...Physiology 15 March 2012 Epidermolysis Bullosa Childhood is a time of wonderment in any human’s life. It is a time for frolicking and having fun. A time to explore, to discover, to interact with other children, a time to be carefree…or so one would think. But imagine a child who will never know that it is like to run and jump, to play games with other children because even the slightest physical contact will damage his or her skin. Imagine a child who can subsist on only a diet of soft food and liquids due to lesions and scarring in his or her esophagus. Imagine a child who cannot be hugged tightly by a loving parent because this contact will cause their skin to burn and blister. These children have come to be known as “Butterfly Children” as their skins are as frail and delicate as that of a butterfly’s wing. This is the nightmare of living with a disease known as Epidermolysis bullosa. Epidermolysis bullosa is in a group of inherited diseases that are characterized by blistering lesions on the skin’s surface and also in the mucous membranes. These lesions may occur elsewhere on the body but most commonly occur at areas more apt to friction and minor trauma such as the hands and feet (Ngan, 2011). In severe cases, blisters are not confined to the outer layers of the skin. They can also occur inside the body in places such as the lining of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, upper airway, bladder, and the genitals (Fine, 2009). There are three main...
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...Dermatology By Brennan Barger Dermatology is fascinating because it deals with the largest organ in a living organism. Approximately 15-20% of the average adult's total body weight is skin. The skin is filled with billions of cells, thousands of sensory points, sweat glands, sebaceous glands -- each doing it’s part to keep the skin healthy. A dermatologist takes care of diseases, in the widest sense, and some cosmetic problems of the skin, scalp, hair, and nails. There are several different subspecialties in dermatology. They are: * Cosmetic Dermatology * Dermatopathology * Immunodermatology * Mohs Surgery * Pediatric Dermatology * Teledermatology Cosmetic dermatology deals generally with laser surgeries, botox and fillers. Some derm- atologists deal specifically with face lifts, liposuction, and blepharoplasty. Many dermatologists limit their work to minimally evasive cosmetic procedures Dermatopathology specializes in the pathology of the skin. Usually a dermatologist or pathologist will complete one year of dermatopathology fellowship. This usually includes six months of general pathology, and six months of dermatopathology. Alumni of both specialties may qualify as dermatopathologists. Immunodermatology deals specifically with treating immune mediated skin diseases and disorders. Lupus, bullous pemphigoid, and pemphigus vulgaris are just a few of the ailments doctors in this...
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...Chapter 1 Skin structure and function Introduction The integument or skin is the largest organ of the body, making up 16% of body weight, with a surface area of 1.8 m2. It has several functions, the most important being to form a physical barrier to the environment, allowing and limiting the inward and outward passage of water, electrolytes and various substances while providing protection against micro-organisms, ultraviolet radiation, toxic agents and mechanical insults. There are three structural layers to the skin: the epidermis, the dermis and subcutis. Hair, nails, sebaceous, sweat and apocrine glands are regarded as derivatives of skin (see Figure 1.1). Skin is a dynamic organ in a constant state of change, as cells of the outer layers are continuously shed and replaced by inner cells moving up to the surface. Although structurally Figure 1.1 Cross-section of the skin. 2 Aromadermatology Table 1.1 Layers of the skin. Skin layer Description Epidermis The external layer mainly composed of layers of keratinocytes but also containing melanocytes, Langerhans cells and Merkel cells. Basement membrane The multilayered structure forming the dermoepidermal junction. Dermis The area of supportive connective tissue between the epidermis and the underlying subcutis: contains sweat glands, hair roots, nervous cells and ®bres, blood and lymph vessels. Subcutis The layer of loose connective tissue and fat beneath the dermis. ...
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...CH02CH19-Yarmush ARI 12 May 2011 ANNUAL REVIEWS 15:43 Further Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng. 2011.2:403-430. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by Imperial College London on 01/18/16. For personal use only. Click here for quick links to Annual Reviews content online, including: • Other articles in this volume • Top cited articles • Top downloaded articles • Our comprehensive search Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: History, Progress, and Challenges Francois Berthiaume,1 Timothy J. Maguire,1 ¸ and Martin L. Yarmush1,2 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854; email: ireis@sbi.org 2 Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng. 2011. 2:403–30 Keywords First published online as a Review in Advance on March 17, 2011 artificial organs, skin, cartilage, liver, stem cells The Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering is online at chembioeng.annualreviews.org Abstract This article’s doi: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114257 Copyright c 2011 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved 1947-5438/11/0715-0403$20.00 The past three decades have seen the emergence of an endeavor called tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in which scientists, engineers, and physicians apply tools from a variety of fields to construct biological ...
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...FNP Role Development Katy Lehigh Concordia University Wisconsin FNP Role Development For five decades nurse practitioners have been providing safe, effective, quality primary care services to all ages and populations. As a testament to their commitment and excellence nurse practitioners are being chosen as provider of choice by millions of Americans. Becoming a skilled provider is a dynamic process that occurs over time. Effective role development is essential in becoming a dynamic, compassionate, and knowledgeable clinician. Political Perspective Not all threats to our nation derive from foreign enemies. Our nation suffers within our own borders due to chronic illnesses, rising medical costs, wasted resources, poor coordination of care, and a lack of nationalized healthcare. “America’s health care system is in crisis: It is a ‘sick care’ system, not a health care system” (Blumenthal, 2012). The current healthcare system is fragmented, mismanaged, and poorly financed. Americans receive healthcare insurance through various means, such as government run programs, like Medicare and Medicaid, privately through their employer, private pay, or the purchase through an open market. Regardless of the many healthcare options the United States has to offer, 14.7% of the population remains uninsured (Shi & Singh, 2015, p. 199). “The existence of multiple payers makes the system cumbersome” and poses a billing and collection nightmare for healthcare providers (Shi &...
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...Unit 303, Outcome 2, Skin & Hair The skin is the largest organ of the body, with a total area of about 20 square feet. The skin protects us from microbes and the elements, helps regulate body temperature, and permits the sensations of touch, heat, and cold. Skin has three layers: * The epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone. * The dermis, beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands. * The deeper subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) is made of fat and connective tissue. The skin’s colour is created by special cells called melanocytes, which produce the pigment melanin. Melanocytes are located in the epidermis. http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/picture-of-the-skin Functions of the Skin The main functions of the skin include: * Protection of the human body * Sensation i.e. transmitting to the brain information about surroundings * Temperature regulation * Immunity i.e. the role of the skin within the immune system * Enables movement and growth without injury * Excretion from the body of certain types of waste materials * Endocrine function e.g. re. Vitamin D Function of the Skin | Example(s) | How does the skin perform this function? What is/are the mechanism(s) ? | 1. Protection | Of the body from: * ultraviolet (UV) radiation e.g. sun damage * dehydration * microorganisms e.g. bacterial invasion...
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...North America Equity Research 06 January 2014 2014 Global Biotech Outlook Differentiated Growth, Advancing Pipelines Should Drive Outperformance; Conf Call at 11am ET Today The biotech sector had a stellar 2013 (NBI: +65%; S&P: +29%) driven by strong demand for the sector’s key products, many positive phase 3 studies and a wave of successful IPOs. Looking to 2014, we think the fundamental backdrop is very similar with 1) beatable revenue growth expectations (2014e: +16% vs. 2012/2013: +12%) including several high-profile drug launches, 2) many pivotal studies set to read out and 3) a stable/favorable regulatory and reimbursement environment. Notably, these factors should continue to make biotech attractive to generalist investors, who played a major role in the 2013 outperformance. Our bias is to stick with large caps as well as mid-caps with approved products; revenue/EPS/cash flow forecasts for 2015 and beyond look broadly beatable, in our view. In contrast, we suspect that “pure pipeline” or tech platform small caps could be more volatile in 2014. We continue to believe that the biotech industry is in the early innings of an innovation cycle with many labelexpansion opportunities and novel agents in phase 2 or 3 trials that are largely unaccounted for in Street models. Hence, we are bullish on the group for 2014. Please join us for a call today at 11am ET to discuss our sector outlook/favorite names (US dial-in: 888-889-1309; OUS: 773-756-0161; Passcode: BIOTECH). Large-cap...
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