...Assignment Topic: Conceptualization of Mass Communication Subject: Introduction to Mass Communication Institute of Communication Studies University of the Punjab Introduction to Communication: When an organization employs a technology as a medium to communicate with a large audience, mass communication is said to have occurred. The professionals at the New York Times (an organization) use printing presses and the newspaper (technology and medium) to reach their readers (a large audience). The writers, producers, filmmakers, and other professionals at the Cartoon Network use various audio and video technologies, satellites, cable television, and home receivers to communicate with their audience. Warner Brothers places ads in magazines to tell readers what movies it is releasing. But as you no doubt know—and as you’ll be reminded constantly throughout this text—the mass communication environment is changing quite radically. When you receive a piece of direct-mail advertising addressed to you by name, and in which your name is used throughout, you are an audience of one—not the large audience envisioned in traditional notions of mass communication. When you sit at your computer and send an e-mail to twenty thousand people who have signed on to a Listserv dedicated to a particular subject, you are obviously communicating with a large audience, but you are not an organization in the sense of a newspaper, cable television network, or movie studio. The availability of lightweight...
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...MODELS OF COMMUNICATION Models: • Aim to present communication as a process. • It is like a map, representing features of a territory. But it cannot be comprehensive. • We need therefore to be selective, knowing why we are using it and what we hope to gain from it. Transmission models - criticism The Shannon and Weaver and Lasswell model are typical of so-called transmission models of communication. These two models also typically underlie many others in the American tradition of research, showing Source-Message/Channel-Receiver as the basic process of communication. In such models, communication is reduced to a question of transmitting information. Although transmission models have been highly influential in the study of human communication, it can be argued that, although Shannon's and Weaver's work was very fertile in fields such as information theory and cybernetics, it may actually be misleading in the study of human communication. Some criticisms which could be made of such models are: The conduit metaphor Their model presents us with what has been called the 'conduit metaphor' of communication (Reddy (1979) The source puts ideas into words and sends the words to the receiver, who therefore receives the ideas. The whole notion of 'sending' and 'receiving' may be misleading, since, after all, once I've 'sent' a message, I still have it. The underlying metaphor is of putting objects into a container and sending them through some sort of conduit...
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...content you might put in a summary at the end of a report, but in APA style, the abstract goes at the beginning. In the abstract, you can say the following: The research question to be answered in this report is the following: How can I use interpersonal communication research principles to improve my communication? The three main ideas I am going to discuss are ____________, __________, and _________. In the conclusion, I evaluate my course learning and ways that I plan to improve my interpersonal communication in the future. III. Introduction (page 3) Tell the reader why you are writing the report. State the purpose or objective of your report and provide an overview of the subject content that you will explain. IV. Body (page 3-7) A. Main Idea One (e.g., Culture affects interpersonal communication.) 1. Scenario or Personal Example 2. Research Base (Explain and cite your textbook, supplemental research readings, or other scholarly articles from Communication and Mass Media Complete to support your concepts). (Transition from This Idea to the Next Idea) B. Main Idea Two (e.g., Listening affects interpersonal communication.) 1. Scenario or Personal Example 2. Research Base (Explain and cite your textbook, supplemental research readings, or other scholarly articles from Communication and Mass Media Complete to support your concepts). (Transition from This Idea to the Next Idea) C. Main Idea Three (e.g., Nonverbal communication affects relationships.) 1. Scenario or...
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...Review of Manuel Castells (2009), Communication Power. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. (571 p.) ISBN 978-0-19-956-701-1 To appear in Communications, The European Journal of Communication (2010) The book Communication Power can be seen as a successor of Volume II of Castells’ major triology about the Information Age, called The Power of Identity (1997). In his new book Castells focuses on the role of communication networks in power-making in society, with an emphasis on political power making. He defines power as ‘the relational capacity that enables a social actor to influence asymmetrically the decisions of other social actor(s) in ways that favour the empowered actor’s will, interest and values’ (p. 10). Power is not an attribute of individuals and groups but a relationship. This definition clearly is appropriate for networks and the network society, the main topics of this book. Castells’ main claims are that 1) communication networks are central to the implementation of power-making of any network, such as corporate, financial, cultural-industrial, technology or political networks and 2) that the programming of single networks and switching of different networks are the fundamental sources of power. He even states that network programmers (media companies, public institutions, publishers, editors, technicians) and switchers –such as Rupert Murdoch who links media, cultural, political and financial networks- are the holders of power in the network society (p. 429)...
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...In general, "media" refers to various means of communication. Media refers to communication devices, which can be used to communicate and interact among two or more people. Nowadays, the most commonly used media are Newspaper, Television, Radio, and Internet. Be it the pictorial messages of the early ages, or the high-technology media that are available today, one thing that we all agree upon, is that mass media are an important part of our lives. Entertainment and media always go hand in hand, but in addition to the entertainment, mass media also remain to be an effective medium for communication, exchange of information, advertising, marketing, and in general, for expressing and sharing views, opinions, and ideas. Mass media is a double-edged sword which means that there are positive as well as negative influences of media. Advantages : The common man gets the latest news within a fraction of seconds. The distance is not at all a barrier now. The news they get through media help them in their daily life a lot. We get the latest news in our home due to the television set. We can bring out the hidden talent, we can get public opinion about certain events, current issues. Television is quite popular because people can get easy overview from news. Television also entertains and educates people. Children’s knowledge increases by watching geographical channel, quiz programs and speeches by famous personalities of different fields. Radio has its own advantages...
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...A NEW WORLD OF COMMUNICATION Certainly, the first president of the United States would be awed by the power of these new media to change ideas about the world, perceptions, and even life itself. At the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of a new millennium, there can be little doubt about mass media's impact on the way the world works. Consider a few examples: The communist world collapsed, and mass media played a key role. In the Persian Gulf War of 1991, the American government seemed to be as much concerned with influencing the media as with fighting the enemy. Our politicians have spent hundreds of millions of dollars on television advertising; they are no longer judged by their ideas or leadership but by their ability to project a telegenic image. Athletes no longer seem as engaged in sportsman-like competition as they are in competing for huge salaries as mass entertainers. The 0. J. Simpson trials and the death and funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, have shown us that celebrities often command the world's media attention more than real issues of life and death for the planet. Most of us have had some direct experience with the impact of media on our lives, and we have witnessed their power in molding institutions and shaping events. What is still debatable, however, is whether that power is being used for good or for ill. In this discussion there are many sides-and that is what this book is all about. Without question, the mass media in America are unique...
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...Running Header: Introduction to Communication 1 Introduction to Communication Derrick Gordon BSCOM/100 January 17, 2016 Patricia Dolly Introduction to Communication Introduction With this assignment we will take a look at special issues that can affect communication. Diversity It seems that there has been a lot of focus and energy spent on educating people about the concept of diversity. This is a good thing. At its core diversity can be looked at as simply a form of enlightenment. It’s a way of looking at the differences in other people in a positive way. When you objectively examine varying cultures it makes it possible to learn from those differences helping to advance your self and maybe even your own culture. When you have the ability to look past biases it becomes easier to communicate more effectively. Diversity training helps to identify those biases and countermand them. Technology affects diversity just as diversity affect communication according to Shachaf (2008). “Results suggested that cultural diversity had a positive influence on decision-making and a negative influence on communication. ICT mitigated the negative impact on intercultural communication and supported the positive impact on decision-making. Effective technologies for intercultural communication included e-mail, teleconferencing combined with e-Meetings, and team rooms. Cultural diversity influenced selection of the communication media”(page 1). All is not lost. If used correctly...
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...and the Rise of the Culture Industries The Rise of the Cultural Industries - The Frankfurt School perspective, and the critical theory they developed, is different from that of the dominant paradigm (Frankfurt School = [and] Critical Theory) - Offers a response to, and critique of, the integration of mass communication into industrial capitalism • Media reinforced elites within capitalism societies • Mass Media enabled our domination - Before the advent of the mass communication system, culture was produced differently - Vaudeville theatre was popular before the rise of the culture industry • (Mass, Personal and Popular Media - Vaudeville is closer to popular) The Frankfurt School: Biography and Historical Context (Critical Theory) - Develops within the Institute for Social Research, based in Frankfurt in the 1920s (Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer) - Their perspective was marked by German fascism and American consumer culture - Was interested in the “social contradictions” of capitalism - We are going to focus on their theory of mass media - “The Culture Industry” = the standardized production of cultural goods (that are used to manipulate mass society into passivity) The Enlightenment and its Perversion - The Enlightenment is a way of thinking about the world that emerges in the 18th and 19th centuries - It challenges traditional ways of seeing the world, including those of the Catholic church and monarchies 1 Thursday, October 15...
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...Effects of Mass Media Tamarra Burnett HUM/176 2/3/2013 Erin DiCesare, Ph. D. Effects of Mass Media Introduction The 20th century has brought about major developments in the evolution of mass media. Developments such as the television, newspapers, radio, internet, and the cellular phone have all contributed to the evolution of mass media. This essay will discuss each development of mass media and how it has influenced American culture as we know it. Major Developments of Mass Media in the 20th Century The newspaper happens to be one of the pioneers of mass media. In its early stages the newspaper was handwritten during the 15th century. Newspapers has steadily increased since its earlier days, but a new form of mass media was on the horizon with the introduction of the radio. Radio was first introduced in the “early decades of the 20th century” (pg. 31). This allowed for millions of people to access anything from presidential elections to advertising. The next form of mass media to come was the television. Following the end of World War II the television revolutionized the way we communicated through mass media. With continual enhancements to the television like the VCR and cable television, this allowed individuals the freedom to record and view television whenever and however they wanted. It wasn’t until the creation of the personal computer sometime around...
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...Effects of Mass Media HUM/186 March 18, 2012 Rhonda Glasper Effects of Mass Media Mass media are the cultural industries- the channels of communication- that produce and distribute songs, novels, TV shows, newspapers, movies, videos games Internet services, and other cultural products to large number of people (campbell, p. 6, 2012). Over the last century there have been some major developments in the evolution of mass media. In the early 1900’s there was only newspapers and magazines there was no competition for the media market. With today’s technology we can now communicate with each other weather it is here on Earth or in Space. According to “Evolution of Mass Media" (2009-2010), “At the beginning of the century, the media consisted mainly of newspapers and various periodicals. Newspapers and magazines dominated the media in the second decade of the 20th century. In 1900, there was no radio, television or internet; newspapers dominated the media market, with virtually no competition. Today, using available technology, such as the internet, we can communicate with one another anywhere on Earth, or Space, instantly” (The 1900's). In the 40’s radio was introduced and became the dominate form of media. In the 50’s television came into play and dominated the media industry in 1950. Radio and print now had competition with television which provided the sound and picture all together. According to “Evolution of Mass Media" (2009-2010), “In 1962...
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...Ana V. COM-126 Historical need People live in a world of media and technology, making it our way of communication. Unfortunately, we are becoming more attached to these needs that our communication is lacking of reality. Therefore, "it is clear that mass-media influence our values, attitude, culture etc." (Enache, R., Pescaru, A., Stan, E., & Safta, C. (2010), p. 31). This media has a long history behind its back and has walked a long way to be transformed into this large communication connection we all live with today. Like all stories with a beginning, media started in the early years of 3000 B.C with the introduction of the alphabet, devised by the Semites (“Major Events in the History of Mass Communications”, n.d.). During this early era of media, not only the early form of paper was invented by the Egyptians, but the printing method was created. Johannes Gutenberg, with his printing invention, opened “the possibility of distributing identical messages to many people located in different places" (Bogart, 1991, p. 63) - this big step would really begin mass media, giving it a start to the printing production of books. A follow up century which would take a big leap in the media history is the Telegraph Era. From 1800s to 1900s the first telegraph line would be first introduced by Samuel Morse, along with the invention of the telephone and radio. These inventions took media development into a big significant time in which more and more people would gain...
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...Syllabus |Course: CMST 102: |[pic] | |Intro to Mass Communication | | |Instructor: Jason F. Lind | | |Phone: 360.416.7965 | | |Email: Jason.Lind@skagit.edu | | |Meetings: Online using Canvas | | |(https://canvas.instructure.com/) | | |Textbook: Baran, S. J. (2012). Introduction to | | |mass communication: Media literacy | | |and culture (7th ed.). Boston: ...
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...The Communication Process - communication : the sharing of messages - intrapersonal communication within oneself - interpersonal direct sharing of experience between two people - group communication small group organizational - mass communication communication from one person of group of persons through a transmitting device (a medium or channel) to large, diverse audiences Mass Media Definitions - mass media are industries or businesses that create and distribute the following to large numbers of people: songs, novels, newspapers - MM are key institutions in society that affect our culture, buying habits, politics, etc - MM are profit-centered businesses making money is priority #1 concentration of ownership The media are good and bad - At their worst the median can erode out quality of life - at their best help us understand events and trends facilitate connections with others shape our identity - media literacy is crucial we can have a say in the role media play in our lives Media Convergence - convergence refers to the appearance of older media forms on the ewes media channels - convergence also refers to newspaper, broadcast, and internet outlets existing under one corporate roof Models of Mass Communication - linear model : sender -- message -- mass media channel -- (gate keepers) -- receivers media messages - cultural model: culture: the symbols of expression that people use to make sense...
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...The internet has gone from sole scientific purpose in the 1950’s, to military use in the 1960’s, and now as we approach 2017 the internet is used on a daily basis worldwide. Not only has the internet progressed in a way that changes activities such as shopping, schooling, and more, but of everything the internet has probably had the biggest effect on how we communicate. We have gone from face to face communication, to sending messages through letters, and now we can communicate without leaving the comfort of your own bed. E-mails have allowed us to send messages from one end of the world to another and that was just the begining. Throughout the decades social media has become a big part of the internets technological advancement. It has allowed...
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...Mass Media Mass media are means of communication that are used to reach the general public for the purpose of creating audiences for information, artistic expression, and other kinds of messages. Although the word mass suggests large numbers of people, the term is subjective, with standards of measurement relative to the normal capabilities of a given medium. For example, 1 million books sold nationally is more impressive than a national television audience of 1 million viewers. The word media is also commonly used as an aggregate noun to refer to the entire industry, often because of a perceived homogeneity or sameness of point of view. Because the ability to reach large segments of the public is of great value in commerce, politics, and a society's culture, the mass media are usually controlled by corporations (as in the United States) or by national governments (as in China). The mass-media industry employs professionals to conceive, produce, promote, and deliver communication products that are specifically designed to meet the goal of attracting large audiences. These products may be sold as objects (such as books or digital videodiscs [DVDs]), exhibited for the price of a ticket or subscription (such as movies shown in cinemas or on premium or pay-for-view cable TV channels), or offered at no cash cost to consumers so as to create an audience for paid advertising (such as commercial television or radio broadcasts). Some of the mass media use combinations of these funding...
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