...China’s Great Wall Name: Institution: Course: Date due: Purpose of the Great Wall of China There are various reasons why the great wall was constructed. One of them was for security. That is because it was built with the aim of protecting the empire of the Chinese people from the war like communities and the Mongolians (Webster, 2008). Beacons towers, forts, and passes were also build and they were used to store foods for the military and they were also used as a means of spreading military information thus making them always alert. The wall also helped in the development of infrastructure and economic activities. That is because it helped in protecting culture progress and economic development. Challenges faced when building the great wall The constructors of the wall went through many challenges. One of the challenges is that it led to the deaths of very many people. That is because the work was very tedious and it did not allow them to rest and as a result some people were not strong enough to carry one thus they died. Another challenge is the foreign attacks (DuTemple, 2003). The attacks made the work to be challenging and slow since the constructors were always afraid of being attacked. They also got to live in fear since most of the times they were attacked when they least expected. The attacks, therefore, led to the deaths of very many people and at times some people were left with great injuries or even crippled. It, therefore, discouraged them...
Words: 322 - Pages: 2
...* Question 1 1 out of 1 points | | | You are faced with a work-related ethical dilemma. In deciding what action to take, you would:Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | Check legal implications and the company code of ethics, and then decide if the action is personally ethical. | Correct Answer: | Check legal implications and the company code of ethics, and then decide if the action is personally ethical. | | | | | * Question 2 0 out of 1 points | | | In a distributed leadership team environment, the role of the leader is BEST described asAnswer | | | | | Selected Answer: | the leader remaining in the position until the team is dissolved. | Correct Answer: | any member of the team becoming the leader at various times. | | | | | * Question 3 1 out of 1 points | | | Chantell is the manager of the claims department for a large insurance company. She has a one-hour meeting with her staff to explain the new claim form which the company will use next month. This is an example of which type of organizational communication?Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | downward | Correct Answer: | downward | | | | | * Question 4 1 out of 1 points | | | Javon explains a new policy to his staff which prohibits the use of office computers for personal e-mail. Several of the employees frown at the news and one staff member makes a sarcastic remark. Steve’s staff isAnswer | | | | | Selected Answer:...
Words: 1532 - Pages: 7
...challenging to change the way you speak a language, you just have to deal with what the employer wants from you or you will lose your job. According to James Baldwin, language “is the most vivid and crucial key to identity: It reveals the private identity, and connects one with, or divorces one from, the larger, public, or communal identity. There have been, and are, times and places, when to speak a certain language could be dangerous, even fatal” (650). Baldwin explains that there is a time and place that certain language should be speaking because language has fatal consequences. I agree with Baldwin, there is a time and place for everything. I also agree that language can be dangerous, even fatal. In James Baldwin’s essay, “If Black English Isn’t a Language, Then Tell Me, What Is?” Baldwin confronts the topic of “Black Language.” Baldwin states, “Language incontestably, reveals the speaker” (Baldwin, 648). The language one speaks can say a lot about a person. People may speak the same language, but it is always going to be different based off where the speaker comes from, what type of person the speaker is, what the speaker does as their career, and what the speaker has experienced in their life. Baldwin states that his argument has “nothing to do with language itself but with the role of language” (648). Language is key to communication; it allows people to exude their perspective on things. In Amy Tan’s essay, “Mother Tongue,” Tan emphasizes that we speak different languages...
Words: 836 - Pages: 4
...Ivarsson 1 Victor Ivarsson English 100 – 19 Professor Fisher Essay 4 – draft one December 9, 2014 Intro: The world we live in today is far more globalized than that of our previous generation. Before social media and other instant forms of communication existed, people did not need to worry about speaking a different language or the way it was spoken. Dialects and accents had little meaning because of the barriers that surrounded each community prohibited the inhabitants of much interaction with people from other societies. Today however, people can speak with each other regardless of location, which emphasizes the importance of the power of language. The negative consequences that come from this is that those who do not master a language perfectly or differ from perfect speech are discriminated against in the general community. A phenomenon, which writer Gloria Anzaldúa, who wrote the article “How to Tame a Wild Tongue,” calls “Linguistic Terrorism.” According to her, linguistic terrorism negates not only the speaker, but also the experiences and culture behind that person (Anzaldúa). Thesis: Although language can be used as a tool of power, the use of faulty and imprecise language negates the speaker and causes negative consequences. Body 1, Tan: An accent is an example of imprecise English, which causes people to make negative or positive assumptions about the speaker based on the information that accent reveals. Example: In Amy Tan´s essay “Mother Tongue...
Words: 1241 - Pages: 5
...“What do we say to the client who still insists on having a “native speaker” English teacher?” An analysis of the prejudices surrounding non-native English speaker teachers (NNESTs) and the obstacles for fostering cooperation between NNESTs and native English speaker teachers (NESTs) in ESL courses in Indonesia. Word count 2997 The spread of English across the globe in recent years had led to English being taught by many more NNESTs, a shift which has produced as many inconsistencies as it has benefits for both students and the teachers themselves. This paper will examine the types, level and origins of discrimination faced by NNESTs in the EF franchise of English language schools in Indonesia of which the author has 10 years’ experience working in. It will also assess the obstacles which hinder cooperation between NESTs and NNESTs within this context. The number of NNESTs is now at an all time high worldwide, fuelled by the rapid growth in the popularity of English language learning (Graddol 2006). Canagarajah (2005) estimates that NNESTs account for 80% of all English teachers, across both non-English and English speaking countries. Issues surrounding how NNESTs are viewed have become a hot topic for ESL school’s directors of studies, ESL students, parents of students (who want the best for their children, at the best price of course), NESTs and NNESTs (of themselves and each other) and not least the academics who write about the relative merits and demerits of each...
Words: 3490 - Pages: 14
...ANXIETY AND SPEAKING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE AMONG MALE AND FEMALE BUSINESS STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITI INDUSTRI SELANGOR Ayu Rita Bt Mohamad and Nadhia Dalila Bt Ab Wahid Industrial University of Selangor Jln Timur Tambahan, 456000 Bestari Jaya E-mail: ayurita@yahoo.com ABSTRACT This study explores the nature and anxiety of speaking English as a second language among male and female Business Degree students in Industrial University of Selangor (Unisel), Berjuntai Bestari, Selangor. This study attempts to identify potential sources of anxiety relevant to the students’ affective needs or concerns in an institution of higher learning through the use of an in-depth qualitative questionnaire. As the pre-administered questionnaire findings indicate, the differences in the level of language anxiety exhibited by the participants seem to vary by gender. Using various studies by previous researchers of language anxiety as a theoretical guideline for data collection and analysis, this study also discusses some of the influences or impact of anxiety-provoking factors on second language learning, along with some implications for further research on language anxiety. 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Anxiety is a negative way to present human feelings. When we are anxious, we feel nervous, worried, and fearful. We struggle, tremble, perspire, and our hearts beat quickly. In general, anxiety can be defined as a complex concept dependent upon not only on one’s feelings of selfefficacy...
Words: 7711 - Pages: 31
...LINGUISTIC SITUATION IN OLD ENGLISH AND MIDDLE ENGLISH PERIOD……………………………………………………………..5 1.1 THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUTHARK……………………………………5 1.1.1 THE RUNIC ALPHABET AS AN OLD GERMANIC WRITING TRADITION……………………………………………………………………6 1.1.2 OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE IN THE PERIOD OF ANGLO-SAXON ETHNIC EXTENSION…………………………………………………………7 1.2 LINGUISTIC SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE ENGLISH………………..11 1.2.1 LINGUISTIC SITUATION IN MEDIEVAL ENGLAND AFTER THE NORMAN CONQUEST……………………………………………….……….11 1.2.2 DIALECTAL DIVERSITY IN THE MIDDLE ENGLISH PERIOD.…...13 1.3 THE MIDDLE ENGLISH CORPUS……………………………………….15 1.3.1 GEOFFREY CHAUCER AND HIS LENDING SUPPORT OF THE LONDON STANDARD’S DIFFUSION……………………………………….17 1.3.2 THE ROLE OF THE PRINTING IN THE FORMATION OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE………………………………………………….…….19 1.3.3 PRINCIPAL MIDDLE ENGLISH WRITTEN RECORDS AS A REFLECTION OF ONGOING CHANGES IN STANDARDIZATION………25 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………….…………....28 REFERENCES………………………………………………………………….30 APPENDIX 1……………………………………………………………………33 INTODUCTION linguistic history english language The English language has had a remarkable history. When we first catch it in historical records, it is a language of none-too-civilized tribes on the continent of Europe along the North Sea. From those murky and undistinguished beginnings, English has become the most widespread language in the world, used by more peoples for more purposes than any language on Earth. The early part of the Modern English saw the establishment...
Words: 9916 - Pages: 40
...THE ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE This page intentionally left blank THE ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE SIXTH EDITION ± ± John Algeo ± ± ± ± ± Based on the original work of ± ± ± ± ± Thomas Pyles Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States The Origins and Development of the English Language: Sixth Edition John Algeo Publisher: Michael Rosenberg Development Editor: Joan Flaherty Assistant Editor: Megan Garvey Editorial Assistant: Rebekah Matthews Senior Media Editor: Cara Douglass-Graff Marketing Manager: Christina Shea Marketing Communications Manager: Beth Rodio Content Project Manager: Corinna Dibble Senior Art Director: Cate Rickard Barr Production Technology Analyst: Jamie MacLachlan Senior Print Buyer: Betsy Donaghey Rights Acquisitions Manager Text: Tim Sisler Production Service: Pre-Press PMG Rights Acquisitions Manager Image: Mandy Groszko Cover Designer: Susan Shapiro Cover Image: Kobal Collection Art Archive collection Dagli Orti Prayer with illuminated border, from c. 1480 Flemish manuscript Book of Hours of Philippe de Conrault, The Art Archive/ Bodleian Library Oxford © 2010, 2005 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including...
Words: 164520 - Pages: 659
...No. 2, summer 1994). Linda Harklau explores the differences between ESL and mainstream classes. The article is a result of an ethnographic study of new comer students in a San Francisco Bay area high school. Harklau felt that in order for ESOL students to successfully transition into mainstream classes the differences in instruction in the two types of classes must be identified as well as the advantages and disadvantages of both learning environments. Harklau conducted her study over a 3 ½ year period. The subjects were newcomers to the San Francisco Bat area and were all Chinese ethnic students. She chose these students for the sample group because they represented the predominant group in the ESL program. Her study consisted of 315 hours of classroom observations, samples of homework, samples of schoolwork, school records, and 38 formal interviews. What Harklau found was that there were two significant ways in which the instructions differed. First was the organization and goals of instruction and second was the contrast in the types of social interactions that occurred in each environment. Organization and goals of instruction refers to how and written and spoken language was used, how teacher’s goals affected content, and how and to what degree feedback was given. Harklau found that while the mainstream classrooms offered lots of opportunity to get meaningful input and offered many opportunities for interactions in writing, there was very little opportunity...
Words: 619 - Pages: 3
...Myplace: The Place for Diversity Multimedia Analysis Jennifer Dockery COMM/315 March 19, 2012 Nikki Wetzel When we understand the visible and the hidden dimensions of diversity it increases our knowledge and understanding of the differences. Diversity brings out the different qualities in each individual which makes us interesting? We need to base what we think about someone by their hidden characteristics and not their visual, otherwise we are judging them unfairly. The way you look or the way you were raised is your visual characteristics and this is not the most important. However this is what most people base their opinions on. If you would get to know ones hidden characteristics along with their visual we could understand a person more in their diversity. Understanding the hidden Not only can diversity be seen there is some diversity...
Words: 749 - Pages: 3
...NOTES ON PERSONAL LANGUAGE LEARNING EXPERIENCE John Whelpton The reminiscences and reflections collected here cover almost six decades of language learning, from childhood in Nottingham, where I was born in 1950, through study at Oxford (1968-72), teaching English in Nepal (1972-74), working as a civil servant in London (1975-81), graduate studies and teacher training in London, Nepal, India and Manchester (1981-87) to the last twenty-two years when I have been teaching English in Hong Kong but paying regular return visits to the UK and to Nepal. I began the compilation early in 1997, when I was teaching only part-time and occupied mainly with an intensive course in Cantonese and with work for an M.A. in Applied Linguistics. At the suggestion of my course director, Professor David Nunan, I had decided that my M.A.dissertation would be a diary study of my efforts with Cantonese and I needed a summary of my previous language learning experience as part of the exercise as well as for incorporation, in condensed form, in the eventual dissertation (completed in September 1998). I included any language which I had been formally taught for any length of time and also any others which I had worked at on my own over long periods, but not those which I occasionally looked at just out of linguistic interest or to learn a few phrases for short holiday trips. Earlier drafts were circulated to friends and colleagues...
Words: 16202 - Pages: 65
...1998(2), 18-23 APPROACHES TO DIGLOSSIA IN THE CLASSROOM: THE MIDDLE WAY David Deterding INTRODUCTION The concept of diglossia was developed by Ferguson (1959). It describes a situation where two languages or language varieties occur side by side in a community, and each has a clear range of functions. One of these varieties, the Hvariety (standing for 'High'), is adopted as the standard variety and is used in official situations, such as government broadcasts, religious services, and teaching; and the other, the L-variety (for 'Low'), is used in informal situations, such as local markets and conversations between friends. The focus of this article is to discuss how the concept of diglossia might be appropriate to describe the Singapore English-speaking community, and to consider what approaches can be adopted by teachers towards the use of the L-variety in schools. Examples of diglossia that have been widely quoted are: the Arabic community, where each region has its own colloquial variety, but classical Arabic is still taught in schools and is regarded by many as “more beautiful” and therefore more appropriate for written texts; the Swiss-German community, where all children learn Standard German in schools, and most books and newspapers are in Standard German, but the people continue to use the local Swiss-German dialect on an everyday basis; the Tamil community, where the language taught in classrooms and used in literature is sharply different from the colloquial variety...
Words: 2101 - Pages: 9
...OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE DURING THE DARK AGES ABSTRACT This period extends from about 450 to 1066 A.D. The sources of Old English literature, as we know it, are rooted in their Teutonic origins and were evolved by the spirit that drove the times. In addition to reflecting the violence of the age, however, Old English literature also provides insight into the hearts and souls of a culture that had a strong attachment to nature; where loyalty and honor were more important than life. And for a culture that did not believe in the immortality of the human soul. Beowulf is the oldest and longest known poem of the Old English period. The passionate struggle between Beowulf and the sea monster Grendel is a reflection of the struggle between man and the forces of nature. INTRODUCTION The Medieval Times encompass one of the most turbulent periods in the History of England and scatter the Medieval History books and other historical documents. Middle Ages embraced two quite different periods of literary history, the Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) and the Middle English, sharply divided from each other by the Norman duke William´s conquest of the island in 1066. Both English culture and the English language changed radically in the years following this event, and English literature was given a new spirit. (The Norton Anthology of English Literature) Old English was the West Germanic language spoken in the area now known as England between the 5th and 11th centuries. Anglo-Saxon...
Words: 1003 - Pages: 5
...Aljazeera and the logo of the network is at the left side of the word, it's noticeable because it's written in a big font size and a special font style. A big network like Aljazeera need for sure to be updated frequently add on the argent news happening must be included in the website, the website has allot of parts and each part talks about a special kind of news for example the wither, sports, and watch live, those areas are a sensitive information's and must be updated as soon as an information is received to the network responsible employees, looking at the website Aljazeera didn’t miss that point at all, the information's are being updated frequently. At first the audience of Aljazeera was just Arab world, but at November 2006 Aljazeera English has been lunched the target audience after that is all the world with its deferent Taste and backgrounds Aljazeera nowadays gives almost all the news that each one around the world would need, it's almost nothing there you are not interested in. Aljazeera has no any obvious bias or slant to the information it has been always with the truth and human rights and it's taking it as a lead to its perfection, actually Aljazeera has an awards proofing that, and it's giving both sides Opinions which is fair enough. There are allot of information's are available in the websites and it could satisfy almost all the videos of the website, actually the website is sectioned in to the type of the news are provided there, and they are news(internationally...
Words: 357 - Pages: 2
...English 1020-L22 November 3, 2013 Cultural Analysis-“From Silence to Words: Writing as Struggle” “From Silence to Words: Writing as Struggle” is an essay written by Min-Zhan Lu, in which she describes the effects, both positive and negative, she experienced while trying to obtain somewhat of a balance, between the learning techniques and language forced on to her and her sisters by their parents, and the education and language taught and enforced by their country, China. Lu describes the emotional strain, confusion, and the political persecution she experienced, beginning at the young, tender age of four years old, the year after the Communist Revolution of 1949. For many years, the only memories Lu had were of the many hardships she faced during the years of getting her education, which made it difficult to recall the benefits of her education. While writing this essay, Lu was forced to reflect over these particular years of her life and the effects it had on her, both good and bad. She finally realized that as hard as it was to endure these hardships, personal benefits resulted from these difficult times as well. Lu explains her revelation by stating, “My understanding of my education was so dominated by memories of confusion and frustration that I was unable to reflect on what I could have gained from it” (148). One of the benefits Lu gained was growth, in both her reading and writing skills, by persevering through the confusion and frustration during that time. ...
Words: 1370 - Pages: 6
