... |Debit |Credit | |June 30 |Electricity Expense |420 | | |(a) | Electricity Payable | |420 | | |(Adjusting entry to record electricity expense payable for quarter ending 30| | | | |June 2012) | | | | | | | | |June 30 |Owner of Swindon’s Drawings |180 | | |(b) | Cash at Bank | |180 | | |(Adjusting entry to record drawing of cash by the owner to pay a personal | | | | |phone bill) | | | | | | | | ...
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...COMPETITORS Based on research done, our major competitor in the fuel-based car market will be the Nissan Qashqai as it’s arguably one of the top selling crossover cars in the UK. The Nissan Qashqai is the finest small SUV on the market. It is economical, classy inside and extremely refined. It's also one of the most practical small SUVs no wonder its sales figures are really high compared to others in the market. It's also bagged the 2014 Car of the Year award. Despite all these its weaknesses are that some versions are seen as pricey and it doesn’t have the best driver experience. MANUFACTURING | DISTRIBUTION | SUPPLIERS | -The car is built at Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd or NMUK. Located in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom-Some models are built in Nissan’s Russian plant in Sunderland to increase production capacity in their UK plant. | -It’s sold in: Japan, Middle east, North America, New Zealand, Singapore, United Kingdom, Russia-Uses both direct and indirect distribution channels. i.e they have showrooms in major divisional headquarters which they use as direct distribution channels and in places where they don’t have showrooms, it uses its chain of authorized dealers to sell its cars (indirect distribution channel). | -Has over 5000 suppliers | NISSAN’s STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES Strengths * Global brand * High global financial position * Innovative culture Weaknesses * Overdependence in overseas market * Product recalls ...
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...Kampala International University Abdifatah Adan Egeh Course work material +256718275925 caloolgeele@hotmail.com Introduction The analysis of barriers to entry and exit is fundamental to the assessment of market power and market efficiency. A firm or firms may exercise market power for a significant period of time only if barriers to new entry exist. Thus in determining whether or not a proposed merger is against the public interest, or whether a firm (or firms) is abusing monopoly or market power in antitrust cases, analysis of entry conditions is of primary importance. One might therefore expect to see rather extensive and sophisticated analyses of entry conditions, or barriers to entry, in monopoly and merger cases that come before competition authorities in the United States, United Kingdom, or member states of the European Union (EU). One might also expect that competition authorities would have placed a great deal of emphasis and effort on achieving a coherent and consistent framework for the analysis of entry barriers in a manner that makes use of the latest thinking on the subject by industrial organization economists. However, until very recently no competition authority that we are aware of has attempted to formulate a coherent and detailed framework for the analysis of barriers to entry, despite the significant degree of effort that has been put into clarifying the related problems of market definition and the measurement of monopoly or market power....
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...RTE Cereal Industry Barriers to Entry Giovanni Massari 1) Economies of Scale: with regards to Economies of Scale, we have Product-Specific ones with regard to the fact that there is a minimum efficient scale of production in the industry, without which firms wouldn’t survive in the environment; requirements, in this case, are 75 million pounds of cereals per year to be efficient. Other scale economies can be Multi-Product ES (“Economies of Scope”); indeed, different types of cereals can be produced in a very similar way, not requiring different production facilities, but leveraging the existing ones. The same can also be applied to packaging/bagging, which is the main source of Economies of Scale, because the Big Three use the same package within the firm for the various cereals they produce, with little differentiation. Finally, there are scope economies in advertising, since there’s the possibility of leveraging on it for new product introductions (“Brand Extension”), decreasing costs related to it – even though they’re still high, ¼ of the entire food industry’s expenses. 2) Experience Curve advantages: we have that the Big Three encounter Experience Curve advantages whenever trying to develop a brand extension or a new product, because of the cost reduction faced due to knowledge of basic processes needed for production. This, in combination with the existence of proprietary technology (see below, section 7), increases new entrants’ difficulty in entering the market...
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...Eastern Michigan University DigitalCommons@EMU Senior Honors Theses Honors College 2009 U.S. Business and Global Barriers to Entry Caitlin Long Follow this and additional works at: http://commons.emich.edu/honors Recommended Citation Long, Caitlin, "U.S. Business and Global Barriers to Entry" (2009). Senior Honors Theses. Paper 167. This Open Access Senior Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at DigitalCommons@EMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@EMU. For more information, please contact libir@emich.edu. U.S. Business and Global Barriers to Entry Abstract An exploratory view of barriers to entry in countries of significance to U.S. companies, this thesis provides a comprehensive overview of prevalent business strategies of U.S. trading partners as well as a forecast of their international business policies. Diverse macro-environmental variables, such as economy, culture, and regulations result in varying barriers to entry for U.S. based firms to conduct business in U.S trading partners’ countries. This thesis will determine how these macro-environmental factors foster or stunt growth and strategies governments employ to attract businesses. Degree Type Open Access Senior Honors Thesis Department Marketing First Advisor Harash Sachdev Keywords International trade, Foreign trade regulation, Investments, Foreign China, Investments...
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...Double Entry “[Accounting] now has the potential to make or break the planet” (White p. 8). That is the tone the Jane Gleeson-White used to set the mood of the book. You had warned me that she would be “preachy” in the end of the book, but I didn’t know how preachy. I will cover that in the end of this paper. White explores the origins of double entry in a rather interesting way. She makes you feel that accounting is the most important subject that man has ever created and we owe everything we enjoy to all accountants. She does an excellent job explaining the history and pioneering work of Luca Pacioli. In total the book was very interesting and left me feeling like I had chosen a major that will change the world. White starts the book off with explaining the history of accounting and how we owe any human achievement to accounting. “It now appears that writing, one of the greatest human accomplishments, was invented by accountants” (White p. 11). The early Athenian civilization is known for the world’s first democracy. White states that accounting “and freedom of financial information were considered essential for running the world’s first democracy” (White p. 15). Within the first 20 pages she has basically made the argument that accounting is the reason we have the constitution and democracy. I do agree that there is some basis for her argument, but she does give an extensive history and progression of the accounting system. She shows how Italy became the birthplace for...
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...1257/mic.3.1.1 Strategic Entry Deterrence and the Behavior of Pharmaceutical Incumbents Prior to Patent Expiration† By Glenn Ellison and Sara Fisher Ellison* This paper develops a new approach to testing for strategic entry deterrence and applies it to the behavior of pharmaceutical incumbents before patent expiration. It examines a cross section of markets, determining whether behavior is nonmonotonic in market size. Under some conditions, investment levels will be monotone in market size if firms do not invest to deter entry. Strategic investments to deter entry, however, may result in nonmonotonic investment because they are unnecessary in small markets, and impossible in large ones. Consistent with an entry-deterrence motivation is the finding that incumbents in medium-sized markets advertise less prior to patent expiration. (JEL D92, G31, L11, L21, L65) T he insight that firms may make “strategic investments” to alter future competitive conditions is one of the most fundamental ideas in industrial organization. Jean Tirole’s (1988) chapter reviewing arguments about how excess capacity, capital structure, advertising, contractual practices, learning-by-doing, and other actions can be used to deter entry is easily the longest in the text.1 Strategic investment models are difficult to test directly, however, and the vast majority of this literature is theoretical. In this paper, we propose a new empirical approach for examining strategic entry deterrence. Our applied focus...
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...How do exit and entry barriers affect internal rivalry? a. Entry barriers: When new firms join an industry, it hurts the other firms that where there before by cutting into their market share and by intensifying internal rivalry, which ultimately leads to a decline in price cost margin. In essence, anytime a firm joins, the rest of them lose, to some degree, market share and revenue. The entry barrier becomes a factor that helps to understand how many firms are competing against each other. The lower the entry barrier, the more new firms present in the market and the more fronts of competition to attack (in order to gain market share and increase revenue). The higher the entry barrier, the less new firms present in the market, but still they are fronts to attack. b. Exit barriers: High exit barriers place a high cost on abandoning the product. This type of barrier causes a firm to remain in an industry, even when the venture is no longer profitable. If the industry’s fixed costs are high, competitive rivalry will be intense. A common exit barrier is asset specificity. When the plant and equipment required for manufacturing a product is highly specialized, these assets cannot easily be sold to other buyers in another industry. Low exit barriers would reduce the number of competitors a firm is competing against, which means that it increases the opportunity of gaining more market share and revenue, by capturing what others left when they exit the market. In conclusion...
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...To: Dr. Moffitt From: Daniel Arnold Date: 3/5/15 Re: Individual Project – “The History of Double-Entry Bookkeeping” Accounting has played an important role in the evolution of civilization, even before the modern concept of ‘accounting’, as understood by modern man, existed. Man’s drive to measure and record his surroundings required more and more complex means in order to do so (Gleeson-White 11). This drive to more complex recording techniques led to writing, a numeric system, the spread of arithmetic, and created a standard system in an effort to ease international trade. The scope of this paper will focus on the realization of double-entry bookkeeping, a major branch of accounting. Double-entry bookkeeping (DEB) is defined as an accounting system that recognizes both sides of a transaction using equal amounts of debits and credits. Unlike a single-entry system, it tells the whole story of a transaction (Gleeson-White 11). In order to understand how DEB came into existence, one must reflect on history. As stated earlier, man’s natural drive to measure and record events around him led to arguably one of the biggest single leaps in human civilization - writing. Professor Denise Schmandt-Besserat discovered this link between writing and accounting in 1969. Schmandt-Besserat asserts this about her discovery: “the origin of writing is no longer a mystery…contrary to all expectations [no one would have] guessed that writing derived from counting” (Gleeson-White...
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...ACC 205 WEEK 2 DQ 2 ADJUSTING ENTRIES ASH COURSE To purchase this visit here: http://www.nerdypupil.com/product/acc-205-week-2-dq-2-adjusting-entries-ash-course/ Contact us at: nerdypupil@gmail.com ACC 205 WEEK 2 DQ 2 ADJUSTING ENTRIES ASH COURSE Explain the purpose of adjusting entries. How is net income affected if adjusting entries are not made? Describe the four closing entries and explain their purpose. Respond to at least two of your classmates’ postings. Home Work Hour aims to provide quality study notes and tutorials to the students of ACC 205 Week 2 DQ 2 Adjusting Entries Ash Course in order to ace their studies. ACC 205 WEEK 2 DQ 2 ADJUSTING ENTRIES ASH COURSE To purchase this visit here: http://www.nerdypupil.com/product/acc-205-week-2-dq-2-adjusting-entries-ash-course/ Contact us at: nerdypupil@gmail.com ACC 205 WEEK 2 DQ 2 ADJUSTING ENTRIES ASH COURSE Explain the purpose of adjusting entries. How is net income affected if adjusting entries are not made? Describe the four closing entries and explain their purpose. Respond to at least two of your classmates’ postings. Home Work Hour aims to provide quality study notes and tutorials to the students of ACC 205 Week 2 DQ 2 Adjusting Entries Ash Course in order to ace their studies. ACC 205 WEEK 2 DQ 2 ADJUSTING ENTRIES ASH COURSE To purchase this visit here: http://www.nerdypupil.com/product/acc-205-week-2-dq-2-adjusting-entries-ash-course/ Contact us at: nerdypupil@gmail.com ACC 205 WEEK...
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...Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) Kimberly McGlawn HCIS/255C 8/11/2013 Kristi Berry Computerized Physician Order Entry Information technology has consistently been identified as an important component of any approach for improvement. One major improvement in healthcare would be Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE). CPOE is a computer application that physicians use to place orders electronically. This replaces the standard use of hand-written orders on an order sheet or prescription pad. Orders entered into the system are communicated electronically to the departments and personnel responsible for their implementation. The value of computerized physician order entry systems for improving the quality of patient care has become more apparent. CPOE requires a high level of organizational commitment to achieve its potential benefits. Benefits and challenges of CPOE are important topic that clarify its proficient usage and few downfalls. CPOE can substantially decrease the overuse, underuse, and misuse of health care services. Benefits of CPOE are decrease in costs, shorten length of stay, decrease medical errors, and improved medication safety (reducing adverse drug events, or ADEs). A medical error is “An error in the process of ordering, dispensing or administering a medication” (FCG). An adverse drug event is “an injury resulting from the use of a drug, which may or may not result from an error” (FCG). CPOE can protect the patient...
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...Over the last 500 years, the double-entry system of accounting has provided the accounting profession with a reliable and accurate way of tracking the economic events of companies. However, with the implementation of computer-based accounting systems over the last few decades, event based accounting has gained popularity. The theory behind event based accounting is that each business transaction can be broken down into one, or a combination of three types of events: economic, business, and information. An economic event is one in which the quantity of resources change, such as selling an item or purchasing a service. Events like receiving an invoice from a supplier, or sending out a purchase order to a vendor are examples of business events. They are necessary to the company even though they are not the monetary or physical transactions for goods or services. Tasks like creating reports and inputting new customers are considered information events. Information events provide the necessary data for the economic or business events that transpire. The double-entry system of accounting focuses on taking those separate events and aggregating them into journal entries. By aggregating them, a great deal of the total information of the event is left out. Under an event based accounting system each event is recorded with as much of the information as possible, and then stored in tables of data that allow the user to recall and compile this information into usable reports. This...
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...With the use of examples explain the various barriers to entry to a market and how these barriers might affect market structure Barriers to entry are designed to block potential entrants from entering a market profitably, they seek to protect monopoly power and usually have the effect of making a market less contestable. In a perfectly competitive market barriers to entry are not allowed as otherwise the market would not be perfectly contestable as one firm will have an advantage over another. One barrier to entry in a market is research and development. Heavy investment into research and development from large firms can deter other firms from entering into a market. Research and development also goes into developing new products such as Dyson creating the bag less vacuum cleaner, this leads to firms acquiring patents, where the firm has legal protection over a design or a product for twenty years. Patents are very good at creating monopolies as they restrict entry into certain markets, as in my previous example with the bag less vacuum cleaner, Hoover tried to copy this idea however were taken to court by Dyson leading to Hoover having to take their product off the market and paying substantial fees to Dyson. This therefore led to a monopoly on the bag less vacuum cleaner; therefore Dyson had complete market power and could increase the prices of their products. Another barrier to entry also related to research and development is the R&D that goes into making the...
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...What are the major benefits of implementing CPOE systems? What are the intended and Unintended effects of CPOE systems? With the quick improvements of the EHR (Electronic Health Record), and the implementation of this system within hospitals all across the United States, other systems that hospital's at present have must be up to the mission of being able to incorporate with HER system in order to make available the excellence of care that patient should obtain. An order admission system or otherwise known as CPOE (computerized physician order entry) is defined as, a computer system that allows shortest entry of medical orders by the person with the licensure and rights to do so (Joan Ash, 2010).The order entry system in which many hospitals apply take on the task of delivering orders that have been entered by a physician, and are accomplished of distributing these orders to many different areas of a facility. This means that the doctor can go to one place for medication orders, orders for laboratory and imaging tests, with the added aptitude of being able to view test results, and medication lists for each patient. Once integrated to work with the EHR system an in effect CPOE system even though not able to stand on its own due to the lack of being able to also incorporates clinical documentation, is an dependable system in which helps to alleviate the long hindered problems of paper-based methods, thus reducing the number of adverse effects sustained by a patient from medication...
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...A cat may look at a king A chain is only as strong as its weakest link A change is as good as a rest A dog is a man's best friend A drowning man will clutch at a straw A fish always rots from the head down A fool and his money are soon parted A friend in need is a friend indeed A golden key can open any door A good beginning makes a good ending A good man is hard to find A house divided against itself cannot stand A house is not a home A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step A leopard cannot change its spots A little knowledge is a dangerous thing A little learning is a dangerous thing A little of what you fancy does you good A man who is his own lawyer has a fool for his client A miss is as good as a mile A new broom sweeps clean A nod's as good as a wink to a blind horse A penny saved is a penny earned A person is known by the company he keeps A picture paints a thousand words A place for everything and everything in its place A poor workman always blames his tools A problem shared is a problem halved A prophet is not recognized in his own land A rising tide lifts all boats A rolling stone gathers no moss A soft answer turneth away wrath A stitch in time saves nine A swarm in May is worth a load of hay; a swarm in June is worth a silver spoon; but a swarm in July is not worth a fly A thing of beauty is a joy forever A trouble shared is a trouble halved A volunteer is worth twenty pressed men A watched pot never boils A woman's place is in the...
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