...New Trends in Training and Development: A Model Essay The main reasons for the rapidly growing demand for training and development are for self-enrichment and survival in response to the chaos of the current workplace. Employees are realizing that the knowledge and skills they acquired in college are becoming obsolete, and they need to constantly stay flexible, marketable, and competitive. Japanese companies are as committed as ever to workers training; and skill development. This will be helpful in combining over all organizational growth along with personal growth, which enabled fulfillment to the individual as well as the organization. Training used to be focused more on enabling an employee to perform his/her current job effectively and efficiently and the evaluation used to be based on whether it contributes to current strategic goals. Wachovia Corporation assesses the impact of training on the business performance of the company through meeting the expectations of the top management; development of evaluation strategy and data collection plans, improvement of work performance. The New Zealand's Advertising Guru states, "The single biggest waste of training dollars is when management spends money on training but doesn't understand why." He further quotes that "Investing in skills isn't something enterprises should do because someone tells them to, but because it's central to their future success." In the modern era as globalization and competition increase training systems...
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...Development Franchising as a Social Innovation: When Entrepreneurial Expertise is Lacking Isaac H. Smith David Eccles School of Business University of Utah Kristie K. Seawright Marriott School of Management Brigham Young University Contact: Isaac H. Smith; isaac.smith@business.utah.edu; (T) 801-518-2991; 1645 East Campus Center Drive, 22 KDGB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 Promoting entrepreneurship in “developing” nations has become a popular strategy for alleviating poverty and stimulating economic development (Khandker, 2005). For example, the worldwide proliferation of microfinance institutions is based on the assumption that providing individuals with better access to financial capital will fuel entrepreneurship and microenterprises, providing opportunities for people to work their way out of poverty. The results of such efforts, however, have been mixed (Snow & Buss, 2001), in part, because not all microfinance borrowers have the entrepreneurial skills sufficient to make a microenterprise succeed (Karnani, 2007a). Cross culturally, successful entrepreneurs have been shown to possess a different set of knowledge structures, or mental schema, than non-entrepreneurs (Mitchell, Smith, Seawright, & Morse, 2000). Interestingly, franchisees—often considered to be entrepreneurs (e.g., Baucus, Baucus, & Human 1996; Grunhagen & Mettelstadedt, 2005)—have been found to have entrepreneurship-related knowledge structures more closely resembling non-entrepreneurs than entrepreneurs...
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...International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 5, No. 6(1); May 2014 The Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Competitive Advantage on SMEs’ Growth: A Structural Equation Modeling Study Thongvanh Sirivanh Sasiwemon Sukkabot Faculty of Management Sciences Prince of Songkla University Hatyai, Songkla 90110 Thailand Meta Sateeraroj Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Office of Academic Promotion and Registration Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand Abstract The aim of this research is to analyze factors affecting on SMEs’ growth and to develop the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) of SMEs’ growth. The samples sized consist331 entrepreneurs in Lao PDR, instrument of research was the questionnaires 5 levels of Likert Rating Scale, the variables were Entrepreneurial Orientation, Competitive Advantages and SMEs’ growth. The result of this research were as follow: The factors Entrepreneurial Orientation has positively affecting on Competitive Advantages and the factors Competitive Advantages and Entrepreneurial Orientation has positively affecting towards SME’s growth with statistical significance. Keywords: Small and medium enterprises (SMEs), SMEs’ Growth, Entrepreneurial Orientation, Competitive Advantages, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Introduction Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play an increasingly important for market growth domestically and abroad, driving sustainable growth in the trading, production and service sectors...
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...The past thirty years have witnessed the most powerful emergence of entrepreneurial activity in the world. Entrepreneurs are now described as aggressive catalysts for change in the world of business; individuals who recognize opportunities where others see chaos, contradiction, or confusion. They have been compared to Olympic athletes challenging themselves to break new barriers, to longdistance runners dealing with the agony of the miles, to symphony orchestra conductors who balance the different skills and sounds into a cohesive whole, or to top-gun pilots who continually push the envelope of speed and daring. The U.S. economy has been revitalized because of the efforts of entrepreneurs, and the world has turned now to free enterprise as a model for economic development. The passion and drive of entrepreneurs move the world of business forward as they challenge the unknown and continuously create the future (Kuratko, 2002). Several methods have been used to measure the impact of entrepreneurial ventures on the economy—for example, efforts to start a firm (which may not be successful), incorporation of a firm (which may never go into business), changes in net tax returns filed (reflecting new filings minus filings no longer received), and a substantial amount of full-time and part-time self-employment. According to the Small Business Administration, 672,000 new businesses were created in 2005; the largest in US history (even 12% higher than the...
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...Entrepreneurial Attributes (EA) these are the attributes that are important at the early stages of the entrepreneurial process and can sustain an individual during those early stages. Entrepreneurial Values (EV) are the driving force for decision making. They have important implications not only for the decision to pursue entrepreneurship but also in the way in which the individual entrepreneur approaches a venture.. Entrepreneurial Mindset (EM) is a mental attitude which determines how an individual will interpret and respond to situations and Entrepreneurial Behaviour (EB) is referred to as new venture creation, firm birth or...
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...Factors influencing entrepreneurial intensity in communities Sibylle Heilbrunn Department of Business Administration, Ruppin Academic Center, Israel Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors influencing entrepreneurial intensity. More specifically the study addresses the following objectives: propose a way to measure entrepreneurial intensity within the community context in order to determine entrepreneurial activity over a period of ten years, detect the factors influencing the entrepreneurial intensity, and finally locate Kibbutz communities on the entrepreneurial grid. Design/methodology/approach – Kibbutz communities are the level of analysis. Using a comprehensive questionnaire, a sample of 60 Kibbutzim – constituting 22 percent of the population of Kibbutz communities in Israel – was investigated over a period of ten years. The same questionnaire was administered to the same sample Kibbutzim (Kibbutzim is the plural of Kibbutz) in 1994, 1997 and 2004. Collected data include number and types of enterprises, economic strength, organizational size and age, and features of organizational structure and culture. Findings – Quantitative data analysis revealed a significant increase of entrepreneurial activity of Kibbutz communities in terms of frequency, degree and intensity of entrepreneurship. Organizational size and age have an impact on entrepreneurial intensity as well as the existence of an “entrepreneurial vehicle.” On the entrepreneurial grid Kibbutzim...
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...c+ritical review of the article by nathaniel boso, vicky m. story and john w. cadogen: entrepreneurial orientation, market orientAtion, network ties and performance: study of entrePRENEURIAL FIRMS IN A DEVELOPING ECONOMY, JOURNAL OF BUSINESS VENTURING 28(2013) Page 708-727 ADISA AFOLARIN O, PRID 1303094 BE 951, MASTER OF FINANCE AND MANAGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………1.O MOTIVATION OF THE RESEARCH………………………………………......1.1 RESEARCH QUESTION………………………………………………………..2.0 THEORETICAL APPROACH…………………………………………………...2.1 EMPIRICAL APPROACH……………………………………………………….3.1 APPROPRIATENESS OF EMPIRICAL METHOD…………………………...3.2 FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION………………………………………………..4.0 FURTHER RESEARCH PROJECTS…………………………………………..4.1 MAIN CONTRIBUTION………………………………………………………….4.2 1.0 INTRODUCTION. This research studies how entrepreneurial firms evaluate performance benefit by simultaneously aligning high level of both entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and manager orientation (MO). It is relevant for firms operating in a developing economy context where these potentials are enhanced for business with strong social and business network ties. Entrepreneurial orientation refers to firms procluivity to explore new market opportunities and as such it manifest itself through a firms tendency to accept innovation, risk-taking, pro-activeness, competitive aggressiveness and autonomy (Lumpkin and Dess, 1996). Market orientation is defined as the implementation of...
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...THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL OREINTATION ON ENTREPRENEURIAL INNOVATIVENES: A CASE STUDY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTREPRISE IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA BY FATOYE, MUSTAPHA OBI 08S04/046 BEING A RESEACH PROJECT SUMITTED TO THE DEPARMENT OF BUSNESS ADMINISTRATION, FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, AJAYI CROWTHER UNIVERSITY, OYO IN PARTICAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BARCHELOR OF SCIENCE (B.S.C) DEGREE IN BUSINESS ADMINISTARTION (MANAGEMENT OPTION) JULY, 2012 CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this project was written by FATOYE MUSTAPHA OBI (MARICULATION NUMBER 08S04/046) in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of bachelor of science (B.S.c) degree in business administration (management option) of the department of business administration, faculty of social and management sciences, Ajayi Crowther university, Oyo, Oyo State. MR. P.A Akanbi ....................... (Project supervisor) Date DR. O.E Ofoegbu ........................ (HOD, Business Administration) Date PROF. S.O. Akano ....................... (Dean, SMS) Date .............................. ........................ EXTERNAL EXAMINER Date DEDICATION This work is dedicated to God Almighty who generously gave me the strength, health and other resources to successfully accomplish this research. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This period of my life had been a period of trials and revelation but...
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...developed with the objective to carry out an in – depth study of literature source on the entrepreneurial universities, its functions and development stages of universitie. As well as to understand classical institutions of higher education and entrepreneurial universities transformation oppurtunities. As part of the job was researched 2 universities – University of Twente (entrepreneurial university) and Ventspils University, as well as carried out interviews with 3 experts. In the research has been conscious the university development history, entrepreneurial model of universities, functions and viewed transformation opportunities form classical university to entrepreneurial university. The research paper ir valuable and useful for the both the authoress and Ventspils University, as well as other Latvias higher education institutions, because this topic in Latvia is little studied, as evidenced by the lack of literary sources. The study results indicate that Ventspils institution of higher education has the potential to become entrepreneurial university, but the most important factor in this process is inserting the entrepreneuship in to the staff and students minds. Each universities ecosystem is important, that creates a entrepreneurial environment and provides oppurtunities to build your own business. The authoress has concluded that the entrepreneurial universities promotes regional and also all economic development, because the universities have centres, of which new knowledge...
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... ABSTRACT Social entrepreneurship is a subject of growing interest for both academics and governments. However, from the quantitative approach, little is known about the environmental factors that affect this phenomenon. For this reason, the main purpose of the present study is to statistically explore the relationship between environmental factors and social entrepreneurship, as seen through a cross-country comparison and in the light of institutional economics as the conceptual framework. Linear regression analysis is used over a sample of 49 countries to study the impact of formal institutions (public spending, access to finance and governance effectiveness) and informal institutions (social needs, societal attitudes and education) on social entrepreneurial activity. The main findings suggest that, while societal attitudes increase the rates of social entrepreneurship, public spending has a negative relationship with this phenomenon. Contributions of the research are both conceptual, in terms of development in the field of social entrepreneurship from an institutional perspective, and practical, in terms of designing policies to promote social enterprise creation. Keywords: Social entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurial activity, environmental factors, institutions, institutional economics. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Conceptual framework 2.1 Social entrepreneurship: State of the art 2.1.1 Contents of existing research on social entrepreneurship 2.1.2 Methodological...
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...Leadership styles, entrepreneurial orientation and family business growth in Ghana. The research problem While the number of family business abounds in Ghana, one sees lots of these slowly dying and some going bankrupt (Wolf, 2004). The lack of continuity and growth in family businesses is a major concern because of the primary contributory role that family businesses play in the world economy (Lansberg 1999: 1). It is perceived that entrepreneurial activities in Ghana lack the dynamism and competitive edge of those in more developed countries (Saffu, 2004). One reason that can be advanced is the lack of appropriate leadership style and competencies to manage the family business enterprises in Ghana (Wolf, 2004). Researchers in the fields of organizational behavior and leadership have examined leadership styles and their effects on such variables as job satisfaction, job stress, role conflict, job performance and organizational commitment (Humphreys et al., 2003, MacKenzie et al., 2001 and Stock and Hoyer, 2002), in the context of the North American and other developed countries and has rarely been conducted in emerging economies with different cultural orientation (Fakhrul et al 2011), and the Ghanaian context is no exception in this regard. Globally, there is a dearth of research regarding the influence of leadership styles and entrepreneurial orientation on the growth of service sector businesses including private schools. According to (Kest, 2007) there is a lack...
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...Lecturer Lagos State University External System Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria. Abstract The main objective of the study is to investigate the intensity of entrepreneurship training and education as strategic tools for poverty alleviation in Nigeria. Using a stratified random sampling technique, 250 entrepreneurs and apprenticeships from five recognized local government areas in Lagos state, South Western Nigeria were selected as our respondents. Data were gathered through a self-monitored questionnaire survey. Simple regression analysis was used to test the relationship between the entrepreneurship training and education and poverty alleviation. Two hypotheses were postulated to determine the relationship between technical skill and youth empowerment and between personal entrepreneurial skill and social welfare services. This study confirmed that entrepreneurship training and education are significantly related to the youth empowerment and social welfare services. Findings revealed that youth empowerment are influenced by their acquired technical skill. The study recommends effective technical education, youth empowerment, and social welfare service as a catalyst for poverty alleviation. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Poverty Alleviation, Education. INTRODUCTION In Nigeria and other African countries, poverty is described as a socio-economic problem that affects growth and development in the region. The government...
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...survivalist response of marginalised persons with no alternatives.” The informal sector is a part of the economy that is not under the government control and therefore any business conducted in the informal sector cannot be regulated. This paper aim is to argue against the above mentioned assertions made by Cassim and Habib. Is it true that the participation in the informal sector is associated with impoverishment? Is it true that people engage into conducting business in the informal sector because they need to survive as they have no other alternative? These two questions serve as a foundation into developing an argument against the assertions made by Cassim and Habib about the informal sector’s participation. The argument reflects on the entrepreneurial potential and dynamics in the informal sector. This paper firstly discusses Cassim’s and Habib’s assertions to have a general understanding of what they meant. This is then followed by a brief overview of the South African informal sector and an argument against those assertions will be provided using useful example of informal sector participation’s contribution. Finally, a conclusion is provided summarising the paper. The following lines will brighten this essay. Cassim’s and Habib’s perspective of the informal sector Taking into consideration Cassim’s assertion, the informal sector’s participation is associated with impoverishment. This assertion is then reinforced by Habib, stating that informal sector’s participation is done...
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...entrepreneurship has been receiving more attention from government and educational institutions. Changes in the uncertain world economy have resulted in fewer job opportunities for college graduates, and in response, the government has sought to develop creativity among students through entrepreneurial activities and programs. The question now is, Are the increasing trends of changes and demands for entrepreneurship education due to the impact of globalization? To answer this question, this study examined the impact of globalization on trends in the demand for business and entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial skills in Malaysia. Questionnaire data were obtained from 306 participants. The participants were randomly selected from the population of administrators in higher education institutions in Malaysia. Data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics method. The findings show that there is an increasing demand for entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial skills, indicating that globalization has influenced the demand for entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial skills among university graduates. Index Terms—Globalization, higher education, entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial skills. I. INTRODUCTION Globalization has demanded a more competitive, knowledgeable, creative, and innovative workforce, and Malaysia’s education system has adapted to meet this need [1]. In the era of globalization, terms such as knowledge society, knowledge workers, and knowledge...
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...Disclosures About CSR Practices: A Literature Review Kavitha W * and Anita P ** Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is now prominent and evident more than ever due to the emphasis laid on businesses regarding environmental, social and ethical issues. The level of CSR activities of the firms is made known to public only through the disclosures. This paper reviews the literature on CSR disclosures and the effect of these disclosures. There are various factors which determine the extent of disclosures like the size of the firm, industry, high visibility, etc. Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is now prominent and evident more than ever due to the emphasis laid on businesses regarding environmental, social and ethical issues. This is because over the recent years, there have been social, political and economic pressures on corporate management to pay attention on social and environmental consequences of corporate activities. These pressures motivated the corporate management to actively participate in a wide range of social welfare activities. CSR now-a-days covers almost all issues like the use of child labor; inequality of employment; environmental impact; involvement in local community; products’ safety; company cultures; brand image and reputation. Apart from this, companies are now disclosing these activities in their annual reports, and one of the parameters to judge the performance of a company is CSR reporting. Corporate Social Responsibility ...
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