...Topic 1 Introduction to Communication 1.1 WHAT IS COMMUNICATION? Communication is a learned skill. Communication is defined as the giving, receiving or exchanging of information, opinions or ideas so that the message is completely understood by everybody involved. The sender sends a message out with a certain intention in mind. The receiver of the message tries to understand and interpret the message sent. He then gives feedback to the original sender who, in turn, interprets the feedback. This process, repeated continuously, constitutes communication. ➢ Elements in Communication There are several major elements in the communication process - a sender, message, channel, receiver, feedback, context. There is both a speaker’s intention to convey a message and a listener’s reception of what has been said. If you want to get your message across accurately, you need to consider three things: - The message; - The audience or receiver; and - How the message is likely to be received. ➢ Factors Affecting Communication Barriers to effective communication:- (a) Status/Role (b) Cultural Differences (c) Choice of Communication Channels (d) Length of Communication (e) Use of Language (f) Disabilities (g) Known or Unknown Receiver (h) Individual Perceptions/Attitudes/Personalities (i) Atmosphere/Noise/Distraction (j) Clarity of Message (k) Lack of Feedback 1.2 DEFINING WRITTEN COMMUNICATION - Oral communication involves conveying ideas, thoughts or information...
Words: 8810 - Pages: 36
...Arabic and English Narrative Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for RELC Journal can be found at: Email Alerts: http://rel.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://rel.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://rel.sagepub.com/content/31/2/45.refs.html Downloaded from rel.sagepub.com at SIMON FRASER LIBRARY on March 28, 2011 45 TEXTURE AND CULTURE: COHESION AS A MARKER OF RHETORICAL ORGANISATION IN ARABIC AND ENGLISH NARRATIVE TEXTS AYISHA H. MOHAMED Police Training College in Abu Dhabi and MAJZOUB R. OMER College of Girls’ Education in Tabuk Abstract This paper claims that the differences at the cultural level between the Arabic-speaking and the English-speaking communities have a direct effect on the rhetorical organisation of Arabic and English texts as evident in the different ways in which cohesive devices are used. It is suggested that the two speech communities differ along the following cultural dimensions: oralised v. literate, collectivism v. individualism, high-contact v. low-contact, and reader-responsible v. writer-responsible. In order to test the influence of these cultural differences on the use of cohesive devices on written texts produced in the two languages, translationally-equivalent parallel texts comprising three Arabic short stories and their English translations...
Words: 10090 - Pages: 41
...discussion, dyadic work, and peer review, to name a few, all of which minimize lecturing. In-class participation has become increasingly important with millennial generation students who demand more interaction from their classroom experience (Allred & Swenson, 2006; Howe & Strauss, 2000). In particular, Tony VN. Figuera of Mindanao Times (2006) stated that the inability of students to argue in class and their phobia for oral exams are only two of the discrepant behaviors that educators observe in school. This attitude of not being able to communicate also extends to the failures of the students to develop writing skill. It is for this purpose that this study was conducted. Most of the people said that if a student is active in oral communication, he is passive in writing. However, with the theory of Tony VN. Figuera, the researchers would like to know which presumption is consistent, accurate and factual. We...
Words: 6383 - Pages: 26
...should possess. However, many business employees, including recent college graduates, have serious writing deficiencies, especially in their ability to use standard English. As a result, American businesses spend billions of dollars annually to remediate these writing deficiencies (College Board, the National Commission on Writing for America’s Families, Schools, and Colleges, 2004). In this article, the authors examine possible reasons for these deficiencies and offer evidence that a modified context-based approach, the glossing approach, and consistent error marking can reduce the number of sentence-level errors students make. Keywords: context-based approach, grammar, punctuation, rules-based approach, writing deficiencies Copyright © 2007 Heldref Publications T hat many employers in the United States are dissatisfied with their employees’ writing skills is not a surprise to individuals who frequently peruse the professional literature in nearly any academic field or discipline (Gray, Emerson, & MacKay, 2005; Wise, 2005). Although the expressions of dismay are frequent and often strong, educators have done little to rectify the situation. Costs of Employees’ Poor Writing Skills material to decipher the intended meaning; and (c) the outcome when an incorrect decision is made because of poorly or ineffectively written material. Employers in the public sector have reported similar writing deficiencies among their employees. A 2005 NCW publication summarized feedback from the human...
Words: 3946 - Pages: 16
...Appraising Internationality in Spanish Communication Journals ´ david ferna ndez-quijada This article explores how journals published in a language other than English achieve a degree of internationality and can increase our knowledge of scientific publication patterns. This author offers a case study focused on Spanish communication journals from a sample of 1182 articles published from 2007 to 2009. The article examines three variables in this sample: the number of non-Spanish scholars, the use of languages other than Spanish, and how often non-Spanish journals are referred to. The results show that (a) these journals find it difficult to attract foreign scholars, (b) open-language policies have had a limited effect, and (c) internationality is constrained to the Spanish geolinguistic region. Keywords: internationality, local journals, Spanish scholarly journals, journal evaluation, communication sciences introduction The impact of published research is measured by means of well-established tools; one such tool is the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). However, in the field of communication studies — and in fact in all the social sciences — the SSCI does not take account of all the research published; this is particularly visible in cases where research is published in languages other than English. For example, in 2009, only 81 out of the 1585 articles (5.11 per cent) indexed in the Communication category of the SSCI were not written in English. In the context of these facts,...
Words: 5814 - Pages: 24
...A language is a systematic means of communication by the use of sounds or conventional symbols. It is the code we all use to express ourselves and communicate to others. It is a communication by word of mouth. It is the mental faculty or power of vocal communication. It is a system for communicating ideas and feelings using sounds, gestures, signs or marks. Any means of communicating ideas, specifically, human speech, the expression of ideas by the voice and sounds articulated by the organs of the throat and mouth is a language. This is a system for communication. A language is the written and spoken methods of combining words to create meaning used by a particular group of people. Language, so far as we know, is something specific to humans, that is to say it is the basic capacity that distinguishes humans from all other living beings. Language therefore remains potentially a communicative medium capable of expressing ideas and concepts as well as moods, feelings and attitudes. A set of linguists who based their assumptions of language on psychology made claims that language is nothing but ‘habit formation’. According to them, language is learnt through use, through practice. In their view, ‘the more one is exposed to the use of language, the better one learns’. Written languages use symbols (characters) to build words. The entire set of words is the language’s vocabulary. The ways in which the words can be meaningfully combined is defined by the language’s syntax...
Words: 1165 - Pages: 5
...Level of English Proficiency and Communication Skills among BSHRM CSTA Students: an Assessment A Thesis Proposal Presented to the Faculty of the Colegio De Sta. Teresa De Avila Foundation Inc. In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of Degree Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management By: Wendell Galapate Mau Bryan Calimlim Alvin Pancito Robert Charles Magno Rodrigo Tinaja Jr. Heizel Bisnan Lea Sojor Jenelyn Soriano Aisha Valencia Clarisse Hipolito Ian Victo APPROVAL SHEET In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management, this thesis proposal entitled “LEVEL OF ENGLISH PROFICIENCY AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS AMONG BSHRM STUDENTS: AN ASSESSMENT has been prepared and submitted by Wendell Galapate, Mau Bryan, Alvin Pancito, Robert Charles Magno,RodrigoTinojaJr., , , are hereby recommended for this deliberation. Edelitha L. Dancel Thesis Adviser Approved as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management by the panelists. _________________________ ___________________________ PanelistPanelist _________________________ Panelist Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Several people played an important...
Words: 10771 - Pages: 44
...Introduction 1. Human beings are social animals. We meet people and make friends throughout our life. However, building a positive relationship is not an accident; it requires understanding and efforts, and is an art to be learned and practiced. Learning, developing, expanding, and improving interpersonal skills and competencies are essential for future success. This course prepares students for their future by helping them improve themselves and their relationships with family members, friends, classmates, co-workers and even people who may be perceived as difficult. Aims & Objectives 2 This course aims at increasing students’ knowledge and understanding of basic human communication principles, identifying their strengths and weaknesses in intrapersonal and interpersonal communication, developing skills to achieve positive relationships with significant others and people around them. 2.2 By the end of the course, students should be able to: 2.2.1 understand the concept of self; 2.2.2 know themselves throughout the life span and personality types; 2.2.3 identify emotion and feelings and develop appropriate skills to express them; 2.2.4 clarify values and understand moral development; 2.2.5 develop better listening skills and master basic skills of giving and receiving responses; 2.2.6 understand features of healthy relationship and identify skills for managing conflicts; 2.2.7 strengthen family relationship; ...
Words: 1451 - Pages: 6
...people can have communication difficulties for that reason it is important to be sensitive to the needs of other adults when communicating with them. It is important to assess the situation to establish if the individual needs adaptations making to enable them to communicate effectively. When talking to someone who has a hearing impairment it is important to face the individual and maintain eye contact this allows where possible for the individual to lip read so they can understand what you are saying. It is important to speak slowly and clearly to give the individual adequate time to process the information. Individuals with hearing impairments sometimes use signing to communicate with others: it is important...
Words: 464 - Pages: 2
...Ashley Fuell Marissa Campbell English 121 May 6, 2014 Is Texting Making Us Dumb? Almost everyone I know over the age of twelve years old owns a cellphone and uses it to communicate through text message. Add to that the large amount of people who use email and social media, and it’s clear that we depend a lot on technology to communicate with each other. In order to make these methods more efficient and immediate, a form of tech speak has developed and due to frequent, constant use, has begun to creep into the school classrooms. Tech speak is a form of slang that shortens words to make text messaging faster. It also includes emoticons, a way of using punctuation marks to make a picture of a face or whatever the user wants to form. Technology is making us bad spellers with the use of spell checkers and autocorrect. This texting lingo is also damaging our youth’s written language skills because students are finding it increasingly difficult to switch between using tech speak and proper grammar. Further, texting is hindering students’ abilities to focus in class, hurting their grades. Finally, college entrance officers are reporting application essays with tech speak and acronym shortcuts being submitted by prospective students that end up causing the student to be denied entrance to the college. Tech speak is becoming increasingly more evolved and complex in its own way. Students who use tech speak, or texting lingo, tend to ignore punctuation and capitalization rules, use...
Words: 1848 - Pages: 8
...bring an effective compression in any kind of writing for example in business communication. When we have to write a lot with in limitation of time and space there these kinds of words can prove quite handy. INTRODUCTION One-word substitution, as the phrase indicates itself, is the words that replace a group of words. It is used to replace a full sentence effectively without creating any kind of ambiguity in the meaning of the sentences. It is very important to write precisely and speak in a single word. Generally we speak or write in a garrulous way. But, it is seen that precise words are always understood easily by all. At times we become verbose but sometimes the verbosity is not required and we are required to talk or speak precisely. NEED That a learner of the English language (or, for that matter, any language) needs to have a good vocabulary at his command goes without saying. Appropriate words are highly elusive, especially when they belong to a foreign language. One word substitution is required for effective communication in English. Word substitution is basically to switch or to change a phrase (with a few words) to only one word. By substituting word, we can make a shorter and more precise sentence. EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IN ENGLISH We need to keep in mind the purpose of communication for effective communication in the English language. The purpose of communication Issue, receive, interpret, act on commands Maintain...
Words: 1351 - Pages: 6
...There are countless languages, words, phrases, and ways of communication. The way we all speak is different based upon our surroundings. Communication is a way of expression among people. The various ways of communication can also influence other individuals on how to speak and write. The various ways of communication do not matter if it is the same language or not because slang, text, or more can all be in the same language or in various languages such as Spanglish. Although, we mostly speak Spanish in my family, in various moments we tend to speak Spanglish. Spanglish is a form of bilingualism that consists of English and Spanish. Even though we include a mixture of English and Spanish we understand what we are saying to one another. “Language...
Words: 943 - Pages: 4
...has improved in every aspect of his skills and ability. However, he was not responsive to various kinds of corrective feedback. This is possibly due to the lack of follow up work he did during the lesson. Most of his notes were directly written into his computer, and homework assignments were rarely completed on time. Compared with the group, Junichi showed little improvement in written communication or grammatical accuracy. His reading comprehension has improved, but his dictation has deteriorated. These negative points all added up to a poor communication result in the second half of the term. Junichi is a motivated communicator and positive influence on the class. He was usually first to answer with constructive comments, and was competent in directing questions during meetings, negotiations, and presentation Q&A time. Junichi would benefit from a more...
Words: 817 - Pages: 4
...operationally as “the separate use of English and Filipino as the media of instruction in specific subject areas” and is working on the assumption that there is a certain degree of mastery of Filipino within the student (Espiritu; Isidro et al. 113). In line with the definition, the main goals of using English and Filipino as media of instruction are (1) to bring quality education, (2) to develop Filipino for exchanging of ideas, (3) to develop English as the international language and (4) to develop competence in both English and Filipino (Espiritu). Operating under these goals and since learning involves the teacher and the student, the implementation of bilingual education policy in the Philippines is beneficial for both the students and the teachers. The bilingual education policy plays three vital roles in student’s personal success. First is that bilingual education policy provides greater job opportunities for students after graduation. Because of the bilingual education policy, students will be more exposed to the use of English and Filipino in daily conversations and soon they will develop communication skills in these languages which they could use as an asset in finding jobs. Furthermore, according to Cloud, Genesee, and Hamayan, persons with more than one language of competence can handle specialized jobs compared to monolingual individuals (4). For example, local companies based in Manila would usually require at least good communication skills in Filipino, while multinational...
Words: 1051 - Pages: 5
...others. In this modern era, language changes constantly. The language that we use today is getting wider and wider. Nowadays, youth; especially students are fond of using cyber gadgets like cell phones and computers to convey their messages and through these, they learned how to cope and change the way they convey their thoughts and ideas in different forms. Indeed, English proficiency is one of the important things that we need to practice. The proper usage of both Filipino and English language is one of the important aspects of Philippine education. Correct grammar, syntax and pronunciation are the main concerns of improving our language proficiency to maintain an effective communication locally and internationally, but due to the continuous development of language, the emergence of Jejemon words became a phenomenon in the Philippines especially on its online breakthrough on April 14, 2010 at Pinoy Tumblr. Jejemons are persons who use jumbled letters, alternating capitalization, rearranging letters in a word, over-usage of the letters H, X or Z and mixture of numeric characters and our normal Filipino and English alphabet as their developed...
Words: 3305 - Pages: 14
