...TOURISM SUSTAINABILITY IN KENYA Overtime, an increasing number of destinations have opened up and invested in tourism development, turning modern tourism into a key driver for socio economic progress, through the creation of jobs and enterprises, infrastructure development, and the export income earned (UNWTO2009). Tourism has become one of the major international trade categories. The overall export income generated by international tourism including passengers transport reached US$ 1.1 trillion in 2008, or US$ 3 billion a day (UNWTO2009). Tourism exports account for as much as 30% of the world’s exports of commercial services and 6% of overall exports of goods and services. Globally, as an export category, tourism ranks fourth after fuels, chemicals and automotive products. For many developing countries it is one of the main income sources and the number one export category, creating much needed employment and opportunities for development (UNWTO2009). Ecotourism and sustainable tourism development has become the catch word today. The concept of sustainability has its origins in the environmentalism that grew to prominence in the 1970s. The explicit idea of sustainable development was first highlighted by the International Union Today sustainable development has become an international catch word and its import for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN, 1980) in its World Conservation Strategy. The importance of the sustainable development in the global...
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...This article was downloaded by: [84.73.77.235] On: 21 September 2013, At: 09:20 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of Sustainable Tourism Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rsus20 Toward sustainable educational travel Joshua Long , Alison Vogelaar & Brack W. Hale a a b c Southwestern University, Environmental Studies , 1001 E. University Blvd., Georgetown , TX , 78626 , United States b Franklin College Switzerland , Communication and Media Studies , Lugano , Switzerland c Franklin College Switzerland , Environmental Science , Lugano , Switzerland Published online: 30 Jul 2013. To cite this article: Joshua Long , Alison Vogelaar & Brack W. Hale , Journal of Sustainable Tourism (2013): Toward sustainable educational travel, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2013.819877 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2013.819877 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views...
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...“Casino Filipino: It’s impact to the Tourism Industry as perceived by the resident of Tagaytay City” aimed to determine the acceptability of Casino Filipino and its impacts to tourism industry as perceived by the residents of Tagaytay City. They find out the cultural, economic, and social impacts of Casino Filipino to the tourism industry as perceived by the residents of Tagaytay City. They used the descriptive form of method research to gather the needed information. They asked 150 residents of Tagaytay City. Questionnaire was used as the main tool in gathering needed information. In cultural impacts, the highest mean of score they got is in the preservation and restoration of heritage site, next is the acceptance of tourist values, revival of traditional arts and crafts. In economic impacts, the highest mean of score they got is in the better employment opportunities, next is the improved community infrastructure, and improvement of small businessess. Last is the social impacts, the residents respond by giving highest score in increasing public service, benefits to the residents, improved the communication skills is also considered. All of the three impacts as we can see is respectively agreed by the respondent. Coccossis (1996) asserts that sustainable tourism can be taken in four different interpretations that include” economic sustainability of tourism”, the “ecologically Sustainable tourism”,” sustainable tourism development” with both focus of environment ...
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...Sustainable tourism is one of the pre-requisites of achieving sustainable development. the concept of tourism with sustainability and development gets its historical inclusion from mass tourism that got flourished in 1960s due to advent of jet aircraft and the passions for tourism got tremendous following and it also reached Third World countries (Dann, 2002). It was also argued that this boost pushed organizations like World Bank and UN to examine the cost benefit analysis of tourism and it was acknowledged that potential costs of tourism are far lower than financial benefits in shape of balance pf payment surpluses, infrastructure development, and employment and foreign exchange gains. So that gave rise to the concept of sustainable tourism as one of the source of bringing sustainable development. According to the World’s Summit on Sustainable Development (2002), it is claimed that Tourism is the world’s largest industry where in 2000, 698 million people travelled internationally which 7.3 % more than 1999. Similarly the economic worth of international tourism was US$477.9 billion in 2000 (Papers4you.com, 2006). In terms of one concrete definition, literature suggests that it is not fixed and is ever evolving. However Coccossis (1996) asserts that sustainable tourism can be taken in four different interpretations that include” economic sustainability of tourism”, the “ecologically sustainable tourism”,” sustainable tourism development” with both focus of environment as...
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...The Economic Effects of Tourism Industry and Need for Sustainability Dheeraj K 213031 II Year Monsoon Semester (2014) The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences The Economic Effects of Tourism Industry and Need for Sustainability The Tourism industry is one of the biggest contributors to the global economy. It is a fast growing and constantly expanding industry. The tourism industry has other associated industries it thrives on and this makes this one of the most important sectors of the economy. This paper seeks to examine the economic impacts of the tourism industry, track its growth and effect on the global scale and discuss the need for a sustainable growth. Introduction The Tourism industry encompasses all the firms, organizations and facilities which are intended to serve the specific needs and wants of the tourists. It is a booming and ever growing industry which currently constitutes 9.2 percent of the World’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In the post-world-war era, most of the developing countries had to turn to tourism to increase revenues and remedies for balance of payments deficits. The nature of demand and supply conditions of the tourism industry has also influenced its growth. The industry utilizes simple technology and resources like sunshine, existing scenery and manpower. The demand for tourism is ever rising; from 25 million international tourists in 1950 to 1.087 billion in 2013. The industry has been clocking nearly...
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...Running Head: TOURISM DEVELOPMENT Tourism Development and Planning [Name of the Writer] [Name of the Institute] Tourism Development and Planning Introduction Tourism is defined as those friendly tourist activities with the natural, cultural and social and community values, which allows you to enjoy a positive exchange of experience among residents and visitors, where the relationship between tourists and the community is fair and benefits the activity is distributed fairly, and where visitors have a truly participatory attitude in their travel experience. Tourism is fundamental for the economy of many regions, like Thailand. Because tourism involves attracting foreign exchange, it is generally the only means of economic development for some nations. It provides an opportunity for development, employment marketing and sale of local goods etc. It also helps in creating service industries, which are crucial for the development of a region. Many evolving nations like the overview of tourism as a vehicle for financial development, granted its promise to profit from foreign exchange, decrease earnings and paid work disparities, reinforce linkages amidst financial parts and assist to alleviate poverty. The dispute opposite policy maker is to have a broader viewpoint and better comprehending, that there can be both affirmative and contradictory consequences from tourism development. Tourism, in fact, has a number of features that make it an activity to be...
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...| Environmental and Sustainability Management Educating hotel guests and tourists | BUAD 390 | | | | Table of Contents Introduction 2 Findings 2 Situation 2 Problem 4 Solution 6 Evaluation 6 Conclusion 7 Recommendations 8 References 9 Introduction This report will look at exactly why it is so important to educate hotel guests and tourists about environmental sustainability. Tourism is one of the top service industries in the world, there is millions of dollars being used to fund these beautiful destinations; equally as much money should be invested to keep the environment sustainable. It’s good ethical practice; the humanistic argument is without a clean environment, human health will be harmed. Without stock of renewable resources for future generations, the lives of those will be poorer quality than ours. (Grace, Cohen, & Holmes, 2014)William Blackstone has quoted saying “everyone has the right to a livable environment, then others have an obligation to allow free enjoyment of this right.” (Grace, Cohen, & Holmes, 2014). The three main groups of guests hotel chains face concerning this matter are: the ones that care about the planet and society, the ones that ask what is in it for me, and the ones who couldn’t be bothered. It is up to hotels which type of guests they wish to cater to, keeping in mind that they risk damaging their relationship...
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...THE TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM WORLD WIDE SUSTAINBALE TOURISM – A PRELUDE: Tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors of the global economy. The developing countries are attempting to cash in on this expanding industry with the objective to boost their foreign investment and financial reserves. The uncontrolled growth of this industry can result in serious environmental and social problems. Organizations like the United Nations contend that such negative effects can be controlled and reduced. With the basic tenet that ‘TOURISM NEEDS TO BE MORE SUSTAINABLE', the world body ( WTO- world trade organization) organized a meeting with the UN Commission on Sustainable Development. This meeting aimed at bringing together national and local governments, the tourism industry, trade unions and activist groups to articulate the principles and the road map for the goal of sustainable tourism, which is popularly known as Ecotourism. OPPORTUNITIES ON THE WALL: If we consider the International travel statistics, it is clear that in 1950, from a 25 million tourists, it grew to a billion by 2012. 1 billion international tourists traveling the world in a single year. Around 5 billion more traveled domestically within their own countries. These tourists generated over US$ 1 trillion in exports for the countries they visited, which is close to 6% of the world’s exports of goods and services, and 30% of exports if we consider services alone. One in every 12 jobs worldwide...
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...Assignment 4: Toward Sustainability? Tourism in the Republic of Cyprus Due Week 10 and worth 200 points Tourism has both a positive and negative impact on the local community. Many communities look toward tourism to bring strong economic growth and stability; however, often times, communities overlook the potential negative social, political, and environmental impact. For this assignment, refer to the case study titled “Towards Sustainability: Tourism in the Republic of Cyprus,” found in the Harris, L.C, & Husbands, W 1996 case book. Write a six to eight (6-8) page paper in which you: 1. Provide an overview of the tourism activities in Cyprus prior to the contemporary development and planning of tourism. 2. Assess the economic, social, political, and environmental impact of tourism prior to the contemporary development and planning of tourism. State why proper tourism planning and development was needed. 3. Summarize the contemporary tourism planning process the government of Cyprus, the Cyprus Tourism Organization (CTO), and the World Tourism Organization (WTO) conducted and the effects of the plan. Critique the plan’s effectiveness and recommend what could have been done differently. 4. Recommend three (3) strategies for moving Cyprus toward sustainability with its tourism industry. 5. Conduct a financial analysis of the tourism industry in Cyprus today and a future projection of tourism demand for Cyprus. 6. Compare and contrast another coastal tourism destination with Cyprus...
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...Hotels – Hyatt 5 3 Star Hotels – Hilton 7 2 Star Hotels – Days Inn (Wyndham) 8 1 Star Hotels – Econo Lodge 9 Conclusion 9 Bibliography 10 In today’s world environmentally sustainable management is an important issue in many industries. The tourism industry has a large impact on the economic benefits of a country by increasing jobs, increasing income, and GDP. However, the tourism industry also has a great impact on the environment. These environmental impacts are not always as positive as economical one. It is important for hotels to help their communities by reducing their carbon footprint. It is for this reason, that many hotel chains have created environmental sustainability strategies. In this essay, I will briefly discuss agenda 21, and other sustainable management initiatives. I will also examine, several different hotel chains, in an attempt to see if their environmental strategies are consistent with a hotel’s rating. Sustainable Management Initiatives Agenda 21 was presented at the World Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. Its purpose it “to provide a blueprint for securing the sustainable future of the planet” (Agenda 21, n.d.). This initiative outlined the following areas that may help hotels create their environmental sustainable strategies: 1. Waste minimization. 2. Energy conservation. 3. Management of fresh water resources. 4. Wastewater...
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...twentieth century, tourism industries become an integral part of the country economy growth. One of the earliest tourism was mass tourism; this kind of tourism did not take fully ‘sustainability’ into account. After several years, most of the countries realised that they are facing problems and issues associated with tourism industry (by the tourist and tourism entrepreneurs) either on the country’s economics, social and environment i.e. impacts that can be positive and negative. Due to this, new form of tourism emerged – sustainable tourism, as an alternative to the classic mass tourism. Concepts of Sustainability Tourism: Ecotourism After 1960, sustainability has become a commonly used term, however, the definition of term or concepts of ‘sustainable’ is ambiguous. This is due to the lack of guidelines, and some countries and researchers’ theories have different perspectives and interpretations. The notion that tourism could be “sustainable” is part of the dialogue on sustainable development. The WT0-OMT defines sustainable tourism as “sustainable tourism development meets the needs of present tourists and host regions while protection and enhancing opportunities for the future. It is envisaged as leading to management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems”. The concept of sustainable tourism has moved beyond...
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...needs of the people without sacrificing the natural resources for the future generations, the program must take the idea of sustainable development which is now one of the emerging trends in the economy. In terms of sustainable development, many countries nowadays, find tourism industry as one tool. Tourism, as defined in the Poverty Alleviation for Sustainable Tourism Development Manual of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia Pacific, is a socio-economic phenomenon comprised of the activities and experiences of tourists and visitors away from their home environment, serviced by the travel and tourism industry and host destinations. Tourism offers various economic, social, cultural and physical environmental benefits which can be generated from the array of services, also called tourism supply. Tourism supply components are classified into five (5) main categories: (1) natural resources, (2) infrastructure, (3) hospitality, (4) transportation, and (5) superstructure. Products of these supplies are anchored on the labor of both the public and private sectors.[i] The industry is generally a profit-oriented and satisfaction of the tourists and visitors is the main factor to stay long in the industry. With the current global financial crisis, and the...
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...Sustainable tourism is a way for Canadian government to meet efficiently its economic and social needs of people. Introduction. "Sustainability - meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" BRUNTLAND REPORT (1987) Tourism is a major component of economic growth all over the world. Especially in coastal areas where it is also a for sustainable development. Tourism is expected to exert an increasing influence on coastal landscape, ecosystem and cultural heritage management. Coastal tourism, as well as tourism in general, is to a large extent dependant on an environment that is attractive to visitors. Consequently, protection of natural and cultural heritage is a precondition for sustainable coastal tourism. Protecting areas and sites constitutes an efficient and necessary way of safeguarding natural and cultural heritage. Therefore, such areas contribute strongly to sustainable coastal tourism, even though a sound balance between protection and development has to be strived for in each individual case. This is why the nations of the world have committed themselves to the sustainable development of their natural and cultural heritage by signing international agreements. Some of them specifically address coastal zones but the majority is more general and wide ranging. Natural heritage includes biodiversity, natural scenery, value for outdoor recreation, etc. and is best managed in line with the requirements...
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...Discuss the effect that international tourism has on developing countries and suggest what measures can be taken to ensure sustainable tourism. Tourism is one of the most profitable and growing sectors for the economy of many developing countries. Governments are aware both of this and the opportunities that lie within the industry, and wish to, with the combined effort of public and private sectors, focus on providing goods and services to international tourists for economic benefits to the country. Tourism creates jobs and eventually leads to a better standard of living for the country’s inhabitants. However, too much focus on economic gain can risk neglect in other areas and negate any progress. This essay outlines the effect of tourism in terms of the economic and environmental, social and political issues in developing countries. The tourism industry in developing countries is constantly supported by various supplementary services such as the transportation services, travelling services, hospitality services and others. This indicates the vast range of industrial and economic integration of international tourism across the world. However, there is an on-going failure for economic systems to see the whole picture and to consider other aspects to implement correct development strategies to help ensure conservation, rather than just economic, short-term gain. Tourism has consistently been shown to have a negative impact on the environment through land erosion, noise...
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...Sustainable Tourism; Myth or Reality? Sustainable Tourism is a term derived from the 1978 Rio Summit United Nations Report on the Environment which can be defined as; “Tourism development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability for future generations to meet their own needs.” In the following agenda 21 process, travel and tourism was one of the industries identified as having the potential to make a positive contribution to a healthier planet. The diagrams above shows that if tourist destination is to be sustainable, it must aim to be a balance between social, environmental and economic factors to ensure that no damage is done which has the potential to be detrimental in the future. Ecotourism is a sub-component of the field of sustainable tourism. Eco-tourism's perceived potential as an effective tool for sustainable development is the main reason why developing countries are now embracing it and including it in their economic development and conservation strategies. Eco-tourism, as an alternative tourism, involves visiting natural areas in order to learn, to study, or to carry out activities environmentally friendly, that is; a tourism based on the nature experience, which enables the economic and social development of local communities. Eco-tourism destinations such as the Palau Conservation Society encourages sustainable development to protect...
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