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Epidemic Paper

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Epidemic Paper
Sometimes families take that dream vacation without even thinking about what diseases or illnesses are present in that area or region. Sometimes the symptoms for those illnesses are basic ones that will not raise a flag, until is too late. Before we visit a new area or region, we need to make sure we check everything that is going on, from politics to weather to epidemics and diseases, I am writing about an epidemic that is currently happening in the island of Hispaniola, Chikungunya virus.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or CDC, this virus is transmitted to people by two species of mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. These species of mosquitoes are found in the tropical and subtropical of the world and are found in the southeastern part of the United States as well.
The disease was discover in East Africa in the early 1950s and so far, it was found in Asia, Europe and other areas. In 2013, the first cases of the virus were confirm in the Americas, on Islands in the Caribbean. Since that date, there has been more than 570,000 confirm or suspected cases throughout the Americas. There has been cases with local infections in Florida.
In 2015, chikungunya virus disease became a nationally notifiable condition and as of December 8, 2015, a total of 629 cases have been reported from 43 states. All reported cases occurred in travelers returning from affected areas. There was not a locally transmitted case in the United States. A total of 202 cases were reported from U.S. territories. All those cases were locally transmitted in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgen Islands.
The most common symptoms are fever and joint paint, but can also include headaches, muscle pain, joint swelling or rash. There are not specific treatments for chikungunya, and is treated symptomatically, usually with bed rest, fluids and medicines to relive symptoms. There is no vaccine available, however, in an early stage trial all 25 volunteers that receive an experimental vaccine, prompted an immune response.
This virus does not spread from person to person and the best way to protect yourself from it is by wearing long sleeves and pants, and by using the proper insect repellant, those containing DEET, Picaridin, or PMD, and advoiding mosquito bites. Preventing mosquito bites can be difficult, but is important, as you can get sick after just one bite. Other ways to prevent the spreading of this virus is by preventing mosquitos from breeding.
By preventing water to accumulate in open containers, tires, rainwater tanks, roofs, can prevent breeding sites. By eliminating these sites, mosquitos will not be able to laid eggs, and the mosquito population will decrease.
By doing research before travelling, an individual can educate themselves and their family and be prepare to identify symptoms of any viruses or diseases if any, so they can get the required medical treatment if need it and you can take any preventive measures and have any protective gear if required. In addition, by checking the area around your house, farm or business, you can identify areas were mosquitos can reproduce and you can eliminate those areas before they become a problem.

References
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). Chikungunya Hits Mainland. Retrieved from http://cdc.gov/media/DPK/2014/dpk-chikungunya.html
Chikungunya Vaccine Shows Promise. (2014, August 25). Retrieved from http://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/chikungunya-vaccine-shows-promise
The Department of Health Australia. (2011, March). Preventing Mosquito Breeding. Retrieved from http://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/ohp-enhealth-raintank-cnt-l-ohp-enhealth-raintank-cnt-l-5-ohp-enhealth-raintank-cnt-l-5-5.5

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