...Bulgan Enkhbat Student ID:1201590046 China University of Geoscience (Wuhan) School of Environmental Studies Environmental Impact Assessment course Dr. YanPing Cui 崔艳萍 School of Environmental Studies Institute of Environmental Impact Assessment Final Report : Environmental Impact Assessment in Mongolia Bulgan Enkhbat Student ID Number : 1201590046 ( Master Student) 1 Bulgan Enkhbat Student ID:1201590046 Table of Content Introduction …………………………………………………………………… …..3-4 Environmental Impact Assessment Law of Mongolia ……………………………...4-6 Environmental Impact Assessment system In Mongolia ………………………….7-12 o Environmental Protection plan and Monitoring program………………………………………………………………… Conclusion………………………………………………………………………..12-14 Reference ……………………………………………………………………………15 2 Bulgan Enkhbat Student ID:1201590046 1. Introduction Mongolia is a landlocked country in east-central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to about 45% of the population. At 1,565,000 square kilometres (603,909 sq mi), Mongolia is the 19th largest and one of the most sparsely populated independent countries in the world, with a population of around 3 million people. It is also the world's second-largest landlocked country. The country contains very little arable land, as much of its area is covered by grassy steppe, with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south.Lifestyle...
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...Business 313 Loss Prevention January 26, 2013 Jay Odum Critical Analysis Paper Problem: Your employer is violating environmental laws. You know that if the government learns of the violations, your company will be unable to survive financially criminal and civil action and pollution controls. You will certainly lose your job. What do you do? Should you inform the authorities and risk losing your job or stay quiet? This can be a difficult situation and can put the employee in an awkward position. Your first instinct is to keep quiet, especially if you like your employer and your job. You need your job, everyone needs their jobs. On the other hand, if the violation is something serious and criminal, then yes, you are obligated to do something. What if you are wrong and falsely accuse your employer? If you make a false accusation you could be sued for defamation. Consider all of the options first before bringing the company to its knees and causing everyone to lose their jobs. Do not act hastily or rashly. You want to maintain a good relationship with your employer. Your first obligation is to report the violation. You are ethically responsible to report an environmental violation at your company. You should comply with your company’s established code of ethics. All employees must be a part of the ethical environment through a code of ethics and see it spelled out in policies, procedures, and training (Purpura, 2008). When you or your employer make unethical...
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...THE IMPACT OF THE CHARITIES AND SOCIETIES LEGISLATION ON THE PROMOTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE IN ETHIOPIA By Gebremedhin Birega gbdagaga@gmail.com March 2014 Addis Ababa Ethiopia 1 Abstract Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in general and environmental CSOs in particular, have been playing considerable constructive role in the nation building efforts in Ethiopia. However, all their contributions are not wholeheartedly accepted by the government. In 2009, the government introduced a new law overtly presented to register, administer and create an enabling environment for a more meaningful contribution of CSOs/NGOs. Nevertheless, it has been argued that the introduction of the new law further weakened the already young and inexperienced CSO/NGO sector in general and those engaged in environmental justice in particular. The main objective of this paper is therefore to assess the impact of the legislation on NGOs/CSOs engaged in environmental justice mainly in: limiting areas of intervention; affecting access to foreign funds and other forms of support to undertake mandated tasks; retaining competence including knowledge and skills; making government answerable to felt needs of the society; advancing meaningful networking among CSOs at national, regional and global level on environmental policy reform issues; downsized change in amount of budget and skilled staff; engaging in research undertaking; conducting quality monitoring and evaluation activities. Based on...
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...| NAFTA and Environmental Protection: Falling Short of the Mark | | | 4/11/2011 | A Look at Some of the Lasting Consequences of Investor Protection Measures | | After the negotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement in 1992, there has been an increase in the use of Chapter 11 to defend foreign investor rights. The poignant question remains whether these rights do and should take precedence over environmental considerations. This Paper looks at the treatment of investor protection measures and environmental protections contained within NAFTA with a view to their application within international arbitration cases. | NAFTA and Environmental Protection: Falling Short of the Mark A Look at some of the lasting consequences of investor protection Measures Contents Introduction 2 NAFTA Investor Protection Measures 3 Article 1102: National Treatment 3 Article 1103: Most-Favored-Nation Treatment 6 Article 1104 & 1105: Domestic & International Minimum Standards 7 Article 1110: Expropriation and Compensation 8 The Basis for Legal Challenges 11 NAFTA Environmental Protections 13 Article 104: Environmental and Conservative Agreements 14 Article 1114: Environmental Measures 16 Language across all Environmental Provisions 17 Enforcement of Environmental Protections 18 Cases of NAFTA Chapter 11 Arbitration 19 Ethyl Corporation v. Canada 20 S.D. Myers v. Canada 21 Concluding Remarks 22 Bibliography 26 Introduction In Canada, we are proud of our...
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...Environmental Protection - Recognizing the human right Pursuit to save the environmental life. Rashmi Shukla (Author) and Titiksha Shrivastava (Co-Author) 09/25/2012 Rashmi Shukla1 Titiksha Shrivastava2 Environmental Protection: Recognizing the Human Right Human rights, these are the basic fundamental rights guaranteed to every human under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and rights guaranteed to every citizen of India under the constitution of India. Article 21 of the India constitution has often been referred to as the spirit of Indian constitution, the article states that “Nobody shall be deprived of his Right to life and personal liberty except by the procedure established by law”. Prima facie the Article seems to be very concise but through various precedents and judicial dictions the Indian judiciary has recognized various facets pertaining to the article. The article briefly explains the duty of State to provide safe and healthy environment to its citizens as the part of Directive Principle of State Policy provided under Article 36-51 of the Indian Constitution. This paper seeks to marginalize the relation between human rights and Environmental protection by seeking the relation between environment and its effect on human life. The paper also adjudicates the...
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...Support for Environmental Protection: The Role of Moral Norms Paul C. Stern National Research Council Thomas Dietz George Mason University I. Stanley Black Illinois Environmental Protection Agency A theoretical model is presented that traces support for environmental protection to a social-psychological process involving the activation of moral norms against harming innocent people. In a preliminary test of the model's social-psychological hypotheses, judgments about the moral obligations of industry with respect to hazardous chemicals were found to depend both on awareness of harmful consequences to people and on ascription of responsibility for those consequences to industry; government, however, was held to be morally obligated to act even if it was not responsible for the harm. Suggestions are offered for using the model to study the determinants of changing public opinion on the environment, the tactics of advocacy groups in environmental policy conflicts, and the process that mobilizes pressure for political causes in the absence of tangible group interests. The last two decades have brought about substantial changes in the environmental policies of most Western industrial nations. These changes are due in large part to the effective mobilization of public support by the enviThe authors thank Jane Phillips for assistance with data analysis and the Academic Computing Service and Graduate School of George Mason University for research support. Requests for reprints should...
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...Online Discussion 1: Environmental Policy under a Parliamentary System As we learned in last week’s lesson, the Canadian system of government can pose challenges to the setting of environmental policy. Let’s explore this issue in our discussion this week by considering the following questions as well as any ideas relevant to this issue that you think of as the discussion progresses. You do not need to address all of these questions in a single post - in fact, it is probably better to limit each post to one or two well argued points. Do you think our federal-provincial system of government makes it impossible to pass effective environmental legislation? Would you change anything about the division of powers between the federal and provincial/territorial governments in order to improve the design and implementation of environmental policy in Canada? Is environmental policy superior in the United States (can we learn any lessons from their approach including things to avoid)? Can you find any examples of successful provincial/federal cooperation on environmental policy implementation in Canada? Finally, do you think that we are in for a new era of environmental policy cooperation with the election of a new government this fall? Post 1: Hi Kristen, In addition to your extensive research on the comparison of both the US and Canada’s differences in environmental policy, I have done some research myself and have read an interesting article that discusses lessons from America...
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...Environment Tribunal • Pakistan: The Environment Tribunal • Comparative study Recommendations Conclusion Introductory Note Environmental Law is a source and foundation of orderly response to Global and National environmental problems. International Environmental Law is the principal means by which community of nations builds and expresses international consensus on environment and development challenges. National Environmental Law is the most effective instrument for translating environment and development policies into action. Judiciary is a key mechanism for ensuring legal effectiveness of environmental law. A judiciary well informed of the rapidly expanding environmental law, can play a critical role: in interpretation, development and enforcement of environmental law, enforcing environmental rights, public access to judicial procedures, exchange of judgments, sharing information on environmental law, policy and environmental jurisprudence. The purpose of this assignment is to focus on the function of the Environment Courts of Bangladesh established under the Environment Court Act, 2000, to examine its efficiency and effectiveness, to point out different lacunas of the statute and of the judicial process, to take a short look at the statutes of the Indian sub-continent in this field, to do a comparative study among the laws of this sub-continent and to forward recommendations for the effective working of the Court and thus ensuring...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study The need for Environmental Accounting has become the concern and focus of nations and responsible corporate managements. It became one of the foremost issues on the agenda of nations and businesses earlier in the 1990s and the reasons for this were varied emanating from both within and outside of the firm and particularly at the global level (Okoye and Ngwakwe:2004:220-235). A lot of government enactments, laws and regulations on environmental protection have been made in several nations of the world. In the light of the awakening to environment protection, various laws and regulations such as the Environmental Impact Assessment Act, 1992 have been enacted. These require corporate managements to consider the environmental implications of all internal decisions of their managements. Also, all organizations monitored by environmental policy agencies in Kenya are expected to demonstrate much consideration in decision making. Environmentalists agree that it could be more cost effective and beneficial for companies to acquire pollution prevention or clean technology than those of pollution clean-up. It is also observed that in environmental regulations, there is a shift from the ‘command and control’ approach to market-driven forms in which pollution prevention alternatives are replacing pollution cleaning approach. It follows therefore, that determining the appropriate pollution prevention approach may lead to additional decisions...
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...Law Environment and Development Journal LEAD REVIEW OF NESREA ACT 2007 AND REGULATIONS 2009-2011: A NEW DAWN IN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT IN NIGERIA Muhammed Tawfiq Ladan COUNTRY LEGISLATION 8/1 VOLUME LEAD Journal (Law, Environment and Development Journal) is a peer-reviewed academic publication based in New Delhi and London and jointly managed by the School of Law, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) - University of London and the International Environmental Law Research Centre (IELRC). LEAD is published at www.lead-journal.org ISSN 1746-5893 The Managing Editor, LEAD Journal, c/o International Environmental Law Research Centre (IELRC), International Environment House II, 1F, 7 Chemin de Balexert, 1219 Châtelaine-Geneva, Switzerland, Tel/fax: + 41 (0)22 79 72 623, info@lead-journal.org Country Legislation REVIEW OF NESREA ACT 2007 AND REGULATIONS 2009-2011: A NEW DAWN IN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT IN NIGERIA Muhammed Tawfiq Ladan This document can be cited as Muhammed Tawfiq Ladan, ‘Review of NESREA Act 2007 and Regulations 2009-2011: A New Dawn in Environmental Compliance and Enforcement in Nigeria’, 8/1 Law, Environment and Development Journal (2012), p. 116, available at http://www.lead-journal.org/content/12116.pdf Muhammed Tawfiq Ladan, Professor of Law, Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, Email: mtladan@gmail.com Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs...
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...2007 Forum: China’s Rapid Economic Growth and Resultant Negative Externalities 867 CHINA’S RAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH AND RESULTANT NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES PATRICIA BLAZEY* I INTRODUCTION China’s economic growth over the past fifteen years has turned it into the world’s major manufacturing base, making it one of the world’s four largest economies.1 During this period, China’s average annual real Gross Domestic Product (‘GDP’) grew by 9.7 per cent peaking at 11.9 per cent up to the second quarter in 2007, the highest growth rate over that period of time.2 At the same time the negative environmental externalities of economic growth have escalated and are causing concern not only within China itself but also globally. China has suffered severe ecological destruction and serious environmental problems which threaten both its economy and the health of its people. Apart from air and water pollution, unprecedented growth in household and industrial waste, loss of biodiversity, felling of rain rainforests and overfishing has occurred. On a global level, China’s air pollution levels have contributed substantially to the negative effects of climate change. China’s rapid growth has been accelerated through its membership of the World Trade Organization (‘WTO’)3 and policies of trade liberalisation. Foreign investment has escalated due to preferential tax treatment and the relaxation of bureaucratic obstacles which in the past had slowed down the process of getting projects...
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... 21 - 23 References and Bibliography: 24 - 25 Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) versus Environmental Financial Accounting (EFA): If so, what is the significance of knowing the better accounting method to use when identifying environmental cost? It has become indispensable for companies to increase their responsibility regarding all facets of the environment and to acclimatize existing practices to cause limited environmental impairment; more especially at this present time when stakeholders linger ‘bitterly’ about how corporate failure have influence organization’s environmental performance and measurement issues. Yoking this emergent obligation within the corporate sector is consequently a strategic component in any strategy for accomplishing the goal of sustainable development; and evaluating the viability of such a strategy requires both the resolution of scientific and manufacturing problems; and also the attention of how organization’s account for environmental cost to demonstrate their corporate social responsibilities. The Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) and the Environmental Financial Accounting (EFA) are the two mainstream accounting approaches that have allowed an upsurge in the demand for relevant information to augment...
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...Samantha CLN4UI 11/05/14 The Severity of Non-Severe Laws As Robert Redford once stated, “... the environment should be put in the category of our national security. Defence of our resources is just as important as defence abroad. Otherwise what is there to defend?” Humans are dependent on the Earth in order to survive, and without it, there would be no life. In order to maintain the environment, governments enact laws and acts that are meant to protect and sustain, but they aren’t always successful. Many large corporations are ignorant of the side effects of not following these laws, due to the fact that they are blinded by materialistic motives such as profit. The environment means little to the greed driven North American corporations of the modern era; their only concerns are the immediate benefits and short term effects. Long term effects are often disregarded and brushed off. These corporations purposely and knowingly break many laws that have been put into place to protect the environment. In order to prevent this lack of obedience and further protect the environment, stricter laws need to be put into place, and one must examine the purpose of breaking protective laws, the specific laws broken, and the effects of breaking the laws. “When a man wantonly destroys one of the works of man we call him a vandal. When he destroys one of the works of god we call him a sportsman.” This quote from Joseph Wood Krutch is an effective example of the injustice that is happening...
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...Everywhere in the world, the issue of climate change presents an archetypal environmental problem. Communities often fight governments, both at the state and national levels in a bid to protect the environment they have known for ages. Governments, on the other hand, protect these natural settings by formulating laws and policies that ensure the society does not lose its treasures[1]. However, some seek to use the protected spaces as a means of developing projects that will provide the state or nation with more resources, revenues and products. These may be good developmental projects, but they ought to protect the environment first before they can sell such ideas to a conservative society. As in all other nations, Australia has also been engulfed in a fight to save the environment as the government looks at creating developmental projects that will necessary block any advantages that the local community has enjoyed since time immemorial[2]. By seeking to repeal at least 60% of protection that the New South Wales Far North Coast’s forests, wetlands and wildlife habitant, the government is slowly seeking to destroy the local community. Conservatives will agree that the best way of protecting the environment is by setting aside a portion of some indigenous scenery and protect it from encroachment[3]. However, encroachment is still a biting problem and the recent statements by the authorities only heighten the environmental issues at hand. Legal processes and issues have arisen with groups...
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...Environmental Management and Sustainable Development in Vietnam Kenichi Nakagami As a result of the Asian currency crisis, wishful thinking about a future leading role of the East Asian economies in the world economy has lost momentum.The currency crisis has had a great impact on Vietnam,which adopts the ‘Doi Moi’ policy, and negative changes in regard to the outlook towards economic growth and foreign investment are becoming noticeable. However,since Vietnam joined ASEAN in 1995, improvement of hard and soft infrastructures, which contributes to Vietnam’s economic development,is well underway,and industrialization and urbanization are rapidly progressing. This has caused the gravitation of population towards cities, and the impoverished conditions of rural communities. The citizens are now facing the difficulty created by widening earning differentials between city and rural communities. The serious environmental pollution such as air pollution(CO2,SOx,NOx), waste disposal,and water pollution occurred in urban area. There is a need to work out a countermeasure to this situation, need for the sound economic development of Vietnam. It is necessary to perceive environmental and social effects precisely and to learn from the experience of environmental destruction in the Japanese economy which is described as “noneconomic mindedness of economy inconsiderate of environment” in order to achieve sustainable development. The objective of this paper is to grasp the relationship between...
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