...2008, Premier League chief executive Richard Scudamore revealed plans for an idea that threatened to completely change the landscape of top-flight football: the 39th game. The main aspects of the 39th game plan are: ➢ An additional round of Premier League fixtures, extending the season to 39 games ➢ Four clubs to travel to one of five host cities, with two games taking place in each venue over a weekend ➢ Cities would bid for the right to become a host, not for individual matches ➢ Points earned from the games would count towards the final Premier League table The Premier League The Premier League is an English professional league for men's association football clubs. At the top of the English football league system, it is the country's primary football competition. Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the Football League. Besides English clubs, some of the Welsh clubs can also qualify to play. The Premier League is a corporation in which the 20 member clubs act as shareholders. Seasons run from August to May, with teams playing 38 matches each (playing each team in the league twice, home and away) totaling 380 matches in the season. The global appeal of the Premier League is massive. It now reaches a worldwide audience of over a billion people, which is just over one in seven people on this planet. It is thought to be worth over £3 billion just in television rights alone. The Premier League also has the most...
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...English Baseball League System The English Baseball League System, also known as the Baseball Pyramid, is a series of interconnected leagues for men's association baseball clubs in England. The system is hierarchical format with promotion and relegation between leagues at different levels, allowing even the smallest club the hypothetical possibility of ultimately rising to the very top of the system. There are 7 individual leagues (6 visible and 1 national sub-division). About the system The system consists of a pyramid of leagues, bound together by the principle of promotion and relegation. A certain number of the most successful clubs in each league can rise to a higher league, whilst those that finish at the bottom of their league can find themselves sinking down a level. In addition to sporting performance, promotion is contingent on meeting criteria set by the higher league. Structure and Promotion/Relegation Rules Barclay's Premier League: 20 Clubs Bottom 3 Relegated NPower Championship: 20 Clubs Top 2 automatically Promoted Next 4 Teams compete in Playoffs, winner gains third promotion spot Bottom 3 Relegated NPower League 1: 20 Clubs Top 2 automatically Promoted Next 4 compete in Playoffs, winner gains third promotion spot Bottom 4 Relegated NPower League 2: 20 Clubs Top 3 automatically promoted Next 4 compete in Playoff, winner gains fourth promotion spot Bottom 2 Relegated Conference Premier: 20 Clubs Champions Promoted Next 4 compete...
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...Development of Football in England The idea of football came from the medieval game that was known as mob football which included two villages that would play with a pigs head. The game had no rules which meant that violence was a large part of the game and they would play until people were dying or until people were running away. Balls were not invented so the people would use a pigs head and kick that around. King Edward II was the person to ban the game as it created too much violence within the people of the country. 1581 is the earliest account of football as an organised sport. It was played between elite schools such as Eton and colleges such as Cambridge and Oxford. Sides, positions, referees were introduced. The game was played on just and average field like what farm animals would be on and they would use the gates as a goal. 1848 – Cambridge Rules This club shall be called the University Foot Ball Club. At the commencement of the play, the ball shall be kicked off from the middle of the ground: after every goal there shall be a kick-off in the same way. After a goal, the losing side shall kick off; the sides changing goals, unless a previous arrangement be made to the contrary. The ball is out when it has passed the line of the flag-posts on either side of the ground, in which case it shall be thrown in straight. The ball is behind when it has passed the goal on either side of it. When the ball is behind it shall be brought forward at the place where it left...
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...The case of the English football league Simmons, Rob and Forrest, David The Department of Economics Lancaster University Management School Lancaster LA1 4YX UK ©Simmons Rob and Forrest David All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission, provided that full acknowledgement is given. The LUMS Working Papers series can be accessed at http://www.lums.co.uk/publications/ LUMS home page: http://www.lums.lancs.ac.uk/ NEW ISSUES IN ATTENDANCE DEMAND: THE CASE OF THE ENGLISH FOOTBALL LEAGUE David Forrest* University of Salford Rob Simmons** Lancaster University November 2004 *School of Accounting, Economics and Management Science, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, e-mail: d.k.forrest@salford.ac.uk. Phone: 0044 (0)161 295 3674, Fax: 0044 (0)161 295 2130. **(Corresponding author) Department of Economics, The Management School, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YX, e-mail: r.simmons@lancaster.ac.uk. Phone 0044 (0)1524 594234, Fax 0044 (0)1524 594244. Acknowledgement We are grateful to two referees, Tunde Buraimo and participants at the Applied Econometrics Association, Football’s Econometrics Conference, in Patras, Greece, for helpful comments on an earlier draft. 1 ABSTRACT This paper uses an attendance demand model with panel data on over 4,000 games to examine economic problems of fixture congestion in English Football League schedules. We find that televised midweek Champions League matches involving...
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