...Everywhere in the world, the issue of climate change presents an archetypal environmental problem. Communities often fight governments, both at the state and national levels in a bid to protect the environment they have known for ages. Governments, on the other hand, protect these natural settings by formulating laws and policies that ensure the society does not lose its treasures[1]. However, some seek to use the protected spaces as a means of developing projects that will provide the state or nation with more resources, revenues and products. These may be good developmental projects, but they ought to protect the environment first before they can sell such ideas to a conservative society. As in all other nations, Australia has also been engulfed in a fight to save the environment as the government looks at creating developmental projects that will necessary block any advantages that the local community has enjoyed since time immemorial[2]. By seeking to repeal at least 60% of protection that the New South Wales Far North Coast’s forests, wetlands and wildlife habitant, the government is slowly seeking to destroy the local community. Conservatives will agree that the best way of protecting the environment is by setting aside a portion of some indigenous scenery and protect it from encroachment[3]. However, encroachment is still a biting problem and the recent statements by the authorities only heighten the environmental issues at hand. Legal processes and issues have arisen with groups...
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...CWA made it unlawful to discharge any pollutant from a point source into navigable waters, unless a permit was obtained. EPA's National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program controls discharges. Point sources are discrete conveyances such as pipes or man-made ditches. Individual homes that are connected to a municipal system, use a septic system, or do not have a surface discharge do not need an NPDES permit; however, industrial, municipal, and other facilities must obtain permits if their discharges go directly to surface waters. HISTORY OF THE CLEAN WATER ACT The Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1948 was the first major U.S. law to address water pollution. Growing public awareness and concern for controlling water pollution led to sweeping amendments in 1972. As amended in 1972, the law became commonly known as the Clean Water Act (CWA). The 1972 amendments: • Established the basic structure for regulating pollutants discharges into the waters of the United States. • Gave EPA the authority to implement pollution control programs such as setting wastewater standards for industry. • Maintained existing requirements to set water quality...
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...Introduction The aim of this paper is to discuss the role of the law and science in moving us towards a more sustainable future. This will be done with the aid of selected global environmental treaties. In order to achieve this aim, the paper is going to begin with an introduction which is going to define key concepts identified. The main body will embark on the discussion at hand. The main body will begin by outlining the role of the law generally and will move on to look at the role of science generally. Thereon selected global treaties will be discussed in relation to their respective roles both at law and science. Lastly but not the least an elaborate conclusion will be given. Definition of Key Terms Environment: Environment refers to the totality of the surroundings within which humans live and exploit resources for their welfare and development. Main Body In order to effectively challenge problems that pose a threat to the earth, there is need for an effective approach which is backed by robust scientific evidence. This would ultimately usher into place a new and more powerful environmental law. In order to appreciate the relationship between the law and science, there is need for understanding of their respective roles towards the achievement of a more sustainable future. The Role of the Law The law has a fundamental role to play in the movement of protecting the environment towards a more sustainable future. In most jurisdictions in the absence of constitutional...
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...area. The fishery sector makes a significant contribution to the national economy in terms of foreign exchange, income generation and employment. It is very important in nutrition, especially in providing animal protein. In 1997 - 99, the marine fisheries sector contributed 22% of the total fishery production of 1 373 000 t. However, the resources are being destroyed in many ways. The fisheries resources have declined and fishers are getting poorer. The decline is partly due to estuarine set bag net, push net, and beach seine fishing, which result in recruitment over-fishing. A multiplicity of factors adversely affect the coastal fishery resources of Bangladesh. Various laws, ordinances and acts have been formulated to manage the fisheries resources and to protect the coastal zone environment. Most of the laws have been amended to meet current needs. However, marine fisheries...
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...4/26/2012 Environmental Law and Policy Third Assignment “There Will Be Blood” Environmental Issues and Connections “There Will Be Blood” by Paul Thomas Anderson starring Daniel Day Lewis reproduces the early 1900s oil boom in southern California. Daniel Day Lewis plays a man named Daniel Plainview, the very serious boss of a drilling company. After adopting a son early on in the movie for purely business reasons he leads us on the path of innovation and growth within a new industry. His depictions of oil drilling in the turn of the 20th century present endless environmental law issues. These issues have resulted in the regulation of an industry, countless strains on the environment and the contributing factors to many of the United States administrations and their regulation. Without the need of oil to power automobiles and many other gas-powered mechanisms, some of these laws and regulations might not be necessary today. Early on in the film Daniel Plainview is approached by Paul Sunday, the son of a man owning a ranch in the fictional town of Little Boston, California. Paul explains to Daniel there is oil present on his families land there, however we never see Paul again in the film. Daniel goes to the Sunday Ranch pretending to hunt for quail when really assessing the situation. Plainview finds oil and seems to think there is a lot of it so he quickly buys up everyone’s land around the Sunday Ranch. Little Boston a very religious community is not very wealthy...
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...To what extent did the precautionary principle assume significance in UK environmental law? In the last few decades the Precautionary Principle has gained significance within the realm of modern environmentalism. It appears, although not always explicitly, in national legislation, international statements of policy, treaties etc. Despite its development, there is no commonly agreed definition of the Precautionary Principle nor is there any guidance on how to implement it. Its central role is to guide administrators and regulators who make decisions or develop policy in circumstances where there is no conclusive scientific proof of a clear link between the relevant action or substance and the harm“on the grounds that it is better to be roughly right in due time, bearing in mind the consequences of being very wrong, than to be precisely right too late.” The first detailed reference to the Precautionary Principle in the UK was featured in the government's White Paper on the Environment, entitled "This Common Inheritance”. It put forward a weaker formulation of the Precautionary principle on the basis that you have to ensure that you balance the costs and benefits in order to dismiss any lack of scientific certainty when taking action against significant risks. It was weakened further in a sub-section of the White paper where it was made clear that all decisions relating to the environment had to “…look at all the facts and likely consequences of actions of the basis of the best...
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...and south is called Taiwan. 1. Singapore has made it very easy for someone to get a permit to work there. This includes other nations to do business as well as investing in this country (Bernhardt, 2010). As for Taiwan they have environmental laws described as a fig leaf. This leaf is barely disguising the rape of the environment (Environmental nightmare of the economic miracle, 2006). 2. Singapore has no minimum wage for their workers. The employees there must be paid at least once a month. Some companies do give a bonus of an extra salary but it is not required. There employment act may not require the workers to work more than eight hours or forty four hours a week (Bernhardt, 2010). When it comes to wages and work hours in Taiwan their employees and employers have to agree upon the wages. It is like a contract. The employees’ wages cannot be less than each jurisdiction. Singapore does not count. When it comes to the hours that they work depends on the jurisdiction and they hours are between 40-48 hours a week (Hyun, 2007). 1. The latest environmental legislation is called Environmental Impact Assessment Act. This includes more procedures for citizens as well as environmental interest group. Singapore level of environmental regulation is a lot better than it used to be. Because of its administration they have came a long way. As far as Taiwan goes they have a long way to go. 2. According to (Gross, 2009) stated that the Ministry of Manpower made significant...
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...Environmental Protection - Recognizing the human right Pursuit to save the environmental life. Rashmi Shukla (Author) and Titiksha Shrivastava (Co-Author) 09/25/2012 Rashmi Shukla1 Titiksha Shrivastava2 Environmental Protection: Recognizing the Human Right Human rights, these are the basic fundamental rights guaranteed to every human under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and rights guaranteed to every citizen of India under the constitution of India. Article 21 of the India constitution has often been referred to as the spirit of Indian constitution, the article states that “Nobody shall be deprived of his Right to life and personal liberty except by the procedure established by law”. Prima facie the Article seems to be very concise but through various precedents and judicial dictions the Indian judiciary has recognized various facets pertaining to the article. The article briefly explains the duty of State to provide safe and healthy environment to its citizens as the part of Directive Principle of State Policy provided under Article 36-51 of the Indian Constitution. This paper seeks to marginalize the relation between human rights and Environmental protection by seeking the relation between environment and its effect on human life. The paper also adjudicates the...
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... OF THE INTERPOL ON ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMES By: Fangon, Arvee E. Enriquez, David Jay Esguerra,Bon Josef Jaravata, Sherela Calcita, Ranilo What is Environmental Crime? An environmental crime is a violation of environmental laws that are put into place to protect the environment. When broadly defined, the crime includes all illegal acts that directly cause environmental harm. Such crimes are also referred to as ‘crime against the environment.’ What Is The Role Of The Interpol In This Environmental Crimes? Environmental crime is a serious and growing international problem, and one which takes many different forms Broadly speaking, wildlife crime is the illegal exploitation of the world’s wild flora and fauna, while pollution crime is the trade and disposal of waste and hazardous substances in contravention of national and international laws. INTERPOL's response In today’s global economy there is a need for an international strategy to deal with this type of crime. As the only organization with a mandate to share and process criminal information globally, INTERPOL is uniquely qualified to lead these efforts. The INTERPOL Environmental Crime Programme: Leads global and regional operations...
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...How do you plan to incorporate 7 levels of Corporate Sustainability in your career and the 5 principles of Environmental Law 1. In my future career as Manager, I would like to work for organizations that cater to the Triple bottom Line and works not only towards profit but also towards the betterment of the Planet and the People. As such I would like to become a “responsible Manager”- who fulfils his duties not only towards the company but towards the environment and future generations by using resources responsibly, reducing the individual and organization’s ecological footprint and engage actively in Corporate Social Responsibility, not under obligatory pressure but with a sense of responsibility towards the society and environment on which it depends. As an individual, I believe that every individual has a fundamental duty and non-negotiable responsibility to be “environmentally responsible”- to try and mitigate the toll that Mother Nature is already been through in the name of Industrialisation and globalization. I strongly feel that everyone has not only a responsibility towards one’s self and one’s organization – but also towards the environment. Hence, it is important for me to choose an organization whose goals and corporate vision are aligned with this perspective. The closer the fit between my individual objectives and the organization- the higher my productivity and loyalty towards the Company. My responsibility as a responsible Marketing Manager- The scope...
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...DRAWBACKS IN ENVIRONMENTAL LEGESLATIONS IN INDIA: In today's world the conservation, protection and improvement of human environment are major issues all over the world. Human environment consists of physical environment and biological environment. Physical environment covers land, water and air. Biological environment includes plants, animals and other organisms. Industrialization, urbanization, explosion of population, over exploitation, disruption of natural ecological balances, destruction of plant and animal species for economic reasons are the major reasons behind environment deterioration. Our country’s degradation of environment degrades the global environment. Therefore, it is all the more important to have legislations to protect our environment. 1.Introduction In the Constitution of India it is stated that it is the duty of the state to ‘protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country’. It is the duty on every citizen ‘to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife'. The Department of Environment was established in India in 1980 to ensure a healthy environment for the country. This later came to be known as the Ministry of Environment and Forests in 1985. The constitutional provisions are backed by a number of laws – act and rules. The Environment Protection Act ,1986 came into force and is considered an umbrella legislation as it fills many gaps in the existing laws. However...
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... 21 - 23 References and Bibliography: 24 - 25 Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) versus Environmental Financial Accounting (EFA): If so, what is the significance of knowing the better accounting method to use when identifying environmental cost? It has become indispensable for companies to increase their responsibility regarding all facets of the environment and to acclimatize existing practices to cause limited environmental impairment; more especially at this present time when stakeholders linger ‘bitterly’ about how corporate failure have influence organization’s environmental performance and measurement issues. Yoking this emergent obligation within the corporate sector is consequently a strategic component in any strategy for accomplishing the goal of sustainable development; and evaluating the viability of such a strategy requires both the resolution of scientific and manufacturing problems; and also the attention of how organization’s account for environmental cost to demonstrate their corporate social responsibilities. The Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) and the Environmental Financial Accounting (EFA) are the two mainstream accounting approaches that have allowed an upsurge in the demand for relevant information to augment...
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...Environmental Laws ENV/320 June 16, 2014 Siroos Mostaghimi Environmental Laws Paper The Endangered Species Act of 1973 was put forth in legislature to provide protection for threatened and endangered species and to preserve biodiversity. The Act has been amended several times since its birth. The following paper will further discuss the Endangered Species Act history, the responsible parties for enforcing the Act, where the Act can be located in the Code of Federal Regulation and the United States legal code, and the benefits as well as the costs regarding the Act. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 The original Endangered Species Preservation Act was created in 1966 with the goal of providing a means of listing native species as endangered and giving them limited protection (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services, 2013). In 1969 the Act was amended to include species protection against worldwide extinction through prohibiting the selling and importation of endangered species in the United States (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services, 2013). In 1973 during a conference in Washington eighty nations signed the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, which would monitor and restrict if necessary international commerce if believed that trade would harm plant and animal species (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services, 2013). In 1973 the Endangered Species Act was passed by Congress replacing the Endangered Species Preservation Act of 1969. The Act...
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...Futility of International Environmental Governance The increased frequency of irregular climatic events, among which are violent hurricanes, whirling tornados and record-breaking temperatures has resulted in an amplified concern in the changing climate. “Certainly, this is no coincidence; extreme circumstances often serve to galvanize public attention.” These rising trends of environmental awareness have superseded individual societies. Resultantly, there have been countless efforts of working towards pragmatic solutions to environmental concerns by means of global governance as an international collective. “The distinct characteristics of global governance lies in the assumption that the effective handling of problems is no longer the exclusive responsibility of government but of joint activities by governments, international and supranational institutions.” This understanding of global interconnectedness has incited the creation of numerous organizations, institutions and international environmental initiatives, specifically the Kyoto Protocol. However, environmental impediments have not seen notable improvements and can be attributed to the flaws of global environmental governance. Firstly, contributing to the failure of environmental policies is the ineffective structure of the Kyoto Protocol. Furthermore, with the rise of globalization, neoliberal ideals have prioritized market successes at the detriment of the environment and international environmental initiatives. Lastly...
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...Riordan Manufacturing, Inc. Corporate Compliance Plan Law 531 January 24, 2012 Prof. Dunn MBA, JD Riordan Manufacturing, Inc. Corporate Compliance Plan Compliance Recently under the “Responsible Officer Doctrine”, the law has reacted against unethical officers and directors by making them potentially liable for their decisions. Implementing a Corporate Compliance plan will protect the company as it complies with federal law in an effort to monitor its commitment to upholding values and mission statements. The management team will also promote ethical commitment throughout management and operations. Since Riordan may be affected by government contracts law, participation in the Medicare and Medicaid program, and environmental law, Baker states that it is imperative to implement such plan immediately. Although unlikely, the company also faces threats from changes in intentional violation of copyright law and RICO claims rooted on espionage (p. 1). Riordan Manufacturing As Fortune 1000 international industry leaders in plastic manufacturing, Riordan must implement a plan that will protect help protect its assets and investments. With an impeccable research and development team consistently exceeding expectations the company has managed to use its patented polymer material technique to help customers solve evolving needs for innovative products. With rigorous controls and reasonable pricing the company has had success in manufacturing plastic bottles...
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