...What Is Environmental Psychology Environmental psychology is a discipline or field of psychology dealing with conservation and health psychologies. There are many theoretical approaches to environmental psychology. Several of these theories also tie into individual psychology as well. Two of the theories that connect both these psychologies are the alderian theory and Barker’s theory of under population. Research is very important to both the theories and environmental psychology as a field. Research and the lack of visible results was one of the reasons this field was born from the conservationist field of psychology. Environmental Psychology Environmental psychology examines the interrelationship between environments and human behavior and in this field the term environment is defined very broadly to include all that is natural on the planet as well as social settings, built environments, learning environments and informational environments (Young, 1999). From the beginning, environmental psychology has included researchers concerned with the health of the environment, and a great deal of research relevant to conservation psychology has been done by environmental psychologists (Clayton & Myers, 2009). Environmental psychologies roots come from late 1960s studies and research of other fields, although its exact origin is somewhat unknown (Clayton & Myers, 2009). There are many theories about this particular field of study – environmental psychology. Theories...
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...C H A P T E R The External Environment 4 The Environmental Domain Task Environment • General Environment • International Context Environmental Uncertainty Simple-Complex Dimension • Stable-Unstable Dimension • Framework Adapting to Environmental Uncertainty Positions and Departments • Buffering and Boundary Spanning • Differentiation and Integration • Organic Versus Mechanistic Management Processes • Planning and Forecasting Resource Dependence Controlling Environmental Resources Establishing Interorganizational Linkages • Controlling the Environmental Domain • Organization-Environment Integrative Framework Chapter Four The External Environment 53 M any companies are surprised by changes in the external environment. Perhaps the greatest tumult for today’s organizations has been created by the rapid expansion of e-commerce. For example, Amazon.com was ringing up on-line book sales for more than a year before managers at Barnes & Noble even began thinking about a Web site. Barnes & Noble was highly successful with its book superstore concept, but its early efforts in e-commerce were marked by costly mistakes and missed opportunities. Even though the company burned through $100 million in an effort to “crush Amazon,” Barnesandnoble.com was still selling only 15 percent of books bought online compared to Amazon’s 75 percent.1 Firms in every industry, from auto manufacturing to telecommlunications, face similar uncertainty. Many factors in the external environment...
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...A REPORT ON A FIELD ATTACHMENT AT NEMA HOMABAY COUNTY OFFICE LOCATED IN HOMABAY TOWN WITHIN HOMABAY DISTRICT HEADQUARTERS OFFICES BY STEPHEN OYOO ADUDA N38/2607/2010 A FIELD ATTACHMENT REPORT SUBMITTED TO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE AWARD OF A BACHELOR’S DEGREE IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE September 2013 The attachment was supervised by: Host Supervisors: Mr. Solomon Kihiu Mr. John Maniafu University Supervisors: Dr. Richard Kerich ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Sincere thanks goes to the lecturers at Kenyatta University Main Campus, School of Environmental Studies for their dedication in equipping me with the necessary knowledge and their immeasurable interaction with and mentorship to their students. I owe special thanks to Mr. Solomon Kihiu, the County Director of Environment, NEMA Homa Bay County, and Mr. John Maniafu, the County Environment Officer, NEMA Homabay County Office, my host supervisors, for giving me the opportunity to be attached in their office and for giving me their unreserved advise, guidance, technical and academic support. Special thanks also go to Dr. Richard Kerich, my university supervisor, for his sincere assessment of my work and for directing me in ensuring the success of my attachment. I would also like to thank my colleague attachees and interns at NEMA Homabay County Office for their insights, constant guidance and encouragement throughout the entire attachment period. I also thank my classmates and family members...
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...CONTAMINATION 1 Remediating Agricultural Water Contamination: Problem, Solution, and Barriers Paper Student Name COMM 2367 MWF 9:10 Instructor Name September 29, 2012 REMIEDIATING AGRICULTURAL WATER CONTAMINATION Remediating Agricultural Water Contamination: Problem, Solution, and Barriers Paper Problem Concerns about water pollution are generally focused towards sources that are highly visible and chemically oriented. However, the greatest causes of water contamination and quantity abuse in the United States come from agricultural production (United States Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], 2012a), which is defined as a nonpoint source that pollutes with nutrients. In 2011, nine of the top ten corn and soybean producing states were located in the 2 Midwest (United States Census Bureau, 2012), making this region the largest agricultural region by volume produced in the U.S., and thus prone to environmental problems with alarming consequences. In order to meet production demands while bound by constrained budgets, farmers often turn to unsustainable practices to ensure a yield. These include irrigating their fields with groundwater (the water from natural basins underneath the ground), applying excessive amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus as fertilizer, and plowing the land in a way that reduces quality of soil structure (United States EPA, 2012b). All of these factors directly result in the rapid depletion of water resources in the Midwest, and the toxic nutrient...
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...Environmental Studies For Undergraduate Courses Erach Bharucha Textbook for Environmental Studies For Undergraduate Courses of all Branches of Higher Education Erach Bharucha for University Grants Commission Natural Resources i Preliminary Pages.p65 1 4/9/2004, 5:06 PM Credits Principal author and editor – Erach Bharucha Unit 1 – Erach Bharucha Unit 2 – Erach Bharucha, Behafrid Patel Unit 3 – Erach Bharucha Unit 4 – Erach Bharucha Unit 5 – Shamita Kumar Unit 6 – Erach Bharucha, Shalini Nair, Behafrid Patel Unit 7 – Erach Bharucha, Shalini Nair, Behafrid Patel Unit 8 – Erach Bharucha, Shambhvi Joshi Case Studies – Prasanna Kolte Co-ordination and compilation – Behafrid Patel Textbook Design – Narendra Kulkarni (Mudra), Sushma Durve Manuscript review and editing – Chinmaya Dunster, Behafrid Patel Artists – Sushma Durve and Anagha Deshpande CD ROM – Jaya Rai and Prasanna Kolte © Copyright Text – Erach Bharucha/ UGC, 2004. Photographs – Erach Bharucha Drawings – Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Environment Education and Research All rights reserved. Distributed by University Grants Commission, New Delhi. 2004. ii Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Courses Preliminary Pages.p65 2 4/9/2004, 5:06 PM Vision The importance of Environmental Studies cannot be disputed. The need for sustainable development is a key to the future of mankind. The degradation of our environment is linked to continuing problems of pollution, loss...
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...at what is GM where did they come from, GM was Found in 1908 By a William Durant, he build a company for horse-drawn vehicles to moving to the automobile industry. This is more then 100 years, in automotive care in the history of this come. (GENERAL MOTORS, 2013) When comes to the GM commitment to the environment, they have may many changes to make changes to the environment. Back in 1994 they have make significant improvement to reduce it factory emission, GM made a environmental Pledge to endorsing the “Ceres Principles” this was a tem point code of corporate environmental conduct. The Boston-based Ceres is a coalition of investor groups, representing over $300 billion in invested capital, and major U.S. environmental organizations, aligning financial and environmental interests. (Fleming, 2002) With GM Environmental and Ceres Principles describe goals for protecting human health, natural resources, and the global environment. With both of these come they are required to disclose the information on environmental impact and progress in al annual report. GM have increased the recycled content used in it vehicles they are increased the recyclability of it vehicles, they have also increased vehicle fuel economy model. "GM has shown, historically, its commitment to the environment," says Elizabeth Lowery, GM vice president for environment and energy. "We've improved our fuel efficiency model by model while still responding to market demands for larger utility vehicles. (Fleming,...
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...Environmental Fundamentals ENV 100 September 9, 2013 Environmental Fundamentals For a number of years, the planet and its environment have strived to meet the demands of the increasing growth in populations, global warming, and altered habitats, which has produced a global impact on the sense of balance between nature and man. The struggles amongst the environment do not affect one group of individuals or living entity; the whole planets population is concerned by environmental troubles. Each living entity on the planet may affect the environment. In order for individuals to preserve the planet, assistant in resolving environmental problems, and attain sustainability of the planet as it grows, a person should know the fundamental principles of environmental science. Environmental science may be described as the study of human connections with the environment. It is the interdisciplinary subject that blends knowledge from several disciplines such as geography, biology, chemistry, physics, geology, economics, cultural anthropology, sociology (particularly demography, the study of populations), natural resource management, engineering, agriculture, law, ethics, and politics (Berg & Hager, 2009, p1.4). Science and Technology effect the Environment Science and technology affect environmental challenges and resolutions in today’s culture. Science and technology both support humanity by assisting in the advancement of new innovations for surviving, but likewise...
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...check spelling and grammar - make the wiki interesting for your readers. * This assessment is 10% weighting over 30 marks. | LEARNING OUTCOME ASSESSED: LO 3: Students will use analytical tools to evaluate the impact that internal and external environments have on organisations. | | | | | | Preparation: Using Pumpkin Patch Ltd, as a Case Study: Read the case study page 57 of your textbook: Crunch Time: What would you do? For further information go to: http://www.pumpkinpatch.biz/documents/762_Press_Release_FY11.pdf http://www.pumpkinpatch.co.nz Task: 1. Analyse the external environmental (mega and task) for this organization, and then assess the characteristics of the environment and comment on the environmental elements in relation to their external environment (10 marks). 2. Analyse the internal environmental conditions for this organisation by: assessing the type of culture of the organization, assess the culture in terms of organisational innovation (operator, engineering or executive) (10 marks). 3. Create a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) for the organisation - for each SWOT listed, indicate whether it impacts on the internal or external environment of this organisation. (10 marks) The following criteria will be...
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...SCI/256: Week 1 NOTES – Environmental Science and Environmentalism ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Environmental Science is the study how humans interact with their environment. Environmental Science is interdisciplinary - brings together information from several physical, biological and social sciences. The main goal of environmental science is to solve environmental problems using science. What is “Natural Environment”? –Environment is our natural surroundings consisting of living and nonliving things. The Earth is part of our environment, comprising 4 “Spheres” Biosphere (living things), Hydrosphere (water), Atmosphere (Air) and Lithosphere (land). Human Impacts: Humans are altering the environment and creating environmental problems. Our main problem involves human population growth and the use of earth’s resources and environmental pollution. Environmental Problems – Examples (a) Depletion of Natural Resources (b) Deforestation (c) Global climate changes (d) Loss of biodiversity (e) Pollution of Air, Water, Land Ecological Footprint is a measure of humanity’s demand on nature. A carbon footprint is "the total set of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by a person Impacts of Rapid Population Growth: Rapid population growth depletes the Earth’s resources diminishes, quality of life, and damages the environment. Impacts on the environment include, (a) land degradation, (b) air and water pollution...
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...Professor Timothy Edlund BUAD 499.004 October 23, 2012 Sustainability and Environmental Standards: Seeking Competitive Distinction at Damaí Lovina Villas 1. What was the relationship between tourism and social/environmental issues in Bali? Answer The relationship between the tourism and social environmental issues in Bali is that Tourism in Bali began when the Dutch marketed the island as a cruise destination during the 1920s. Initial visitors were expatriate artists, ethnologists, writers, and musician all of whom were influential in spreading information regarding Bali's unique culture and beautiful landscape and social environmental is that tourism was the island’s financial boon but it also was causing serious social and environmental problems. In general, environmental regulations in Bali were lacking since existing standards were not enforced and growth often was promoted to the detriment of the environment. 2. What government policies have affected Bali’s environmental status? Answer In Bali government regulations were insufficient since existing standards were not enforced and growth often was promoted to the detriment of the environment. Dredging projects rarely involved environmental impact studies or guaranteed protection of natural areas as required by law. Also there were common accusations of corruption in government agencies tasked with protecting the Island’s environmental resources. Due to major government deficiency in regulations for the environment...
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...Fundamental Principles of Environmental Science Rebecka McCollough ENV/100 December 18, 2012 Crystal Stawiery Fundamental Principles of Environmental Science Even though we think we cannot do without material things, we need to conserve our natural resources because depletion of renewable resources will kill our planet. If we do all we can to ensure environmental sustainability and the rejuvenation of natural resources, as a society we can ensure a prosperous future for our children and grandchildren. Environmental science is the study of various factors that affect our environment. Some of these factors are global warming, pollution, overpopulation, and over consumption of natural resources. According to Berg and Hager (2009), “The focus of environmental science is identifying, understanding, and solving problems that we as a society have generated.” As a society, we want material things to show our status in society. Many times we do not focus on at what cost it is to our environment to have these things. We need to stop focusing on the wants and start focusing on the needs. Water is a resource that we need; a television is a material want. If we stop and look at what resources an individual needs to survive, we would find that it is very low. We need shelter to live in, water to drink, and food to eat. As technology advances in our country, it attributes to the depletion of our natural resources...
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...Lack of bio-diversity appears to impact environments as much as worldwide heating, contamination and other significant types of ecological stress, according to results of a new study by a worldwide research team. The research determines that reduced bio-diversity impacts environments at levels much like those of climatic change and air contamination. Some people have presumed that bio-diversity results are relatively minimal compared to other ecological stresses. Studies over the last two years confirmed that more naturally different environments are more effective. As a outcome, there has been growing concern that the very high rates of modern extinctions due to environment reduction, overharvesting and other human-caused ecological changes could reduce natural ability to provide products or services such as food, water that is clean and a constant environment. Until now, it's been uncertain how bio-diversity failures collection up against other human-caused ecological changes that impact environment health and efficiency. Lack of scientific variety due to varieties extinctions is going to have significant results in the world, and we need to prepare ourselves to deal with them. This global synthesis found that in areas where local varieties reduction during this millennium drops within the lower range of forecasts losses of 1 to 20 percent of place species, minimal results on environment place growth will outcome, and changes in varieties wealth will position low comparative...
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...Environmental Pollution SCI/256 November 12th 2012 Environmental Pollution Environmental pollution refers to any disapproving modification of our environment and alteration in the natural value of the environment, entirely or mostly as a spin-off of man’s activities. The action of man and the destruction caused to the environment may affect the whole living organism on the earth. Every humanoid civilization, disposes of certain kinds of materials and waste. Man has been endlessly abusing the land and its resources to gratify the unlimited want and demand for minerals of all kinds. Due to growth in the rate of human population the amount of trees on the planet has decreased by about 15%. This resulted from the worldwide loss of the forest and species existing in this forest. The cropland has enlarged progressively due to the irrigation facilities, but on the other hand it has naturally grown at the cost and expense of the lands that humans take from, the forest, grasslands and wetlands. Environmental scientists regularly relate methodology and simultaneously conduct scientific research to resolve numerous environmental related complications by reviewing all the related pieces to third issue to find out an answer to it. In modern civilization individuals consume more than they harvest or produce, therefore we can see that the overall consumption of product is rising faster than the production. The U.S. has only 4.7% of the global population, but consumes...
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...Washington Mall is none other than Leonardo Di Caprio. Earth Day 1970 provoked a torrent of apocalyptic predictions. "We have about five more years at the outside to do something," ecologist Kenneth Watt declared to a Swarthmore College audience on April 19, 1970. The day after Earth Day, even the staid New York Times editorial page warned, "Man must stop pollution and conserve his resources, not merely to enhance existence but to save the race from intolerable deterioration and possible extinction. Three decades later, of course, the world hasn't come to an end; if anything, the planet's ecological future has never looked so promising. The prophets of doom were not simply wrong, but spectacularly wrong. More important, many contemporary environmental alarmists are similarly mistaken when they continue to insist that the Earth's future remains an eco-tragedy that has already entered its final act. Such doomsters ignore the simple fact that increased wealth, population, and technological innovation don't degrade and destroy the...
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...II. A THEORY STATED: STRATEGY’S LOGIC There is an essential unity to all strategic experience in all periods of history because nothing vital to the nature and function of war and strategy changes. Strategy provides a coherent blueprint to bridge the gap between the realities of today and a desired future. It is the disciplined calculation of overarching objectives, concepts, and resources within acceptable bounds of risk to create more favorable future outcomes than might otherwise exist if left to chance or the hands of others. It is the consideration of the relation of how to apply resources to achieve desired results in a specific strategic environment over time. In the context of the state, strategy is the employment of specific instruments of power (political/diplomatic, economic, military, and informational) to achieve the political objectives of the state in cooperation or in competition with other actors pursuing their own— possibly conflicting—objectives.9 In other words, it is the application of the power inherent in the natural and societal resources of the state toward policy ends in an emerging, dynamic, and competitive strategic environment. Both strategy and planning are subordinate to the nature of the environment. Strategy has distinct attributes and differs from planning in its scope, assumptions, and premises, but it provides the structure and parameters for more detailed long-range and short-term planning. Both strategy and planning...
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