...Entrepreneurs typically learn from failure. “Develop success from failures. Discouragement and failure are two of the surest stepping stones to success”. In this respect, Dale Carnegie (2010) argues that one of the most important lessons from success is failure. It is interesting that Carnegie talks of failure being in everybody’s past, indicating that failure is not a process confined to the entrepreneur. The research undertaken for this paper has been concentrated on four different previous researches of Cope (2009), Ucbasaran et al. (2009, 2012) and Cardon et al. (2009). Attitudes toward failure are not homogeneous among entrepreneurs, however those who have experienced it are disputably more prepared for the battle of entrepreneurship. As a result it is beyond question to understand the deeply affective dimension of failure that include the loss of the venture and the personal loss. Cope’s paper (2009) stresses that learning from failure is not automatic or instantaneous but it represents an essential prerequisite for learning (Wilkinson and Mellahi, 2005, cited by Cope 2009). The learning entrepreneurial experience of failure is articulated trough a major “grief recovery” composed of three interconnected learning components: an initial hiatus followed by a critical reflection and finally, a reflective action (Cope, 2003). Thus, there are different ways in which learning from failure can be usefully applied and gives new opportunity of future success. Today’s major view...
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...Disclosures About CSR Practices: A Literature Review Kavitha W * and Anita P ** Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is now prominent and evident more than ever due to the emphasis laid on businesses regarding environmental, social and ethical issues. The level of CSR activities of the firms is made known to public only through the disclosures. This paper reviews the literature on CSR disclosures and the effect of these disclosures. There are various factors which determine the extent of disclosures like the size of the firm, industry, high visibility, etc. Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is now prominent and evident more than ever due to the emphasis laid on businesses regarding environmental, social and ethical issues. This is because over the recent years, there have been social, political and economic pressures on corporate management to pay attention on social and environmental consequences of corporate activities. These pressures motivated the corporate management to actively participate in a wide range of social welfare activities. CSR now-a-days covers almost all issues like the use of child labor; inequality of employment; environmental impact; involvement in local community; products’ safety; company cultures; brand image and reputation. Apart from this, companies are now disclosing these activities in their annual reports, and one of the parameters to judge the performance of a company is CSR reporting. Corporate Social Responsibility ...
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...The Sources of Entrepreneurial Opportunities: Individuals & the Environment Doctoral Research Paper 2 of 5 Nikolina Fuduric Doctoral Supervisor: Professor Anne Lorentzen February 2008 Department of Planning and Development Aalborg University Aalborg, Denmark 1.0 INTRODUCTION No extensive empirical study on the sources of entrepreneurial opportunities included the individual, the environment and the individual’s start-up activities in a post-socialist periphery. However, such layered approaches have been encouraged in theoretical studies of entrepreneurship. Bouchikhi (1993) claims that each approach taken separately has crucial weaknesses and neither the personality of the entrepreneur nor the structural characteristics of the environment illuminate the process. Thus, multi-leveled studies have been encouraged in research programs (Low & MacMillan, 1988). In my previous paper, I attempted to examine the different forms of entrepreneurship by using the interplay between individual personality traits and capabilities and the institutional environment. The goal of this paper is to examine the sources of entrepreneurial opportunities from the perspective of individual and environmental factors. Since opportunities define how the entrepreneur behaves and what kinds of entrepreneurship are manifested, entrepreneurial opportunity discovery and exploitation are two integral parts of the entrepreneurial process.[1] The field of entrepreneurship...
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...The Sources of Entrepreneurial Opportunities: Individuals & the Environment Doctoral Research Paper 2 of 5 Nikolina Fuduric Doctoral Supervisor: Professor Anne Lorentzen February 2008 Department of Planning and Development Aalborg University Aalborg, Denmark 1.0 INTRODUCTION No extensive empirical study on the sources of entrepreneurial opportunities included the individual, the environment and the individual’s start-up activities in a post-socialist periphery. However, such layered approaches have been encouraged in theoretical studies of entrepreneurship. Bouchikhi (1993) claims that each approach taken separately has crucial weaknesses and neither the personality of the entrepreneur nor the structural characteristics of the environment illuminate the process. Thus, multi-leveled studies have been encouraged in research programs (Low & MacMillan, 1988). In my previous paper, I attempted to examine the different forms of entrepreneurship by using the interplay between individual personality traits and capabilities and the institutional environment. The goal of this paper is to examine the sources of entrepreneurial opportunities from the perspective of individual and environmental factors. Since opportunities define how the entrepreneur behaves and what kinds of entrepreneurship are manifested, entrepreneurial opportunity discovery and exploitation are two integral parts of the...
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...not write this essay: The Sources of Entrepreneurial Opportunities: Individuals & the Environment Doctoral Research Paper 2 of 5 Nikolina Fuduric Doctoral Supervisor: Professor Anne Lorentzen February 2008 Department of Planning and Development Aalborg University Aalborg, Denmark 1.0 INTRODUCTION No extensive empirical study on the sources of entrepreneurial opportunities included the individual, the environment and the individual’s start-up activities in a post-socialist periphery. However, such layered approaches have been encouraged in theoretical studies of entrepreneurship. Bouchikhi (1993) claims that each approach taken separately has crucial weaknesses and neither the personality of the entrepreneur nor the structural characteristics of the environment illuminate the process. Thus, multi-leveled studies have been encouraged in research programs (Low & MacMillan, 1988). In my previous paper, I attempted to examine the different forms of entrepreneurship by using the interplay between individual personality traits and capabilities and the institutional environment. The goal of this paper is to examine the sources of entrepreneurial opportunities from the perspective of individual and environmental factors. Since opportunities define how the entrepreneur behaves and what kinds of entrepreneurship are manifested, entrepreneurial opportunity discovery and exploitation are...
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...Strategic Management & Business Analysis “The Critical Assessment of the Resource-Based View of Strategic Management: The Source of Heterogeneity of the firm” Tokuda Akio Ritsumeikan International Affairs Vol.3, pp125-150 (2005) Paper Review Assignment # 1 Introduction: The paper in hand is discussing the resource based view (RBV) while highlighting the entrepreneurial view point as a competitive advantage. It also formulize the conceptual framework of the resource based view by contrasting it to with competitive force approach (CFA), as the CFA explores the source of sustainable competitive advantage in the external environment of the firm while the RBV pays attention to the internal resources of the firm. The main objective of this paper is to amend the RBV from a dynamic point of view & incorporate the theory of entrepreneurship in the RBV of strategic management. As it is insufficient that most researchers have overlooked the entrepreneurial abilities and strategies as a crucial source of competitive advantage of a firm despite that the abilities of the entrepreneur are undoubtedly the principal human resource possessed by a firm. I. Strategy & External Environment of a Firm: Researches has proven that the firm needs to seek strategic fit between the external environment (threats & opportunities) & the internal resources the firm (strength & weaknesses). In 1980s the CFA presented by Porter conceptual framework was based on the...
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...Annotation Bachelor’s paper was developed with the objective to carry out an in – depth study of literature source on the entrepreneurial universities, its functions and development stages of universitie. As well as to understand classical institutions of higher education and entrepreneurial universities transformation oppurtunities. As part of the job was researched 2 universities – University of Twente (entrepreneurial university) and Ventspils University, as well as carried out interviews with 3 experts. In the research has been conscious the university development history, entrepreneurial model of universities, functions and viewed transformation opportunities form classical university to entrepreneurial university. The research paper ir valuable and useful for the both the authoress and Ventspils University, as well as other Latvias higher education institutions, because this topic in Latvia is little studied, as evidenced by the lack of literary sources. The study results indicate that Ventspils institution of higher education has the potential to become entrepreneurial university, but the most important factor in this process is inserting the entrepreneuship in to the staff and students minds. Each universities ecosystem is important, that creates a entrepreneurial environment and provides oppurtunities to build your own business. The authoress has concluded that the entrepreneurial universities promotes regional and also all economic development, because the universities...
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...Research Paper No. 2008/20 Entrepreneurship in Economic Development Wim Naudé * March 2008 Abstract What is the role of entrepreneurship in economic development? At a minimum the answer should be able to explain the role of entrepreneurs in the structural transformation of countries from low income, primary-sector based societies into high-income service and technology based societies. More broadly though, it should also be able to explain the role of entrepreneurs in the opposite pole of stagnating development (including conflict) and in high innovation-driven growth. Although economic development lacks a ‘general theory’ of entrepreneurship, which could encompass a variety of development experiences, much progress has been made in extending the understanding of entrepreneurship in the process of development. This paper surveys the progress with the purpose of distilling the outlines for a more general theory of entrepreneurship in economic development. Entrepreneurship in developing countries remains a relatively under-researched phenomenon, so by surveying the current state of research, and by discussing the role of entrepreneurship in dual economy models of structural transformation and growth, a secondary objective of this paper is to identify avenues for further research. Finally, the policy implications from the economic literature suggest that a case for government support exists, and that this should focus on the quantity, the quality, and the allocation of entrepreneurial...
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...Entrepreneurial Process Entrepreneurship is the American dream for many people. This dream means one can be their own boss and express their own ideas. Successful entrepreneurs tend to follow multiple steps to achieve their goal is business. These processes include four distinct stages: (1) identify and evaluate the opportunity, (2) develop a business plan, (3) determine what resources are necessary, (4) managing the new business (Hisrich, Micheal, & Shepherd, 2005). It is these four stages that give the entrepreneur a better understanding of the organizational and financial feasibilities of the new business (Barringer & Ireland, 2010). It is the order of these stages, which allow the entrepreneur to determine the best course of action to ensure the success of the new business. This paper will cover the order of the stages and importance of the stages from an individual and corporate perspective. Identify and Evaluate the Opportunity The first stage in the entrepreneurial process is to identify and evaluate the business opportunity. There are four environmental trends: (1) economic, (2) social, (3) technological advances, and (4) political and regulatory changes (Barringer & Ireland, 2010). Understanding these trends is helpful in determining the location of the business and the technology appropriate for the area. First is to understand the economic and social trends in the market place...
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...Factors influencing entrepreneurial intensity in communities Sibylle Heilbrunn Department of Business Administration, Ruppin Academic Center, Israel Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors influencing entrepreneurial intensity. More specifically the study addresses the following objectives: propose a way to measure entrepreneurial intensity within the community context in order to determine entrepreneurial activity over a period of ten years, detect the factors influencing the entrepreneurial intensity, and finally locate Kibbutz communities on the entrepreneurial grid. Design/methodology/approach – Kibbutz communities are the level of analysis. Using a comprehensive questionnaire, a sample of 60 Kibbutzim – constituting 22 percent of the population of Kibbutz communities in Israel – was investigated over a period of ten years. The same questionnaire was administered to the same sample Kibbutzim (Kibbutzim is the plural of Kibbutz) in 1994, 1997 and 2004. Collected data include number and types of enterprises, economic strength, organizational size and age, and features of organizational structure and culture. Findings – Quantitative data analysis revealed a significant increase of entrepreneurial activity of Kibbutz communities in terms of frequency, degree and intensity of entrepreneurship. Organizational size and age have an impact on entrepreneurial intensity as well as the existence of an “entrepreneurial vehicle.” On the entrepreneurial grid Kibbutzim...
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...this paper is to offer a perspective to further the understanding of gender entrepreneurship. This paper considers the situatedness of the gendered entrepreneur within diverse international contexts marked by different constitutions of gender identities and networks of power, both within the context of contributions within this special issue but also more broadly within the field of gender and entrepreneurship research. Design/methodology/approach – The authors adopt a feminist perspective and analyse the different framings of identity within gender and entrepreneurship literature and their contributions to our understandings of the concepts of both power and gendered identities. Findings – The paper finds that power and identity are configured in different contexts in ways that open arenas for future analysis. Originality/value – The paper highlights the importance of considering masculinities within gender and entrepreneurship research offering support for further analyses of entrepreneurial masculinities by examining two studies that expose entrepreneurial masculinities as shifting subjectivities influenced by men’s social power, but also by interactions between men and women and broader cultural contexts and transitions. In so doing, it contributes to the research agenda in relation to gender and entrepreneurship in different contexts. Keywords Gender, Entrepreneurialism, Women entrepreneurs, Masculinities, Identity, Power, Research work, Feminism Paper type Research paper...
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...Entrepreneurial Leadership BUS 508 10/21/10 Entrepreneurial Leadership There is a new definition of entrepreneurial leadership that has evolved over time and this paper will examine that evolution as it relates to some business leaders of our time. It will look at the theories of some of those leaders like Steve Case, former Chairman of AOL, and James Kouzes, co-author of The Leadership Strategies and also Peter Drucker. Also this paper will discuss my leadership style and the principles of it as well as what tools and resources that I would use through the Small Business Administration as a new entrepreneur. Discuss the common elements described in the theories/philosophies of Case, Kouzes, and Drucker including how their principles/strategies relate to the new definition of entrepreneurial leadership. One of the common elements that is described in the theories of Case, Kouzes, and Drucker is discovering what drives the motivation of the people under one’s leadership. Steve Case discussed in a lecture at Stanford University on February 24, 2010 about People, Passion, and Perseverance. He talked about that the leaders of AOL and Time Warner had not discovered their people before their merger which in turn allowed culture clashes when the two companies merged. The people that had been more innovative in the past became more corporate which aided in the downfall of the company. (Case 2010) In essence he was stating that if you know...
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...Qualitative Findings Regarding Pedagogical Experiments In Business Classes Performed In Two Colleges To Improve Critical Thinking Skills Of The Participating Students Frank DeSimone, Department of Business Administration, Wagner College, Staten Island, NY John Buzza, Center for Entrepreneurship, Monmouth University, Long Branch, NJ ABSTRACT The motivation for this paper comes from need, need for our students to learn not only subject matter through traditional methods in a classroom, but foundational learning through experiences obtained directly in the workplace. The terminology used today for this student experience is referred to as experiential learning. This experiential learning comes in two forms, either (1) learning by yourself or (2) through experiential education (learning through programs established by others). You can kindly refer to learning by yourself as “nature’s way of learning” as it occurs as a direct participation in the life cycle. However experiential education can be defined more succinctly as a structured approach, using experiences and the direction of others to create the learning curve. The issue at hand is simple - does participatory (experiential) education create critical thinkers among our students and make them more aware of and able to more easily solve the problem(s) at hand? Our diligence has focused on two distinctly different courses in two different semesters (fall 2011 and spring 2012) in two different business disciplines (business...
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...informal sector participation as “the survivalist response of marginalised persons with no alternatives.” The informal sector is a part of the economy that is not under the government control and therefore any business conducted in the informal sector cannot be regulated. This paper aim is to argue against the above mentioned assertions made by Cassim and Habib. Is it true that the participation in the informal sector is associated with impoverishment? Is it true that people engage into conducting business in the informal sector because they need to survive as they have no other alternative? These two questions serve as a foundation into developing an argument against the assertions made by Cassim and Habib about the informal sector’s participation. The argument reflects on the entrepreneurial potential and dynamics in the informal sector. This paper firstly discusses Cassim’s and Habib’s assertions to have a general understanding of what they meant. This is then followed by a brief overview of the South African informal sector and an argument against those assertions will be provided using useful example of informal sector participation’s contribution. Finally, a conclusion is provided summarising the paper. The following lines will brighten this essay. Cassim’s and Habib’s perspective of the informal sector Taking into consideration Cassim’s assertion, the informal sector’s participation is associated with impoverishment. This assertion is then reinforced by Habib, stating...
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...Fulfilment Of the Requirements for the Course Business Research Method: BSAD Andrew Chin: 18100460 Petekaye Clarke: 11100138 Ellsworth Dixon: 26120390 Hervel Walker: 11100193 Dana Sinclair: 11090085 Denique Mitchel: 11100136 September 29, 2014 Abstract WHAT ARE POSSIBLE ARE POSSIBLE AVENUES THAT CAN BE TAKEN BY THE GOVERNMENT, PRIVATE SECTORS AND PUBLIC PRIVATE SECTORS TO IMPROVE THE ENTREPRENEURIAL MINDSET IN YOUNG JAMAICANS? By: Andrew Chin: 18100460 Petekaye Clarke: 11100138 Ellsworth Dixon: 26120390 Dana Sinclair: 11090085 Denique Mitchell: 11100168 Hervel Walker: 11100193 Advisor: Dr. Sachin Pilli ABSTRACT OF BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS CLASS Research Paper Northern Caribbean University College of Business and Hospitality Management Title: WHAT ARE POSSIBLE ARE POSSIBLE AVENUES THAT CAN BE TAKEN BY THE GOVERNMENT, PRIVATE SECTORS AND PUBLIC PRIVATE SECTORS TO IMPROVE THE ENTREPRENEURIAL MINDSET IN YOUNG JAMAICANS? Name of Researchers: A. Chin, P. Clarke, E. Dixon, D. Sinclair, D, Mitchell, & H. Walker Name and Degree of Faculty advisor:...
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