...on Terrorism with the War on Drugs Unfortunately, like the war against Terrorism, there is also a war against drugs. It appears to be a connection between drug activity and the undermining of governments around the world (Creed, 2007). Mark Kleiman states, “…links between illegal drugs and terrorism are important considerations in formulating a drug control policy and a campaign against terror.” After the events of September 11, Department of Homeland Security and U.S. Northern Command was created to pay close attention to utilizing all resources that are available to counter terrorism as well as use those very resources in a way that will combat the fight against drugs. Both fights (Terrorism/Drugs) should be considered as one. With integrating the two, the transformation of the drugs can become more global rather than domestic, just as terrorism is a global threat (Creed, 2007). The elements of national power play a major role in developing strategies must be synchronized and stick together in a way that when faced with national and international power the end product can be a success. “Narco-terrorism is defined as a complex nexus between the illegal drug trade and terrorism. DEA describes narco-terrorism as a group of organized individuals working together in order to further, or fund, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets with the intention to influence their respective ideologies. DOD joint doctrine defines narco-terrorism as...
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...in "The Devils," a novel portraying the multifarious political climate of 19th century Russia. This often-overlooked period, which presaged the Communist Revolution, saw Russia experiencing unprecedented levels of terrorism by an assortment of groups such as anarchists, nihilists, populists and socialists. The discussion of this tumultuous and critical period is among the most engaging passages in "The History of Terrorism: From Antiquity to Al Qaeda," edited by Gérard Chaliand and Arnaud Blin. The book, which includes essays by the editors as well as other scholars, provides a useful and levelheaded survey of a subject that is regularly understood and often manipulated. The very term "terrorism" is complex and takes on widely varying meanings depending on one's viewpoint. Accordingly, the book begins with a rigorous chapter by political scientist Ariel Merari that provides both a typology of terrorist acts and thoughtful insights on what distinguishes terrorism from other forms of violence. Although many definitions of terrorism exist, Merari discerns three common elements in these definitions: "(1) the use of violence; (2) political objectives; and (3) the intention of sowing fear in a target population." These common elements recur in the book's survey of terrorism, which begins with the ancient Jewish sect known as the Zealots, who rebelled against the Roman Empire, and an extremist Muslim group called the Assassins, who terrorized European crusaders. Chaliand and Blin make...
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...Terrorism and the Media, Core Assessment Terrorism is defined as; "The unlawful use or threatened use of force or violence by a person or organized group against people or property with the intention of intimidating or coercing societies or governments, often for ideological or political reasons". (Barnett and Reynolds, 2009, p. 13). There is no official definition of terrorism agreed on throughout the world. Even when the common elements of terrorism are spelled-out for us; "Small units, small weapons, usually don't wear uniforms, targets are state symbols, political opponents and public at large and the action is not recognized as a legal act”. (Barnett and Reynolds, slide-8). It seems that when a bombing, a mass shooting, or a suspected terrorist event happens and American leadership have agreed on the common elements of the terrorist event, a good number of American citizens are more concerned with the ethnic background of the alleged perpetrator and more specifically if they have a Muslim sounding name. So even though we know the general definition of "Terrorism", sometimes those elements are not the immediate focus and the actual definition varies even at the highest levels. Was the Boston marathon a terrorist action? According to the President of the United States it was. However, according to the agreed on definition as outlined by (Barnett and Reynolds, slide-8), the jury is still out. Another publically recognized domestic terrorism event was the 1995...
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...Associate Level Material Appendix B The USA PATRIOT ACT Provisions Table Use the table below to organize information about the USA PATRIOT ACT. From the Electronic Reserve Reading article Update: USA Patriot Act, identify and classify characteristics of PATRIOT ACT provisions. Describe how each provision either poses potential risks to civil liberties, aids the War on Terror, or possibly both. While completing the table, consider what each provision means to you on a personal level. For example, Section 218 makes it easier for federal agents to open a criminal case on you or other citizens, should there be significant purpose to do so; yet, the same provision makes it easier for federal agents to gather information on a terrorist, and possibly prevent that terrorist from committing future crimes. |Provision |Risks to Civil Liberties |Aids the War on Terror | |Section 218 |Allows agents to obtain FISA warrants, requiring less |This provision makes it easier for agents to open a | | |evidence of wrongdoing, which can be subject to abuse |criminal case on terrorists, possibly preventing that | | |in domestic criminal cases. Only a significant |terrorist from committing future crimes. Reduces | | |investigative purpose is required to obtain a FISA |barriers between intelligence work and criminal | | ...
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...The Ethiopian Red Terror: A Sociological Perspective The Ethiopian Red Terror took place in the 1970’s after the aristocracy was overthrown. The violent actions were a result of a political power struggle between the Provisional Military Administrative council (Derg), and the Ethiopia People’s Revolutionary Party (EPRP). The Derg began mass killings and imprisonments for anyone they deemed to be counter-revolutionary, to which the EPRP responded with their own violence, which escalated to genocide. This case proves individual in its analysis as the violence was between two groups who came from the same political side that could not agree on the democratic rule of the country. The uniqueness of this case calls for the identification of different aspects of sociological framework in order to understand how it ensued. I will explore this understanding through the political violence between the parties and their relations as both perpetrators and victims of violence. Furthermore, sociological theory of genocide will be adapted to the Ethiopian case in order to gain an understanding of how it occurred. This case illustrates one motivated by political means that spiraled toward mass violence, and therefore exploration into political violence is necessary both as separate entities and how politics and violence interrelate to reproduce each other. The case of the Ethiopian Red Terror provides important framework in the theory of political violence and the civilising process of society...
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...HOW WILL A SEVERE TERRORIST ALERT EFFECT TOURISM IN SOUTH CAROLINA Brianne Buckner Dr. BRIAN MCCUE PAD 590 JUNE 21, 2010 STRAYER UNIVERSITY CHARLESTON, SC CAMPUS This Directed Research Project (DRP), was conducted and orally presented By ………………………………………………………………………………. Brianne Buckner, Student We hereby certify that this DRP submitted by Brianne Buckner conforms to acceptable standards, and as such is fully adequate in scope and quality. It is therefore approved as the fulfillment of the requirement of the degree of Hospitality and Tourism Management, MBA Approved:_________________________________________ Supervising Faculty__________________________________ Peer Review/Technical Advisor________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page APROVAL PAGE………………………………………………………………………...i ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………ii TABLE OF CONTENTS...................................................................................................iii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES………………………………………………….….iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY………………………………….….6 Context of the Problem……………………………………………………………6 Statement of the Problem………………………………………………………….7 Main Research Question and Sub-questions………………………………………7 Significance of the Study…………………...…………………………….……….8 Research Design and Methodology………...
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...Defeating the Islamic State: Both Short-term and Long-term Counter Strategies for the Proto-State and its Ideologies Christopher J. Minchin Norwich University FIRST DRAFT SOCI 401A Culture and Anthropology February 16, 2016 Tracey Poirier Source: The Institute for the Study of War (ISW) and the Critical Threats Project (CTP).), Jan, 2016. “If you know the enemy and know yourself you need not fear the results of a hundred battles“ –– Sun Tzu, Chinese philosopher and military strategist, around 500 BC. “Our terrorism against America is blessed terrorism.” –– Osama bin Laden (on video) “The acme of this religion is jihad.” — Osama bin Laden (Bergen, 2001, p. 41) Many have asked, “what can we do to defeat the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS)? ” There have been a variety of suggestions from airstrikes, isolation , establishing a national unity government in Iraq to the feasibility of a counter-offensive using 'local' militia's and only as a last resort U.S. Boots on the ground. These are all worthy ideas; however, it is imperative to get a fundamental understanding of what has caused this problem because ISIS is growing and becoming stronger (even though current air strikes and counter-offensives have been successful). Before a decision can be made a rigorous analysis is necessary, a sociological analysis, so that the United States and the rest of the world can determine what must be done regarding ISIS and why. (Thesis):...
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...Terrorism is a complex problem with many diverse causes. Consequently no single effective method to counter it exists. To combat terrorism, one must first understand the underlying motivations for each particular group's actions. Terrorism, an issue that plagues our world every minute of every day. You never know when or where a terrorist organization is going to strike. All groups’ reasons are different, some for political or religious reasons, others for hatred. The roots of terrorism are believed to have started in 1007 A.D. Hassan ben Sabbah born in Qom, Iran was an Ishmaili Muslim and opposed all other Muslim groups except for the Ishmaili’s. He is believed to be the father of terrorism. Ben Sabbah’s actions had started a whole new trend; people began to follow his actions and started to form terrorist organizations. When you define terrorism most definitions say it is the act of violence and/or intimidation to achieve certain political or religious goals. Terrorism is a problem everywhere not just the Middle East, contrary to what people think. People think there is such a thing as a “typical terrorist”, but there really is not. I guess it could be said that terrorists are stereotyped in many ways. Many people believe that terrorists in the Middle East are either Muslims or Islamic, which is not true either. Just because a person is of one region of the world it does not mean they are a terrorist. As far as I am concerned it could be a next door neighbor. But to understand...
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...Do you agree that we live in a dangerous world? Can you remember 9-11? Most people know about this infamous act of terrorism. Unfortunately, it was not the last one. Some people say that the world is becoming a better place in which to live, but we are exposed to an increasing number of dangerous situations. Be it in the physical world, or the virtual world, the number of threats has been on the rise, many times without us even aware of them. Firstly, we are living in an era of wars. Although major wars such as World War II are long gone, there still exist many acts of violence and threats of mass destruction. These are due to advent of terrorism and relentless experimentation on nuclear weapons. These have resulted in increased tensions among major superpowers worldwide, notably North Korea against US and its allies. On a smaller scale, due to the issue to overlapping boundaries between neighboring countries, many people often get killed in border clashes. For example, Thailand and Cambodia had many border clashes in the last decade, leading to numerous deaths of soldiers and civilians alike. Besides, we often hear of suicide bombers in Iraq, in a bid to topple the current democratic government in place. Therefore, it is difficult to say that today’s world is a safer one. Moreover, we face, see and hear about a lot more crime today than we did in the past. If you watch the news, you will hear about a lot of crimes such as random killings or intentional kidnappings in exchange...
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...usually a member of a group that uses or advocates terrorism. An assassin is one who murders by surprise attacks, and is also someone who carries out a plot to kill a prominent person. They are both motivated by their beliefs, the will to terrorize the population of which they despise, and their political or personal agendas. The nature of a terrorist and assassin is sometimes considered to be acts of insane men trying to achieve a particular goal; their methods are known to have a drastic impact of society because of all the innocent people that are killed and hurt. Terrorist and assassins have had a major impact on society throughout history and definitely in the 20th century. They are said to be different in many ways but similar in some, and one thing they have in common is that their actions have the same effect on society. Terrorist’s and assassin’s actions are considered one of the most powerful influences in society because they are motivated by causing chaos and upheaval in society. Both parties believe in their cause and will stop at nothing to get what they want. Terrorist are very manipulative people that do what they feel is best to get their point of view across, their actions are solely to intimidate and persuade people to believe that their cause is right and just. A terrorist act is called terrorism, and terrorism is considered to be an act of violence in pursuit of political or religious goals. The word terrorism was...
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...the Sicarii and the Zealots. Sympathizers of the Romans slowly disappear and their voices vanish from Jerusalem. The fear of terrorism grows and Roman repression grows along with it, this in turn leads to the people of Jerusalem to revolt in 70 AD (Miller V). If this attack had been made in some dark alley with no spectators would the people react the way they did? The marketplace of old Jerusalem, can be compared to the media of today. What better place to get the public informed about your reasons and purpose for attacks than the news. Albert gave a good definition of terrorist's objectives when he stated: "Terrorists try to exercise influence over targeted officials on nations through intimidation of the public and arousal of sympathy for the social and political causes they espouse. Without widespread publicity, terrorist acts can achieve neither of these effects" (Bandura, Albert qtd. In Nacos 1). Terrorists need the news media to get the publicity, and the media is a willing accomplice. The news media is an accessory to terrorism, and as such they should develop a set of standards that will limit the terrorist ability to get their message out to a large audience during terrorist situations; Also the media should also point out police mistakes without over emphasizing them, giving equal coverage to both sides of the issue. Terrorism is the use of violence against...
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...President Bush’s address to the nation following the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 was short, sweet, and to the point. He used various methods to address what had happened, who it happened to, and to convey his sympathies to the American public. Here, I will identify some of these methods, deduce them, and explain the difference between what was said, what was heard, and the intended implications spoken by the president. President Bush starts his address to the nation by saying “our way of life, our very freedom came under attack in a series of deliberate and deadly terrorist attacks.” In this opening, he is setting the stage for the rest of his speech. It was intended to captivate and hold the attention of his intended audience. By opening his speech with this statement, he tells his audience that we, America, was attacked (an act of war) on purpose today, and by doing so; our way of life was also attacked. This is intended to bring Americans together and to share in this atrocity by implicating that it was not just those individuals who were victims of the attacks who were the intended targets, but it is all Americans whose lives will be forever altered by this event. He goes on to tell us that it was not an open act of war in that our military was not the ones who were attacked, but civilians, and he gives the public a scale in which to measure the devastation by indicating that there were thousands of “innocent” people who were directly harmed in these “evil,...
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...Power and violence are not the same. Power is psychological, a moral force that makes people want to obey. Violence enforces obedience through physical coercion. Those who use violence may manage to temporarily impose their will, but their command is always tenuous because when the violence ends, or the threat of it lessens, there is even less incentive to obey the authorities. Control through violence requires constant vigilance. Too little violence is ineffective; too much violence generates revolt. Violence is the weapon of choice for the impotent. Those who don't have much power often attempt to control or influence others by using violence. Violence rarely creates power. On the contrary, groups or individuals that use violence often find their actions diminish what little power they do have. Groups that oppose governments often try to compensate for their perceived lack of power by using violence. Such violence simply reinforces state power. A terrorist that blows up a building or assassinates a politician gives government the excuse it wants to crack down on individual liberties and expand its sphere of influence. When a government turns to violence, it is because it feels its power is slipping away. Governments that rule through violence are weak. Dictators have always had to rely on terror against their own populations to compensate for their powerlessness. The U.S. would feel no need to fight wars in Latin America or the Persian Gulf if it had power in those regions...
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...Shawn Wiley CRJ 419 American Terrorism Charles Loftus Assignment 4 Part Two June 16, 2013 More Domestic Terrorist Than the Public Realizes With only a few mentioned in part one of this two part essay, there are actually many more domestic terrorist groups that are coming to light. Domestic terrorism has been around for many years and probably for many more. There are going to be groups or even individuals that will have their own beliefs and may even try to push those beliefs onto others. So because of this domestic terrorism is going to be around for a long time. Looking through history I have found a few domestic groups that weren’t mentioned in part ones essay but I feel should be addressed. Ku Klux Klan can never be ignored as one of the most prominent of all domestic terrorist groups in the United States. Another one is Phineas Priesthood, and lastly a group Americans must focus on is Black Liberation Army. These are the three that I think should really be focused on, for they seem to be mentioned by the F.B.I. in a lot of Domestic Terrorism articles. Ku Klux Klan (KKK), just the name sounds of something bad is about to happen. The Klan has been causing havoc since 1865. Is definitely one of the oldest and most infamous for violence than any other domestic group on American. Most believe that blacks are the main subject of the Klan, but that isn’t necessary true anymore. They tend to focus on attacking Jews, immigrants, gays, and lesbians...
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...Nonviolent resistance essay Allover the world people try to prove their point; some of the ways that they do that is by getting noticed. There are lots of ways that people try to be noticed some are violent ways and some are non-violent. Personally I think that non-violent resistance is the best method because nobody gets hurt and the resistors gain respect. One example of a successful non-violent resistance movement was the bus boycott. Rosa Parks was sitting in the front of the bus, while she was sitting there a white man told her to go to the back of the bus. Rosa Parks refused and she was arrested for not listening to the man. In return all of the African Americans quit riding the buses and walked to school and work. The bus companies struggled financially because a large number of their customers were black. Eventually the bus companies gained respect for the African Americans. Another good example of a successful non-violent resistance movement was the EPHS teacher strike. The teacher strike was successful because it gave the community awareness on what was happening in the school system. The teachers simply didn’t go to work and they stood on the streets and protested. The school board realized that what the teachers wanted would benefit our education so the teachers and the school board compromised. Another good example of a good non-violent resistance movement was John Lennon’s, “in bed for peace”. John and his newly wed wife were against the Vietnam War so...
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