...Carbon Emissions Josie Williams Bethel University November 10, 2015 Instructor: Dr. Red Prudhon Abstract Our nation has taken a very important step in slowing the making and use of ozone-destroying chemicals. Some simple things the everyday Americans can do to prevent future damage to the ozone layer and better use or conservation of carbon emissions is to become more educated on how to better make use of the chemicals already present in the environment and not produce more harmful chemicals. There are some simple measures that can be taken by just influencing the ability of natural cures, like rain forest, to remove CO2 from the atmosphere. Carbon Emissions Carbon emissions is one of the main greenhouse gases, it is a colorless, odorless gas that is naturally emitted from the earth’s surface, and through human function, respiration, and plant function, photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide is release when we exhale and is used by plants as necessary part of photosynthesis, which produces glucose, carbohydrate that must be consumed by humans in order to have energy. Also from these natural processes, carbon dioxide is also emitted through the combustion or burning of fossil fuels such as coals, oils, and natural gas. This happens when vehicles are driven as well as when power plants and industrial plants are utilized. Combustion also called burning is...
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...Hector Sierra University of Phoenix Law 531 Businesses deal with tort liability and management in the day to day operations. Minimizing tort liability is a key factor in operating a successful business. Alumina Inc., has developed a plan to prevent, identify and implement corrective measures for handling tort liabilities. Recognizing and Minimizing Tort and Regulatory Risk Alumina Inc. is a $4bn U.S. based international aluminum company with eight locations worldwide. Alumina Inc. falls under certain government regulatory agencies and laws such as The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and CERCLA. Alumina Inc. was reported to be in violation of environmental discharge five years ago. Even though Alumina Inc. corrected the violation, Alumina Inc. still faces a possible bad reputation because of this incident. Alumina Inc. has had a good record ever since that incident was corrected. A local resident of the community named Kathy Bates has accused the company of repeatedly contaminating the waters of Lake Dira before. Kathy Bates has now filed a complaint against Alumina Inc. in regards to suspicion that her daughter contracted leukemia due to the consumption of contaminated water. This complaint calls for an investigation of the company’s practices with regard to the Clean Water Act of 1972. However, traffic is causing water pollution in Lake Dira as well. Increased traffic is poisoning the waters of Lake Dira with polycyclic...
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...will show that tap water is better for the most part. What is better Bottled water or Tap Water? What is better tap water or bottled water? People spend a lot of money on bottled water so some people think it’s better, but is it? All Tap and Bottled water is different so if you really want to know get the water tested. Bottled water is less regulated than tap water. Tap water is regulated by the EPA while bottled water is regulated by the FDA. The FDA tries to meet the EPA standard. Bottled water has a loophole so if it’s sold in the state it’s made then it’s not tested.[1][4] There have been some recalls of bottled water[2] Bottled water can go bad. Some of the plastic can get into the water, if you leave it outside.[4] don’t store Bottled water in hot places. Tap water will get metals in it from pipes. So if you have bad piping you may want to buy bottled water, but bottled water might not be better its tested way less,[5] so before you change to bottled water check to see if the brand is better than the Tap. Fluoride isn’t in some Bottled water. Fluoride is really good for your teeth. One of the top medical achievements of the 21st century according to the CDC. The cost of bottle water is more than Tap water. Tap water is cents for a gallon while the cheapest bottled water is $1 a gallon. It’s probably even tap water actually 25% of bottled water is tap water. A lot of the reason why people like Bottled water is marketing. The brand “Everest” doesn’t come Mount Everest...
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...green computing focuses on ways in reducing overall environmental impact, its main purpose is to find and promote new ways of reducing pollution, discovering alternative technologies, and creating more recyclable products (Gingichashvili, 2007). II. Background The plan of green computing has been around for several years, the government themselves play a role in it. For example the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) launched the 'energy star' program in the 90s, to promote energy efficient methods. The EPA today still plays an active role by providing not only energy effective methods, but also cost effective methods for the consumers. In 2006 the EPA established a way to save U.S. households and businesses money; "With an eye to saving U.S. households and businesses more than $1.8 billion in energy costs over the next 5 years, today EPA announced new Energy Star specifications for computers and related equipment. These new modifications are also expected to prevent greenhouse gas emissions equal to the annual emissions of 2.7 million cars."(Jones, 2006) Though the EPA is a recognizable agency, they are not the only ones who are promoting new ways of going green in the technological aspect. Organizations such as European Union and TCO...
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...the body. Just as you want to achieve a state of wellness for your body, you also want to achieve a state of wellness for your brain” (p. 1). Dr. Sears answer to maintaining brain and body wellness is by incorporating the dietary supplement omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil into one’s diet. Dr. Sears explains the brain loves adequate blood flow, stable blood sugar, and DHA. Furthermore, providing the body with what Dr. Sears touts as “what the body loves” the body functions at its highest efficiency. Fish oil contains two nutrients which improve the functioning of the brain, EPA, and DHA. Dr. Sears reveals: The long-chain omega-3 fatty acid contained in fish oil, EPA, will increase the production of “good” eicosanoids by decreasing the levels of arachidonic acid (the building block of “bad” eicosanoids). The higher the level of EPA in the diet, the more your cells will be induced to make more “good” eicosanoids. One reason the brain demands such high levels of DHA is that it’s critical for certain...
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...Samsung Initiatives Describe the company and the major initiatives they have planned for the next 5 years. The Samsung Group (Samsung) is a South Korean international conglomerate that makes all types of electronic products under the Samsung brand. Samsung is said to make exports that consist of fifth of all exports made by Korean companies, and its revenues alone would make Samsung the world’s 35th largest economy. Americans know Samsung for producing products like television, washer and dryer, smart phone, camcorder, printer, and DVD among many Samsung products. Samsung like other major companies has what is called Green Initiatives. Samsung aims to become one of the most eco-friendly companies in the world by year 2013. To reach such lofty goal, Samsung wants to “reduce greenhouse emissions, offer more eco-friendly products, build eco-management partnerships around the world, and invest in eco-friendly R&D design facilities.” (“Samsung in $4.2 bln ‘green’ initiative”, 2009) More specifically, Samsung says it will spend $4.3 billion to go green by cutting air pollutant emissions by 50% by 2013 from 2008 levels and promised to develop energy-efficient products that use less operating and standby power to operate. In addition, Samsung wants to boost making its products using recyclable and eco-friendly materials. (Samsung to go Green, 2011) By taking such drastic measures to improve its image as eco-friendly, Samsung is following the footsteps...
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...How Does The World Leading Companies Interact with Society: An investigation into the performance of Louis Vuitton Founded in 1854, Louis Vuitton Moët Hennessy (LVMH) had become the world's largest luxury fashion house brand group and manage to gain sales revenue of 20,320 million euros in 2010 to 23, 659 million Euro in 2011 and 28, 103 million Euro in 2012 (Jin, 2012). Nowadays in business world, the survivability of business depends on how it interact with the society. The way of a company behave toward the society and environment is the key for a company to achieve profitability and maintain good reputation as small action give a big impact (Hartman, 2005). In this case, a company good intention will frequently shadowed by it bad steps in damaging society even it is unintentionally done. In contrast for that, Louis Vuitton had practiced their good intention by launching environmental department in 1992 in order to preserve the nature thus helping Louis Vuitton to produce high quality product (LVMH launches its own Green Week, 2012). Behind the scene, Louis Vuitton also increases their carbon emission by 25% in 2012 while manage to increases their revenue by 19% in 2012 (LVMH, 2012). In the same time, Louis Vuitton keep telling the society about their policy of not allowing child labor (LVMH: Supplier’s Code Of conduct, 2014) but unfortunately, it just another spin doctoring to hide another mistake they had done. This would remark that Louis Vuitton secretly brings the negative...
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...genetic information” (www.eeoc.gov). The part that I found that can be apply for this case “is that is also illegal to discriminate against a person because the person complained about discrimination, filed a charge of discrimination, or participated in an employment discrimination investigation or lawsuit. Most employers with at least 15 employees are covered by EEOC laws” (www.eeoc.gov). Since R&S Electronic Service Company has 75 employees, this company is cover under such. For this particular case the Equal Pay Act comes to mind. In the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission website there are many publications that talk about this. Under the Equal Pay and Compensation Discrimination Fact Sheet publication it mentions that the EPA “requires that men and women in the same workplace be given equal pay for equal work. If there is an inequality in wages between men and women, employers may not reduce the wages of either sex to equalize...
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...Approaches that help the economic incentive can also help the unit cost. While there may be a few different approaches, these are just some. Product charges that include the cost of the disposal can help (EPA, 2017). Most people will do things do if they get something in return. This helps economically because more people would recycle and less contamination would happen in single stream recycling. This is a lot like volume based charges. Volumed based charges can also help with economic growth (EPA. (2017). This gives money to the person who recycled, but it would be dealt on how much they decided to recycle. This would push the incentive as more people would recycle many things. This is how we can help economically, but how about...
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...support some of your answer. http://www.cleancoalusa.org/ http://coalisnottheanswer.org/notclean.html When we look at the cost of using various types of energy, we don't always want to think only about the financial cost. While this is important, it is fleeting. You pay the bill and you are done. The other effects of using various energies are long term. I was Reading Destiny of a Republic, the story of President Garfield's shooting and death in office. After 2 months of sweltering heat in the White House, he was not doing well and they prepared a train to take him to the Jersey shore for cooler weather and better views. They knew he was in bad shape. They created a special train that burned "cleaner Anthrocyte coal" to avoid getting pollution into his infected wounds. In the 1880s we realized that pollutions were bad for sick people. Now, we know that this may actually be partially responsible for some of the illnesses in the world. The use of energy has cost to health for the environment and for the people who live here. If you've ever looked at home prices, you know that those that are near manufacturing or near a landfill are not as...
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...Waste Nearly everything we do leaves behind some kind of waste. Households create ordinary garbage, while industrial and manufacturing processes create solid and hazardous wastes. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)—more commonly known as trash or garbage—consists of everyday items we use and then throw away, such as product packaging, grass clippings, furniture, clothing, bottles, food scraps, newspapers, appliances, paint, and batteries. This comes from our homes, schools, hospitals, and businesses. Each year EPA produces a report on MSW generation, recycling and disposal. In 2010, Americans produced about 250 million tons of MSW, or about 4.3 pounds of waste per person per day. EPA encourages practices that reduce the amount of waste needing to be disposed of, such as waste prevention, recycling, and composting. Source reduction, or waste prevention, is designing products to reduce the amount of waste that will later need to be thrown away and also to make the resulting waste less toxic. Recycling is the recovery of useful materials, such as paper, glass, plastic, and metals, from the trash to use to make new products, reducing the amount of new raw materials needed. * Composting involves collecting organic waste, such as food scraps and yard trimmings, and storing it under conditions designed to help it break down naturally. This resulting compost can then be used as a natural fertilizer. For waste that requires disposal it is important that it is done in ways that protect...
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...components, manufacturer of packaging materials, bauxite mining, aluminum refining, and aluminum smelting. Five years ago, Alumina was in violation of environmental discharge norms in a routine EPA compliance evaluation. PAH concentration in test samples was above the prescribed limit. A clean up was ordered, with which Alumina promptly complied. A follow up audit reported the violation as corrected. Other than this single isolated incident, Alumina has a good record of compliance before and after. Now, Kelly Bates, a 38-year-old single mother, accused Alumina of repeatedly contaminating the waters of Lake Dira with carcinogenic effluents, and has alleged that consumption of the contaminated water is the proximate cause of her 10-year-old daughter’s leukemia. Bates also alleges that her daughter’s condition may be as old as Alumina’s first instance of environmental law violation. The Key Facts, Regulations, and Legal Issues This section discusses the main themes of the simulation and why they are important aspects in the decision making process. The first key fact in this simulation is that five years ago Alumina Inc. in a routine EPA compliance evaluation was found to be in violation of environmental discharge. The PAH concentration test samples were above the prescribed limit. The EPA ordered a clean up, which Alumina Inc. complied. Except for this one incident, Alumina Inc. has a positive overall environmental regulation compliance record. The second key factor in the...
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...Acid Rain – Save the Environment Acid rain, or any other form of precipitation with high nitric and sulfuric acid levels is when the precipitation has a lower pH than natural unpolluted rainwater, 5.5 (National Geographic). Acid rain is the result of combustion of fossil fuels which releases acid chemicals into the air (Wysession, Michael). It is a problem in the world since it effects natural and man-made environments as well as other factors in negative ways. The unpolluted water that rains down on us is always slightly acidic with a pH of around 5.6. This is because the rainwater from the clouds react with the CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) that is in the air. It is in the air due to that we convert the oxygen that we inhale into CO2 inside of our bodies, which we later exhale. This results in a solution called Carbonic Acid. (Wysession, Michael) Water | + | Carbon Dioxide | | Carbonic Acid | H20 | + | CO2 | | H2CO3 | Rain counts as acid rain when it goes below the unpolluted rain pH, 5.6. The acidity of acid rain can be as low as 2.7 on the pH scale depending on the ratio of chemical acids and unpolluted rainwater. However, the usual pH of acid rain is around 4.0 which is more than 10 times more acidic than unpolluted rainwater. (Wysession, Michael) Acid rain can be caused by natural sources such as volcanoes. However, the main cause of acid rain is when the acidic chemicals sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) are released into the air by the combustion of...
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...ENVIRONMENTAL LAW PRIVATE REMEDIES Civil Law * written codes which rely on statutory material, traditions * Judges has small role Common Law * Based on customs of the areas, precedents * Judge made law – cases decided by judge US * Mostly statutory, but judges are important * Interpret statues * Judge decides if not codified * Criminal – against State * Civil – all other Environmental Law not very effective if using private remedies PRIVATE REMEDIES | GOOD | BAD | Develop theory and needs | After the fact | Push legislation | Disorganized | Day in court | Costly | Money damages | Only personal damages | Tort Law - wrongful acts vs. contract law 1. Negligence a. Duty owned b. Unreasonable act c. Personal Injury d. Ex: pesticides 2. Trespass e. Tied to property rights f. Property invasion g. Ex: dam building (H2O invasion) 3. Nuisance h. Tied to unreasonable use interfering with another’s use i. Property use damaged j. Loss of livability k. Can’t move TO a nuisance l. Standing question i. cannot sue unless suffer special damage ii. different in kind, not just degree m. Ex: smoke, sewage treatment, hog farm, airport CIVIL REMEDIES 1. Monetary damages – personal things $ can fix 2. Injunctive relief – environmental, $ can’t replace, make do something a. Negative – DON’T...
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...Discussion 1: Course Policies In my opinion, to keep up with deadlines and daily work is vital to the success of any course and program. It is important to complete assignments promptly to avoid losing points in the class for this aspect. As students, we cannot procrastinate at any point because that will delay our work and then if something else comes up we will regret it. Being such fast paced course, we will need to take advantage of the time and engage in effective time management. I admire your courage Robert, in returning to your studies and getting back on track. In my case, this is my first doctoral course, after taking a bridge course between my masters and the doctoral. All these policies are scary, but if we do not follow them it is on us. The University provides us with all the tools that we need to succeed. Your example of coming back to study shows us how important all these goals are to become better individuals and professionals. Discussion 2: Doctoral Journey Assumptions I first thought about a doctoral degree because of my past job. It was a competition because I used to work at a University. Then, when I left that job, I thought about it more in depth and found out that it was what I wanted. The only difference was that if I was still in that job I was going to study something that I did not like. Now I am in a program that I know I will love. Obviously, like most of my fellow learners some of my assumptions about the program are that...
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