...Buyer Behavior Final Exam Essays Part 2: Short Essays (3 points) Please answer ALL 3 essay questions below. Each essay is worth 1 point. 1. Assuming an American retailer is considering opening an electronics store. Based on the information below, would you recommend Mexico or Ireland as a more attractive foreign market? Why? Be sure to explain the benefits of each country, and then why you ultimately chose one over the other. | Power Distance | Individualism | Masculinity | Uncertainty Avoidance | Total Cultural Distance from US | USA | 40 | 91 | 62 | 46 | | Mexico | 81 | 30 | 69 | 92 | 86 | Ireland | 28 | 70 | 68 | 35 | 37 | Based on the above information, I would recommend Ireland as a more attractive foreign market to open an electronics store. The reasons are that by analyzing the table: Power Distance is the extent to which people accept as fact the principle of the division of authorities and priviledge among different groups within society. High power distance nations certain consumer behaviors are designated to individuals by class or status. Authority appeals in marketing are more effective. With all this in mind we see that Mexico has a higher power distance but this is not necessarily an important factor when making the market decision Individualism – people expect each other to take responsibility for themselves and their family. High individualistic societies place high value on self-reliance, individual initiative and personal...
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...BUYER BEHAVIOUR POST PURCHASE BEHAVIOUR Word count: 1,900 According to Blackwell, M & E (2006, P4), Buyer behaviour can be defined as “Activities people undertake when obtaining, consuming and disposing of products and services” In this essay, I will be focusing specifically on “Post purchase behaviour”, in which I’ll be discussing and evaluating if customers that are satisfied with a supplier and/or their offering will become loyal? According to Giese and Cote (2000), Customer Satisfaction is defined as “A summary affective response of varying intensity with a time-specific point of determination and limited duration that is directed towards focal aspects of product acquisition and/or consumption” While Customer Loyalty is said to be “a deeply held commitment to re-buy or re-patronize a preferred product/service consistently in the future, thereby causing repetitive same-brand or same brand-set purchasing” (Oliver, 1999). However, there are two distinctive ways of describing loyalty; One being attitude, whereas different feelings create an individual’s overall attachment to a product, service, or organization (Hallowell, R, 1996). The other being behavioural, which include customer continuing to purchase services from the same supplier, increasing the scale and or scope of a relationship, or the act of recommendation without having an attachment to the product, service or organisation (Hallowell, R, 1996). FIG 1. Reicheld and Sasser (1990) argues that satisfaction...
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...Introduction In case, as a team leader, I am trying to correct one of subordinate’ behaviours and point out shortcomings, however, the relationship with subordinate becomes more difficult. Unskillful communication ability could affect subordinates’ working efficiency directly, which means I need working overtime to cope with team project that is a delay by some subordinate. Because I do not delegate workload on the basis of each team member’s timetable. As can be seen that weakly supportive communication skills and lack of efficient and effective time management skills severely impact my life. This essay will base on this personal experience as a case study to analyse those two skills by using Kolb’s experiential learning cycle. Reflective observation Firstly, this essay will analyse two skills by the skill assessment to reflect and observe the experience from many different perspectives. First is supportive communication. According to MBIT test, my personality is ESTJ (The supervisors), which means a person with this personality are taking an outspoken leadership role that could affect communication skills (Hogan & Champagne 1980). Based on people assessment management skills (PAMS) (Whetten & Cameron 2011, p. 24), the score of supportive communication is 77.78%, which is the weakest one. According to my case, the interpersonal relationship will not become strengthen when I try to correct subordinate’s behaviour at some time. Furthermore, I will give some advice...
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...the company can influence or manage the expectation. The expectations can also change with cultural roots of the customer. In today’s global market it is beneficial to develop and market the company to diverse market segment. Introduction: In today’s fast paced world the biggest challenge faced by service industry is to retain its customer loyalty. It is easy to see why customer loyalty is of utmost importance, simply put it guarantees future revenue and shareholder value. Customer loyalty is strongly linked to customer satisfaction and service quality. In order to be competitive in today’s world the service’s industry needs to focus on service quality especially when the quality of manufactured goods are improving tremendously. This essay explains the importance of the role customer satisfaction, service quality, customer retention and service recovery play in order to achieve “customer loyalty” as that’s the ultimate prize every services firm strives for. ‘Satisfaction’...
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...Breakfast Club film contained a wide variety of behavior and stereotypes. Each person had their on personality and taste at the beginning of the film. I believe that communication played the biggest part in the movie. It shows the way that people from totally different backgrounds can communicate and even agree on issues. The various types of communication and behaviors within the film will be discussed. Key terms will be pointed out and highlighted, as well as described in relation to the examples extracted from the film. To begin with the film started out with a communication climate that was both tense and without verbal communication. This was mainly due to the variance in membership constructs of the characters involved. The characters included the brain Brian, Andrew the athlete, the criminal Bender, the princess Claire, and the basket case Allison. There was a great deal of interesting nonverbal communication taking place between these people. As the story progressed, their reactions and responses to each other demonstrated perceptual errors, which would later be shown. The gender conflict styles also played a role. The girls both tended to listen, rather than hold the attention of the others. This was especially true in Allison's case, who never spoke. Allison was introduced in the movie as the basket case. Allison showed that she was obviously insecure, seating herself facing away from the rest of the room (avoidance). She would not speak out, was non-assertive, and when...
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...A Study of Alienation among Knowledge Workers Submission of Thesis Proposal Nisha Nair Doctoral candidate Organizational Behavior Area Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad (IIMA) India Email: nishan@iimahd.ernet.in Telephone +91-79-6632-6216 Mobile: +91-9327309000 Advisor Information Dr. Neharika Vohra Organizational Behavior Area Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad (IIMA) ‘The hidden conflict between the knowledge workers view of himself as a professional and the social reality in which he is the upgraded well paid successor to the skilled worker of yesterday, underlies the disenchantment of so many highly educated young people with the jobs available to them’ - (Drucker, 1969, p 259) Knowledge workers (KWs) are thought to be the engines of growth of the new economy (Yigitcanlar, Baum & Horton, 2007) and the key strategic and competitive resources of today’s organizations (O’Neill & Adya, 2007). Considerable attention has been directed to the analysis of knowledge work and knowledge intensive firms in recent years (Alvesson, 1995, 2001; Burton-Jones, 1999; Donnelly, 2006; Swan & Scarborough, 2001). Because of the emphasis on human capital in knowledge-intensive firms (Edvinsson & Malone, 1997), where tacit knowledge residing within workers is the chief asset of the organization, it has become imperative to retain KWs and ensure their continued commitment to the organization. Davenport et al. (2002) observe that companies cannot...
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...Review of Marketing Research Review of Marketing Research VOLUME 1 Naresh K. Malhotra Editor M.E.Sharpe Armonk, New York London, England 4 AUTHOR Copyright © 2005 by M.E.Sharpe, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher, M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 80 Business Park Drive, Armonk, New York 10504. Library of Congress ISSN: 1548-6435 ISBN 0-7656-1304-2 (hardcover) Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z 39.48-1984. ~ MV (c) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CHAPTER TITLE 5 REVIEW OF MARKETING RESEARCH EDITOR: NARESH K. MALHOTRA, GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Editorial Board Rick P. Bagozzi, Rice University Ruth Bolton, Arizona State University George Day, University of Pennsylvania Morris B. Holbrook, Columbia University Michael Houston, University of Minnesota Shelby Hunt, Texas Tech University Dawn Iacobucci, Northwestern University Arun K. Jain, University at Buffalo, State University of New York Barbara Kahn, University of Pennsylvania Wagner Kamakura, Duke University Donald Lehmann, Columbia University Robert F. Lusch, University of Arizona Kent B. Monroe, University of Illinois, Urbana A. Parasuraman, University of Miami William Perreault, University of North Carolina Robert A. Peterson, University...
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... awareness 1.0 Introduction Sports sponsorship has long been crucial sources of funds for sports, literature and art as well as the social events. And after 30 year of development, sponsorship marketing has gradually become a global industry. It is widely acknowledged that sports sponsorship enhances the consumer's perception of a brand via big events. However, the study on to what extent the sports sponsorship would influence consumer purchase intention is rare. This essay is established in the purchase intention of consumers, from which to explore consumer brand awareness, and then analyze the relationship within sports sponsorship and consumer brand awareness and purchase intention. This article will be analyzed from two parts; the author would analyze the consumer's brand attitude in the first part: from the cognition to the emotion, from the action and reaction, aiming at get a better understanding of the relationship between the brand and the consumer. Later in this essay, the author would discuss the influence sports sponsorship marketing might have upon consumption. Brand effect is able to zoom in during the process of sponsorship marketing, however, sports sponsorship motivation has become a key point that consumers value a brand, in the process, the enterprise needs to show the "altruistic" instead of "self-interest" motivation to win consumers’ favor. 2.0 Brand attitude Attitude of consumers is that in a particular situation, consumers...
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...Assignment First Page Student ID number(s): | 30686463 | Student Name(s): | Atul Sharma | Module Name: | Operations & Marketing | Module Tutor: | Brian McGarrie | | Essay/Project Title | | Word Count: | 5190 | Assignment Due Date: | 31-Dec-2012 | By submitting this coursework for assessment, I/We acknowledge the following: Academic Integrity I/We have read and understood the Lancaster University Postgraduate Regulations (http://www.lancs.ac.uk/celt/celtweb/marp) on cheating and plagiarism and state that the work I submit will be my/our own and will not contain any unacknowledged work from other sources. As the author(s) of submitted work in my/our name I/we am/are prepared to undertake a fair and reasonable oral examination of its contents. Research Ethics and Governance I/We have read and understood the Lancaster University Research Ethics and Governance code of practice. Note: This form is to be used as the first page for all coursework submissions. Table of Contents 1. Abstract 3 2. Introduction 3 The Company & Programme 3 My Role and Responsibilities 4 Situation and Assignment Objective 4 3. Literature Review 5 Quality for BI software as a product 5 Quality Dimension 6 Quality for BI software as a Service 7 Literate Review Summary 10 4. Methodology 10 Questionnaire 10 Shortcomings of data collection 11 5. Finding and Interpretations 11 Software quality Model Dimensions (Kumar...
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...Introduction In my homeland country, in the mid 90s there was a general election and according to a particular popular pole and surveys a certain political party would have won a landslide election victory. To everyone's surprise, they lost the election badly. This goes to show that biasness/unreliable data is known to throw things out of perspective and give people false hope. The results of that particular election caused rioting for several weeks. Once this phenomenon comes into the picture of any questionnaire the findings can create profound negative impact. The most frequent and important ways of misconduct in scientific research are falsifying results, plagiarize and over-interpretation. Motives are prestige, money, pressure of time and conflict of interests. The "publish or perish" phenomenon and the sometimes difficult attainable deadlines play an important role. Furthermore, there is a "gray-zone" in which clinical scientific researchers are influenced particularly by the pharmaceutical industry, leading to the writing of tendentious publications. (Verh K Acad Geneeskd Belg. 2004). Over the last 25 years, a small but growing body of research on research behavior has slowly provided a more complete and critical understanding of research practices, particularly in the biomedical and behavioral sciences. The results of this research suggest that some earlier assumptions about irresponsible conduct are not reliable, leading to the conclusion that there is...
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...Case Study on > The Techniques Used By The Marketers To Overcome The Cognitive Dissonance Of Customers Subject : OB Submission Date : 25th October Class : B-1(Shift-I) Submitted To : No. Submitted By : Group members Shaikh Mo.Farhan Solanki Snehal Vasani Tushar Parmar Paras Dhanani Nilesh Rana Vinus Safiwala Sanjay Timbadiya Viren Roll No. 82 87 95 61 102 110 114 98 Roshni Singh 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Cognitive Dissonance No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Introduction Theory & Research Applications of Research Overcoming Dissonance Cognitive Dissonance in Advertisement Five Advertisements which shows overcomes of CD by Marketers How to sale more with Cognitive Dissonance Particulars Page No. Introduction In psychology, cognitive dissonance is the discomfort experienced when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions: ideas, beliefs, values or emotional reactions. In a state of dissonance, people may sometimes feel "disequilibrium": frustration, hunger, dread, guilt, anger, embarrassment, anxiety, etc. The phrase was coined by Leon Festinger in his 1956 book When Prophecy Fails, which chronicled the followers of a UFO cult as reality clashed with their fervent belief in an impending apocalypse. Festinger subsequently (1957) published a book called A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance in which he outlines the theory. Cognitive dissonance is one of the most influential and extensively studied theories in social psychology. The theory of cognitive dissonance...
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...GOOGLE SELF-DRIVEN CAR THESIS NAME: INSTITUTION: COURSE PREFIX: COURSE NUMBER: DATE OF SUBMISSION: 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 GOOGLE SELF-DRIVEN CAR The Google self-driven car is an automated car that operates automatically with no physical human input. It is a project developed by Google Company that involves the development of technology in automated vehicles mostly the electric type of vehicles. The software responsible for the management of the vehicle in its operations is the Google chauffeur. The project is under the management of a Google engineer Sebastian Thrun. He is an experienced engineer who previously worked for the former director in the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. In addition, he previously worked as a co-inventor of the Google Street view. The development of the robotic vehicle was first showcased in 2005 in the DARPA Grand Challenge where it won the award. There was an able team of 15 engineers who developed the system in collaboration with the Google Company. Some included Chris Urmson, Mike Montemerlo and lastly Anthony Levandowski, involved in the DARPA Grand and Urban Challenges (Thrun, 2010). In the technological point of view, the automated Google vehicles comprise of parts and equipment that are worth 150000 dollars inclusive of the 70000 dollars for the LiDAR system. It possesses a range finder strategically placed on the top part of the vehicle called the Velodyne...
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...Theories of Marketing Week 1 – lecture 1 History of marketing 1. Production : supplying markets 2. Selling: convince people that what the organization happen to have is what they need. 3. marketing : let’s ask people what they want and then produce it. What can I make that will serve my customers better? It needs to be something relevant, innovative or unique MKG definition it’s all about sales and market share : it doesn’t say anything about relationship NOW : how can I create value so I will be able to sale more, it’s the only way to survive. To stay alive you need to have a lot of capabilities and tools to survive What is marketing? Marketing includes more than just needs, it’s concerned with providing the right product to the right person at the right moment. That way it creates value. This way it also incorporates innovation. Functions & processes/activities are the things we do to deliver customer value. These can be strategic and tactical. History of marketing thought - philosophy * Production orientation, huge production lines trying to find bigger markets. Its all about efficient distribution. Demand is huge, supply was very small, they didn’t care about colour for example. Marketing was all about getting your product efficiently to the consumer. Marketing is a very contextual science, how do we deal with circumstances, and how do we become successful in these circumstances. * Selling orientation, extra activities...
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...CHAPTER ONE: 1. INTRODUCTION: The background of the essay is discussed in the first chapter .Then, the research findings about customer satisfaction in Apple iPhone is being discussed in the next chapter. This finding is found out by taking short interview of students and some working professionals in the University of Chester. In the end the research comes to conclusion with understanding about what drives customer to buy Apple iPhone in comparison to other mobile phones available in market. 1.1 BACKGROUND: The background of mobile handset industry and some information on Apple iPhone is discussed in this section. It contains some general idea of new upcoming mobile handset in the market and some relationship of customers and their purchase of these products. Oliver (1997), defines customer satisfaction as the fulfilment of customers’ response to the wants of his needs and wants. This adds the pleasurable level of this consumption with respect to a particular product or a service feature can either be under fulfilled or over. (Grigoroudis & Siskos, 2010). Therefore a brief study on customer satisfaction in Chester study regarding their satisfaction for the Apple iPhone is discussed. This section also describe the importance of the quality of customer service quality and its impact on customer satisfaction. 1.2 MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THIS RESEACH WORK: For the attainment of the broad objective of customer satisfaction discussed above, some of the specific objectives...
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...Detrimental Effects of Reward Reality or Myth? Robert Eisenberger Judy Cameron University of Delaware University of Alberta Based on seemingly overwhelming empirical evidence of the decremental effects of reward on intrinsic task interest and creativity, the use of reward to alter human behavior has been challenged in literature reviews, textbooks, and the popular media. An analysis of a quarter century of research on intrinsic task interest and creativity revealed, however, that (a) detrimental effects of reward occur under highly restricted, easily avoidable conditions," (b) mechanisms of instrumental and classical conditioning are basicfor understanding incremental and decremental effects of reward on task motivation; and (c) positive effects of reward on generalized creativity are easily attainable using procedures derived from behavior theory. bservers of American culture have long noted a Istrong emphasis on individualistic values, including taking responsibility for one's own actions, pursuing personal interests, and exploring one's creative potential (e.g., Badia, 1990; Huber, 1971; Tocqueville, 1840/1990). Consistent with the c o m m o n presumption that individuals function most effectively and happily when they are guiding their own behavior (see Geller, 1982; Hogan, 1975), an increasingly dominant view has developed over the past quarter century contending that the strengthening of performance by reward (reinforcement) causes the unpleasant experience of...
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