...Transportation Problems of Dhaka City: Findings from an Opinion Survey A. Introduction Over the last few years the transportation problem of Dhaka City has visibly been deteriorating steadily. Citizens constantly complain about the unbearable twin problems of traffic jam and air pollution. Democracywatch decided to address this problem through an opinion poll covering around eight hundred households randomly selected from several purposively selected neighbourhoods of the city, representatives of middle and lower income areas. The questions asked focused mainly on three issues: (a) the nature of the problem as perceived by the surveyed residents, (b) their understanding about the causes of these problems and (c) their recommendations on solutions to these perceived problems. Some preliminary results from this survey were presented at a workshop, which was participated by persons associated with the formulation and implementation of traffic policies, rules and programmes. This Draft Final Report benefits from valuable discussion and comments received at the workshop. The methodology of this survey is explained below in brief. It is easy to see that the study extended beyond a standard opinion poll and entered the arena of investigative research in seeking some explanations to perceptions as well as behaviour. The findings are presented mainly in the form of self-explanatory tables with some introductory highlights and conclusions. A further extension of the survey...
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...------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form Other Free Encyclopedias » Medicine Encyclopedia » Aging Healthy - Part 3 Physiological Changes age aging differences aging age disease deterioration Ads by Google It is evident even from casual observation of physical activities, such as walking, that elderly people exhibit a deterioration of physiological processes. Moreover, the inability of athletes to continue peak performance when they reach their thirties or forties indicates that deterioration begins at a relatively young age and progresses in severity from that point on. Indeed, many studies have confirmed that most physiological processes deteriorate progressively after about thirty years of age, some functions more severely affected than others. Most of the research on age-associated physiological deterioration has utilized cross-sectional studies; that is, subjects of different ages are studied at a given point in time (e.g., the calendar year 1990). These are called cross-sectional studies because the data are collected from a cross section of the population. Since this study design provides information quickly and relatively inexpensively, it is widely used. However, because of generational factors and selective mortality, the cross-sectional design can yield erroneous information about aging. An example of how a generational factor may confound an aging study is illustrated by a hypothetical 1970 cross-sectional study of...
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...Other Free Encyclopedias » Medicine Encyclopedia » Aging Healthy - Part 3 Physiological Changes age aging differences aging age disease deterioration Ads by Google It is evident even from casual observation of physical activities, such as walking, that elderly people exhibit a deterioration of physiological processes. Moreover, the inability of athletes to continue peak performance when they reach their thirties or forties indicates that deterioration begins at a relatively young age and progresses in severity from that point on. Indeed, many studies have confirmed that most physiological processes deteriorate progressively after about thirty years of age, some functions more severely affected than others. Most of the research on age-associated physiological deterioration has utilized cross-sectional studies; that is, subjects of different ages are studied at a given point in time (e.g., the calendar year 1990). These are called cross-sectional studies because the data are collected from a cross section of the population. Since this study design provides information quickly and relatively inexpensively, it is widely used. However, because of generational factors and selective mortality, the cross-sectional design can yield erroneous information about aging. An example of how a generational factor may confound an aging study is illustrated by a hypothetical 1970 cross-sectional study of cognitive function in which Americans in the third decade of life were compared...
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...In the film “Skin Deep,” Nina Jablonski theorized that variation in human skin color is due to the environmental factors of geography and the sun’s ultraviolet radiation, not race. Skin pigmentation is important to human health because it developed as the body’s way of balancing its need for vitamin D and folate. Because human skin color correlates closely with annual levels of UV radiation levels based on geography, the skin needs to have the correct pigmentation in order to endure the UV light from the sun. (Jablonski, “Skin Deep”) 4. Identify the five unnatural elements of human sexuality, which Jared Diamond suggests separate human behavior from the behavior of most mammals. (10 pts) • Most other mammals like individually, not in pairs,...
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...Realities of climate change Name Institution Climate is a measure of the average pattern of variation in temperature, atmospheric pressure, sunshine, wind precipitation, atmospheric particle and other meteorological variables in a given region over a particular long period of time. Climate differs from weather in that weather describes the atmospheric conditions of a certain region at a particular time while climate is the average atmospheric conditions of that region for a long period usually 30 or more years. Hence climate may also be defined as the average weather of a region of a given region over a longer period of time. Climate of a place has components which include; atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. Climate change is the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change lasts for an extended period of time. Climate change may also be termed as the carbon change because this change is caused by the accumulation of carbon dioxide and other particles that prevent part of the sun’s warming rays from reaching the earth’s atmosphere. The burning of carbon fuels notably wood, oil and coal generates greenhouse gases which creates a layer that trap the heat from the sun close to the earth’s atmosphere. These greenhouse gases cause depletion of the ozone layer that protects the human skin from harmful ultra violet sun rays that may cause cancer. Hospitality and Tourism industry have a two way relationship with the climate. The two way...
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...Risk-Based Inspection API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 580 SECOND EDITION, NOVEMBER 2009 --``,,,,,``,,`,``,``,`````````,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- --``,,,,,``,,`,``,``,`````````,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Risk-Based Inspection Downstream Segment --``,,,,,``,,`,``,``,`````````,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 580 SECOND EDITION, NOVEMBER 2009 Special Notes API publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed. API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, or federal laws. Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to particular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer or supplier of that material, or the material safety datasheet. Neither API nor any of API’s employees, subcontractors, consultants, or other assigns make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or utility of the information contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed in this publication, or represent that its used would...
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...Patient Education Plan NUR 427 Sidoney Roache Ulcerative Colitis Patient Education Plan Patient Description Larry Garcia is a 45 year old sales representative with 3 children. He has been married for 18 yrs to Monica, who is 8 yrs. his junior. Mr. Garcia has come to the emergency department reporting abdominal pain, cramping and frequent diarrhea with blood and pus in his stool for the past 2 days. He also has been having difficulty absorbing fluids and nutrients and as a result lost 4 1bs. His symptoms started at age 22 along with lactose intolerance. Larry is Caucasian and of Jewish descent. His regular diet consists of whole-grain breads with eggs for breakfast and for lunch he eats a bagel with cheese and some whole milk. Every Wednesday Larry eats cereal for breakfast and has pasta for lunch. He has a history of abdominal pain for the past 10 years. Mr. Garcia’s preferred learning style is visual as he explained in the initial interview. He learning style is visual because he prefers to read the material independently. He does not absorb verbal information easily. Introduction to the disease process for the Patient Education Plan: The disease process usually begins in the rectosigmoid area and spreads proximally. Pathologic change starts with degeneration of the reticulin fibers beneath the epithelial mucosa. This causes occlusion of the subepithelial capillaries and infiltration of the lamina propria with lymphocytes, leukocytes, eosinophils...
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...the emotions (Torrey). Schizophrenia is a common disorder, striking one person in every hundred (Schizophrenia). For most people, young adulthood means leaving home, starting a job and starting a family. For most schizophrenics, young adulthood means first admission to a psychiatric hospital. An unfortunate reality for young schizophrenics is the need for hospitalization during their most vibrant and productive time. The age of the first admission is younger for men than women, early twenties for males and mid-twenties for women. The reasoning behind this variation is not exactly known but there is speculation. One biological theory that exists is the help of the female sex hormones. Scientists speculate that these hormones may help delay the horrifying symptoms that afflict schizophrenics. Another question raised is who gets schizophrenia more commonly, men or women? Studies have shown there is no great variation in the numbers but in the severity of the symptoms. Men seem to suffer more severely. Scientists have attempted to explain this through differences in the brain. Research has shown schizophrenia tends to affect the left side of the brain. Males are generally "left- brained" or "right-brained" while females have less specialization on either side of the brain. This disorder usually appears earlier in men than in women; however, it affects both equally. Men ordinarily develop the disorder in their late teens or early twenties....
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...TUGAS PERSIAPAN UAS EXPORT IMPORT POLICY Dear students, Please answer these following questions: 1. What are intellectual property rights, their types and purpose? * Intellectual property rights (IPRs) are laws regarding the protection of intellectual property that describe the ways in which the creators of intellectual property can control its use. * Types of intellectual property rights: * Patents are the form of IPRs that protects inventions. * Utility models is an alternative to patents to protect inventions in some countries. * Industrial designs is an alternative to patents to protect features of a product that are produced by industrial means. * Copyrights are the form of IPRs that protects original works of authorship including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic and certain-other technology-based works such as computer programs, electronic databases, and multimedia productions. * Trademarks are the form of IPRs that protects a word, name, symbol/ device to indicate the source of a good and to distinguish it from other goods. * Servicemarks are the form of IPRs that protects a word, name, symbol/ device to indicate the source of a service. * Geographical indications are a variant of trademarks and servicemarks which is signs on a good associated with the origin of the good. * Plant Breeder’s Rights (PBRs)/ Plant Variety Rights (PVRs) are rights granted to the breeder of a new variety of...
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...Background of Study Jade Birkley PSY480/Senior Project February 14, 2013 Professor Eric Durbrow Background of the Study In a given year 2 million Americans and 25 million people worldwide suffer from one of the top ten most debilitating diseases. Schizophrenia is a long-term major mental disorder that affects several aspects of behavior, thinking, and emotion, which makes it difficult to tell between what is real and unreal; it is also characterized by positive and negative symptoms. Either being acute with a rapid beginning and good hopes of resurgence or a chronic longer term course that builds over time. Such variation in symptoms leads to observations of discord in patients. “According to the DSM-IV, schizophrenia is a disorder characterized by deteriorating ability to function in everyday life and by some combination of hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder, movement disorder, and inappropriate emotional expressions” (Kalat, 2009, p. 449). The positive symptoms fall into two cluster (psychotic and disorganized) and represent behaviors that are distorted version of normal functions. Psychotic symptoms consist of delusions (unsubstantiated beliefs) and hallucinations (hearing voices, seeing things others do not or feeling things that are not there). Disorganized symptoms “consist of inappropriate emotional displays, bizarre behaviors, incoherent speech, and thought disorder” (Kalat, 2009, p. 449). The negative symptoms represent behaviors deficiency or absence...
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...Thomas Wallace Dementia Praecox Mental Deterioration at an Early Age Introduction to Psychology Laura McCormick, Professor February 15, 2014 Thomas Wallace Dementia Praecox Mental Deterioration at an Early Age Introduction to Psychology Laura McCormick, Professor February 15, 2014 Abstract Schizophrenia, a classification of psychological disorders considered to be one of the most extreme in terms of psychological dysfunction and breakdown (Carson and Butcher, 1992). This disorder can result in a complete breakdown or alteration of reality. Schizophrenia is often termed psychotic in order to separate it from other disorders that are much milder in nature, such as Mood and Anxiety disorders. It is the goal of this paper to provide an overview of some of the issues and debates regarding this difficult and oft misunderstood disorder. What is Schizophrenia? Dementia Praecox, otherwise known as Schizophrenia, has been regarded as a uniquely distinct disease for well over a 100 years. This disease affects those areas that control how a person functions. It manipulates the individual’s thoughts, distorts their perceptions and causes hallucinations, particularly auditory. The person becomes delusional believing others can read their mind and thoughts of others are being placed in their head. According to the criteria for Schizophrenia described by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013)...
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...consequences for these children? In what ways will these children be affected? Will these effects show outwardly? The unsettling fact is: young children of divorced parents face great psychological challenges due to the environmental conditions and changes associated with divorce (Wolchik and Karoly). When we pass the year 2012, we will see two groups of working age adults emerging. One group will have received psychological, social, economic, educational and moral benefits and the other group will have been denied them all. The first group will have grown up with both parents present in the house and the second group will have not had both parents present. Parental conflict appears to have a pronounced effect on the coping efforts of children. The intense anxiety and anger between some parents in the early stages of divorce is real. Often time’s parents allow their children to get in the middle of fierce verbal fighting between them. Berating the other parent in front of the child is another way of placing the child in an unfair position, which in essence is expecting the child to choose between the parents. Any form of parental conflict, no matter to what degree, lends to a difficult adjustment period for children involved. (Jekielek). The deterioration in parent-child relationships after divorce is another leading cause in psychological problems for children. With a divorce comes a parenting plan of some kind. A child may experience shared custody between both parents or...
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...designed into a product from the start. It is only recently that companies in the United States and Europe began adopting Taguchi’ robust design approaches in an effort to improve product s quality and design robustness. What is robust design? Robust design is an “engineering methodology for improving productivity during research and development so that high-quality products can be produced quickly and at low cost” (Phadke, 1989). The idea behind robust design is to improve the quality of a product by minimizing the effects of variation without eliminating the causes (since they are too difficult or too expensive to conrol). His method is an off-line quality control method that is instituted at both the product and process design stage to improve product manufacturability and reliability by making products insensitive to environmental conditions and component variations. The end result is a robust design, a design that has minimum sensitivity to variations in uncontrollable factors. Dr. Genichi Taguchi bases his method on conventional statistical tools together with some guidelines for laying out design experiments and analyzing the results of these experiments. Taguchi's approach to quality control applies to the entire process of...
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...(Pokorny, J. (1999). Handbook of Food Preservation. 2nd Edition. New York: Dekker.) 2-Wrapping the jar in aluminium protects the potato chips from extensive ultraviolet and thus allows the chips to take longer to develop off-flavours and oxidize. In the clear jar, the UV light causes lipid oxidation, which caused the off-flavours within a shorter duration. (Nawar, W.W. (1996). Food Chemistry. 3rd Edition. New York: Dekker.) 3-They are packaged in containers that exclude light. . Proper food packaging (with foil) can retard product deterioration, retain the beneficial effect of processing, extend shelf life and maintain or increase the quality and safety of food. (Burton, W.G. (1996). The potato. 2nd Edition. Netherlands: Veenman & Zonen.) 4-Oxygen and water vapour are some of the factors that can cause off-flavours. Water vapour acts as a texturizing agent when it reacts with lipids thus causing a damp feel on the potato and allowing the growing of moulds to commence. The reaction of oxygen with lipids. (Lisinska, G. (2002). Potato Science and Technology.2nd Edition London:...
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...air pollution around coal mining area: Emphasizing on spatial distributions, seasonal variations and heavy metals, using cluster and principal component analysis Bhanu Pandey 1, Madhoolika Agrawal 1, Siddharth Singh 2 1 2 Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi–221005, India Environmental Management Group, Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research (CSIR), Barwa road, Dhanbad–826015, India ABSTRACT Jharia Coal field (JCF) in Jharkhand is the richest coal bearing area in India, which contains large quantities of high grade coking coal. The conventional coal fuel cycle is among the most destructive activities on the earth, threatening the health, polluting the air and water, harming the land, and contributing to global warming. The variations in air quality in terms of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter around JCF were evaluated over the period of 2010 and 2011 at five sites during different seasons. Air pollution index (API), calculated on the basis of suspended particulate matter (SPM), SO2 and NO2 concentrations was highest near the coal mining area. The ambient concentrations of heavy metals (in PM10) also showed significant temporal and spatial variations at different sites around coal mining areas. Pollutants dispersion and spatial variations were explained by the use of cluster analysis (CA). Multivariate statistica...
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