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Week 8: International Norms.

* How to think about diplomacy less about actors and more about the processes. There are more than just the traditional actors now.

How do INGOs try to exercise leverage/influence?

* NGOs use institutions to try to leverage their pressure/policies. * Combat negative policy choices and advance the positive ones: * Dissemination of alternative information: ex: Israeli bombing of gaza in past eras….you would not know much back then, but now it’s instantaneous. * Experts!!! Build expert authority… * Get allies!! Build a network, get support. * The importance of public diplomacy, i.e. the courtroom of public opinion. * Short-term high politics on acute crisis issues vs. long term transnational chronic social issues.

COMPLIANCE: CAN STATES CHANGE THEIR BEHAVIOR?

* Classic advocacy for norm diffusion: * The spiral model of how norms work: Risse, Ropp, Sikkink (RRS)- CASCADE MODEL (how to turn a state from not doing something into doing it): * Repression: ex state promoting torture. You step in and condemn torture…. * Denial: we don’t torture, or we have to torture, or we use humane ways of torture. * Tactical concessions (the tipping point – entrapping repressive govs) : ex: we’ll stop torture over 30 years, or use medical torture etc… tipping point: so many tactical concessions that everyone starts to change all together. * Prespective status: accept the vilinity of the norm, and start to change * Rule-consistent behavior: you stop behavior.

* How to do this? Through TANs (Transnational Advocacy Networks)

INGOS forms of leverage (RRS …) * coercion: NGOs/networks must enlist (SEE SLIDES)

INGO power from… * information sharing * symbolic politics: framing the issue in a way that generates moral pressure * leverage: putting pressure on states * accountability
Boomerang: Simmons, Mobilizing for Human Rights

Lawfare: you can continue to use law in creative ways to use it to your advantage.

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