technology dan jelaskan konsep yang dipilih a. mobile ‘Mobile’ dapat diterapkan penggunaannya secara “huge and wide”. Mobile technology terdiri dari 3 bagian, yaitu : 1. device. Nantinya akan terdapat device yang perkembangannya akan semakin samar jika dilihat dari sisi perbedaannya, yaitu seperti phablets dan fonepads. 2. Operating system (OS). Fragmentasi OS pada device akan dikemas ke dalam berbagai istilah yang menarik seperti : android ice cream sandwich. Hal ini karena operator nirkabel harus selalu membuat update terbaru pada OS nya. 3. Network and standart. Sudah banyak provider internet skala nasional dan internasional, dan untuk saat ini provider terbesar yaitu China. Mobile technology di masa depan Beberapa prediksi tentang perubahan mobile technology di masa depan : Penelitian mengemukakan sekitar 80% akuntan mengekspektasikan bahwa penggunaan mobile technology akan digunakan lebih luas lagi hanya dalam waktu 2 tahun kedepan. Diperkirakan 1,3 miliar orang akan bekerja jarak jauh menggunakan teknologi mobile pada tahun 2015 (International Data Corporation, 2011) dan pada tahun 2016, 38% dari pengusaha berharap untuk berhenti menyediakan pekerja dengan perangkat sebagai gantinya. Jaringan 4G dapat men-download film 800MB hanya dalam 40 detik - yang menjadi pertanda baik untuk data yang kekurangan bandwidth. Saat ini, ada sekitar 10 miliar perangkat yang terhubung secara nirkabel, dan diharapkan sampai dengan tahun 2020...
Words: 3384 - Pages: 14
...Contents Kandungan 2 Chairman’s Message 11 Operations Review 24 26 28 41 54 Financial Highlights Five Years Group Financial Data Board Of Directors & Profiles Statement On Corporate Governance Statement On Director’s Responsibility In Relation To The Financial Statement 54 56 64 Additional Compliance Statement Board Audit Committee Report Statement On Internal Controls 2 Perutusan Pengerusi 11 Ulasan Operasi 24 Pencapaian Kewangan 26 Data Kewangan Lima Tahun Kumpulan 28 Lembaga Pengarah & Profil 41 Penyata Tadbir Urus Korporat 54 Penyata Tanggungjawab Pengarah Berhubung dengan Penyata Kewangan 54 Penyata Pematuhan Tambahan 56 Laporan Lembaga Jawatankuasa Audit 64 Penyata Kawalan Dalaman 67 Peristiwa-peristiwa Penting Tahun 2002 72 Maklumat Korporat 67 Event Highlights Of The Year 72 Corporate Information 76 Group Corporate Structure 81 Directors' Report 84 Statement By Directors 84 Statutory Declaration 85 Auditors' Report 86 Income Statements 87 Balance Sheets 88 Consolidated Statement Of Changes In Equity 89 Statement Of Changes In Equity 90 Cash Flow Statements 92 Notes To Financial Statements 138 Group's Held Properties 144 Statistics On Shareholding 218 Notice of Annual General Meeting 227 Statement Accompanying Notice Of Annual General Meering 231 Form of Proxy 76 Struktur Kumpulan 151 Laporan Para Pengarah 154 Penyata Para Pengarah 154 Akuan Berkanun 155 Laporan Juruaudit 156 Penyata Pendapatan 157 Lembaran Imbangan 158 Penyata Perubahan Dalam Ekuiti Disatukan 159 Penyata...
Words: 89515 - Pages: 359
...Millennium Development Goal Number four (4) of reducing under five child mortality can be achieved by the Philippines, however, if the neonatal mortality rates are not addressed from its non-moving trend of decline, MDG 4 might not be achieved (http://www.doh.gov.ph/node/2664). Based on health statistics, the Philippines is one of the 42 countries that account for 90% of under-five mortality worldwide. Eighty two thousand (82,000) Filipino children under five years old die every year. Thirty seven percent (37%) or 40,000 of them are newborn. Majority of them (3/4) die within the first two days of life, mostly from preventable causes. The high mortality and morbidity rates in newborn are directly related to inappropriate hospital and community practices currently employed throughout the Philippines. According to the Department of Health (2009) that correct and appropriately-timed interventions given to the newborn during this period will benefit both the newborn and the mother as these will avert approximately 70% of avoidable newborn deaths (Department of Health, 2009). Studies found out that Philippine hospitals’ practices...
Words: 6901 - Pages: 28
...MONEY LAUNDERING AND TERRORIST FINANCING 16 September, 2012 Bangladesh Financial Intelligence Unit BANGLADESH BANK FOCUS GROUP Coordinator Mr. Md. Eskander Miah Deputy General Manager Bangladesh Financial Intelligence Unit Bangladesh Bank Member Mr. Rafiqul Islam Joint Director Bangladesh Financial Intelligence Unit Bangladesh Bank Mr. Kamal Hossain Deputy Director Bangladesh Financial Intelligence Unit Bangladesh Bank Mr. Md. Iqbal Hossain Deputy Director Department of Financial Institutions and Markets Bangladesh Bank Mr. Md. Ferdous Zaman Sardar Assistant Director Bangladesh Financial Intelligence Unit Bangladesh Bank Preface In response to the growing concern about money laundering and terrorist activities, the international community has acted on many fronts. The United Nations (UN) was the first international organization to undertake significant actions to fight against money laundering through adopting several conventions and resolutions. Following UN action, the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF) was formed by G-7 countries in 1989 as the first intergovernmental body which has recommended forty recommendations to combat money laundering in 1990. In October 2001, the FATF expanded its mandate to deal with the funding of terrorist acts and terrorist organization, and it took the important step of creating the Eight (later expanded to Nine) Special Recommendations on Terrorist Financing. These 40+9 Recommendations have been endorsed by over 180...
Words: 25043 - Pages: 101
...Journal of Transcultural Nursing http://tcn.sagepub.com/ Standards of Practice for Culturally Competent Nursing Care : 2011 Update Marilyn K. Douglas, Joan Uhl Pierce, Marlene Rosenkoetter, Dula Pacquiao, Lynn Clark Callister, Marianne Hattar-Pollara, Jana Lauderdale, Jeri Milstead, Deena Nardi and Larry Purnell J Transcult Nurs 2011 22: 317 DOI: 10.1177/1043659611412965 The online version of this article can be found at: http://tcn.sagepub.com/content/22/4/317 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: Transcultural Nursing Society Additional services and information for Journal of Transcultural Nursing can be found at: Email Alerts: http://tcn.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://tcn.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://tcn.sagepub.com/content/22/4/317.refs.html >> Version of Record - Sep 26, 2011 What is This? Downloaded from tcn.sagepub.com by Marty Douglas on September 27, 2011 412965 ouglas et al.Journal of Transcultural Nursing TCN22410.1177/1043659611412965D Commentary Journal of ranscultural Nursing T 22(4) 317–333 © The Author(s) 2011 Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1043659611412965 http://tcn.sagepub.com Standards of Practice for Culturally Competent Nursing Care: 2011 Update Marilyn K. Douglas, DNSc, RN, FAAN1, Joan...
Words: 12731 - Pages: 51
