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Enthnicity

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Submitted By niuniuniuniu
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Caucasians represent the ethnic majority, while African Americans, Hispanics, and Asian Americans constitute the three major ethnic minorities in the United States (Julian, McKenry et al. 1994). Caucasians are American citizens who have origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa (Bhopal and Donaldson 1998). African Americans refer to American citizens who have ancestry from any of the native populations of Sub – Saharan African (Logan, Deane et al. 2003).Hispanics are American citizens who have origins in any country of Latin America and the Iberian peninsula (Watson, Kumar et al. 1993). Asian Americans are American citizens of Asian descent ((Kim 1999). Generally speaking, the four ethnic groups have the following distinctions respectively. Caucasians have been characterized by an emphasis on individualism, competition and future orientation, and the neglect of ethnicity as identity (Cokley, Komarraju et al. 2007). African Americans have the features of emotional vitality, collective survival, oral traditions and interdependence (White 1984). Hispanics are characterized by high levels of interdependence, conformity, a readiness to sacrifice for the welfare of in-group members, flexible attitudes toward time and obedience to people in authority (Marín and Marín 1991). Asian Americans have been described as reflecting an emphasis on the harmony in relationships, the precedence of group interests over individual interests, and the importance of fulfilling obligations (Uba 1994). As a result, the four ethnic groups also have remarkably different perceptions toward work ethic. And the different perceptions are significantly correlated to their corresponding ethic characteristics. Bhagat (1979) looks into the black – white differences in identification with work ethic. The research shows that, compared with their Caucasian

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