...Circadian rhythms essay plan. Introduction AO1 Circadian rhythms are biological cycles that last around 24 hours There is a free running cycle controlled by an endogenous pacemaker working as a body clock which is internal to our biological system, such as the suprachiasmatic nucleus which receives information about light and dark directly from the retina of the eye and the pineal gland, which releases melatonin in relation to fading light. Melatonin acts upon the raphe nuclei which in turns produces serotonin, a chemical with an inhibitory or slowing down effect on the central nervous system. Also, circadian rhythms can be controlled by exogenous zeitgebers i.e. external time givers, such as light, temperature and social cues. Another circadian rhythm is body temperature, which is at its lowest at around 4.30 am. The core body temperature also lowers after lunch. Evaluation AO2 Siffre (1962)- He spent two months in an underground cave, without time cues and emerged on the 27th of September, but he thought it was the 20th of August. This suggests that the absence of exogenous zeitgebers, affected his perception of time, therefore giving evidence that endogenous pacemakers control our circadian rhythms. He then carried out further research to see if the absence of exogenous zeitgebers would affect his sleep- wake cycle. He spent six months in a cave, with no time cues, but artificial lights. He settled into a sleep wake cycle of around 25 hours. This therefore gives reliability...
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...audience about the 3 types of dreams they might have. Thesis Statement: Introduction I. I was alone in a dark alley, running for my life, panting and sweating, my heart pounding. A. Was I writing an essay? No. B. It was what I had dreamt of when I as asleep one night. II. I have always been curious about the dreams I had a night, why I would wake up crying at times, or maybe even screaming. III. Throughout the period of research, I have found out that the dreams you have can actually relate to the events you participated in during the day. IV. Therefore, I would like to share 3 types of dreams you are most likely to have during the course of your sleep. Body I. The first type of dream and most common type of dream you might have is a falling dream. A. A falling dream is where one has the feeling of falling thru the air feeling frightened. 1. A theory by Professor O’Conner from the University of Glasgow suggests that a falling dream may occur when one has lost control over something. 2. These situations could be linked to work, school home or even in a relationship. 3. As falling dreams are usually vivid, you can recall the contents of the dreams quite easily. 4. The more you can remember, the better it is to figure out what the dream means, and try to correct the problem you may be facing. B. So when and how does a falling dream occur? 1. It typically occurs during the first stage of sleep, during rem (rapid eye movement)...
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...Essay Assignment Describe the following sleep disorders and include the causes, symptoms, consequences and possible treatments for: Narcolepsy, Insomnia, Sleep Apnea, Nightmares, and Night Terrors. Narcolepsy is a disorder of losing the brain’s ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles. Narcolepsy results to excessive daytime sleepiness. Main cause of narcolepsy is unknown but many cases are thought to be caused by lack of brain chemical “Orexin”, which regulates sleep. Some studies show that narcolepsy might be genetic as well. Symptoms of narcolepsy are often referred to the “Tetrad of Narcolepsy”, which are cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnogogic hallucinations. No treatment has been proven yet, but taking oral CNS stimulants such as Amphetamine and Methylphenidate can help with the excessive daytime sleepiness. Insomnia is a disorder in which a person suffers from having trouble in falling asleep or in staying asleep. Insomnia is caused by the disturbance of the circadian rhythm that results to the inability of to fall asleep during the regular sleeping hours. Symptoms include awakening at night and awakening too early; difficulty falling asleep at night; feeling tired after sleeping; and difficulty paying attention. Getting proper and regular sleep patterns can help treat insomnia. Sleeping pills and other sedatives can also help treat insomnia. Sleep Apnea is a disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or instances of shallow or infrequent breathing during...
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...Willie A. Magby Dr. Mark McCormick Bible and Film Unit #1 Essay Feb 21, 2014 Real isn’t always Reality The Matrix, Source Code, and Inception, are three movies tied together to show many common threads, but the main one is called Conversion. As the director of the three movies, Christopher Nolen presents this phenomenon of Conversion as a point in life where a person accepts a higher call, a transformation, or a different purpose in life. In each of the movies, the Conversions are presented in different ways, but the results are the same. There was something prominent in all three movies. In order for a Conversion to happen there must be an advocate and a convert according to Lewis Rambo’s study, Understanding Religious Conversion (McGowan Para. 12). As the convert, one must be able to separate a dream from reality. The Matrix showed the main character Neo (the Convert), struggling to find something he did not understand. Morpheus (the Advocate) was there to teach Neo his calling according to the Oracle when it came to the Matrix. Morpheus would use Neo’s desire to find what Neo was looking for to further entice him to understand the Matrix. Neo had to understand that what he thought was real, was actually the Matrix. There will not be a one defining moment where Neo is converted. But, what one will see is a totality of the circumstances during the rescue of Morpheus that causes him to accept who or what he is the savior of Zion, The One. The Source Code was a computer...
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...be" soliloquy is arguably the most famous soliloquy in the history of the theatre. Even today, 400 years after it was written, most people are vaguely familiar with the soliloquy even though they may not know the play. What gives these 34 lines such universal appeal and recognition? What about Hamlet's introspection has prompted scholars and theatregoers alike to ask questions about their own existence over the centuries? In this soliloquy, Shakespeare strikes a chord with a fundamental human concern: the validity and worthiness of life. Would it not be easier for us to simply enter a never-ending sleep when we find ourselves facing the daunting problems of life than to "suffer / the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune"? However, it is perhaps because we do not know what this endless sleep entails that humans usually opt against suicide. "For in that sleep of death what dreams may come / When we have shuffled off this mortal coil / Must give us pause." Shakespeare seems to understand this dilemma through his character Hamlet, and thus the phrase "To be, or not to be" has been immortalized; indeed, it has pervaded our culture to such a remarkable extent that it has been referenced countless times in movies, television, and the media. Popular movies such as Billy Madison quote the famous phrase, and www.tobeornottobe.com serves as an online archive of Shakespeare's works. Today, a Shakespeare stereotype is held up by the bulk of society, where they see him as the god of drama...
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...Name: Khandkar Musarrat Maliha Esha Eng 111.3 Instructor: Hilary Clark Essay 1 The innocence trapped in black coffin in William Blake’s “The Chimney Sweeper” William Blake’s “The chimney sweeper” is narrated by a young boy who is a chimney- sweeper, who tells us about his childhood and his fellow workers. In this poem a contrast of dark and light is shown to give the readers a picture of reality and hope. This essay explores the different dimensions, which are significant in this poem. I will argue that the poet is making a contrast between the innocence and the corruption in today’s world by giving examples and by analyzing the poem thoroughly. In the first stanza the narrator shares his childhood story with the readers. He mentions that his mother died when he was very young and his father sold him even before he knew how to speak. “And my father sold me while yet my tongue, /could scarcely cry” (2-3), in this line the poetic device known as metonymy is used where the poet refers to the speakers voice but says tongue. By this line we understand that his father sold him even before he could cry or understand that he is being sold away. He says that since his father sold him he sweeps chimneys and sleeps in soot. It can be assumed that chimney- sweepers use the same cloth or blanket to sleep, which is used in the daytime to collet soot –“in soot I sleep.” Most of the chimney- sweepers who cleaned the chimney were young children as they were little and it...
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...future column). Meeting Christopher after a long interval reminded me of his excellent book Living Philosophy: Reflections on Life, Meaning and Morality (2001). The volume includes a fascinating essay entitled ‘The Need to Sleep’, where he notes that philosophers have not paid sufficient attention to this extraordinary phenomenon. Well, a decade on, this is the beginning of a response to Christopher’s wake-up call. For sleep is rather extraordinary. If I told you that I had a neurological disease which meant that for eight or more hours a day I lost control of my faculties, bade farewell to the outside world, and was subject to complex hallucinations and delusions – such as being chased by a grizzly bear at Stockport Railway Station – you would think I was in a pretty bad way. If I also claimed that the condition was infectious, you would wish me luck in coping with such a terrible disease, and bid me a hasty farewell. Of course, sleep is not a disease at all, but the condition of daily (nightly) life for the vast majority of us. The fact that we accept without surprise the need for a prolonged black-out as part of our daily life highlights our tendency to take for granted anything about our condition that is universal. We don’t see how strange sleep is because (nearly) everyone sleeps. Indeed, the situation of those who do not suffer from Tallis’s Daily Hallucinating Delusional Syndrome is awful. They have something...
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...Dream Essay ENG 101 Make It Stop I know that I am awake! I just know I am. I felt myself sitting up in the bed, eyes wide open and my heart pounding harder than I have ever felt it before. But just as sure as I am that I am wake the images just keep coming, playing like a horror movie, only in slow motion. No matter what I try to do the movie kept playing. “Please stop, make it stop “I Remember crying. The horrific images continue to flash before me. I am reliving the entire attack. It was so real and vivid, almost as if I can not only see the assault but I can feel the punches as they are being rained down on my body. Why can I not wake up? I know what is coming next so why can’t make this stop? I was forced to watch everything that had been done to me. As if I was an outsider looking in, I watches as the attack started upstairs. I watched as what seemed to be 20 maybe 30 punches land on my head and body yet I know the worse was still yet to come. He continues to hit me over and over again. The scenes continue to play out before my eyes. We are downstairs now, hopefully now I won’t wake up the boys with my cries. The attack continues I can feel the blows all over my body. I try running away but I cannot escape him or the terrifying fear of what is coming next. The images continue until I feel his hand wrapped around my throat. I know it will all be over soon. I begin to pray just as I did that night “Lord please...
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...Essay Question 3 In a human’s life, it takes a great amount of wisdom and diligence to become successful. Thus, those who are lazy and foolish will have little chance of climbing to the top. Subsequently, one cannot help but wonder what the difference between diligence and laziness is, as well as between wisdom and folly, and the book of Proverbs is one that offers explanations to such a question. First, it is important that people comprehend the difference between diligence and laziness as stated in Proverbs. While being diligent means being prepared, and on top of things, a lazy person is one who often put off work that can be done today until tomorrow. In Proverbs, these two characteristics are often mentioned. Proverbs 6:6-11 comments that: Go to the ant, thou sluggard; consider her ways, and be wise: Which having no guide, overseer, or ruler, Provideth her meat in the summer, and gathereth her food in the harvest. How long wilt thou sleep, O sluggard? when wilt thou arise out of thy sleep? Yet a little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to sleep: So shall thy poverty come as one that travelleth, and thy want as an armed man (NIV). The book describes a lazy person as a “sluggard” who stays in one place. Moreover, a sluggard has to be made to get out of bed to be of any productivity. Unlike the ant that is productive and diligent, a sluggard will not gain anything. Next, the relationship between wisdom and folly must also be taken into account...
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...My initial research led me to the most famous and historic example of Sleep Paralysis, Henry Fuseli’s 1781 painting “The Nightmare”. The painting portrays symptoms of sleep paralysis. The central figure is lying on her back with the demon sitting on her chest and some strange creatures in the background. The work is considered to be the greatest work of this artist. It is also believed that this is the first artistic impression of Sleep Paralysis. In the history of Western medicine, Sleep Paralysis has been documented for at least 300 years. Several cases were found to support this argument including the Dutch, Persian and Greek. The Dutch case report (“Of the Night-Mare”) was documented back in 1664 from a physician Isbrand Van Diemerbroeck. The case describes...
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...door it’s your dead grandmother taking a bath. What!? These are the kind of silly and seemingly unexplainable instances that occur in our unconscious sleep every night when we go to bed. Contrary to what you may think, these ridiculous dreams that almost resemble cartoons more than real life, do actually have a significant impact on our emotional state, and for the most part are based on our own anxieties, desires, and memories. In this essay I’m going to attempt to analyze a current dream I’ve had and interpret the meaning and origin of this dream using the sources available to me. I’m standing on a steep grass hill, looking out over a shallow and narrow valley that appears to have been cut of the landscape like a spoon would do to a tub of ice cream. Inside this crevice is a highway I’ve never seen before, with cars zooming down the road at high speeds. Above the highway is an overpassing bridge with more fast and noisy cars. On the opposite side of this speedway that I’m standing along is my beloved dog, who I’ve raised since he was six weeks old. He’s going into traffic and I’m scrambling to get to him on the other side of this speedway, but there’s too many cars coming for me to get across. Just before it seems my dog is going to become road kill, or I’m going to be flattened trying to save him, I either woke up or the dream stopped and switched to something else. So what does this mean? Sigmund Freud, who was a pioneer for...
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...REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia, i.e., sleep disorder occurring during REM sleep, characterized “by vivid dreams associated with dream enactment.” This enactment includes; “abnormal vocalizations, motor behavior, and dream mentation, yelling, screaming, failing limbs, punching, kicking etc.” (Boeve). Additionally, individuals who have the disorder are not aware of these abnormal behaviors during their sleep, they only come to know them from their bed partner. Now, what is crucial to note about RBD, is that in many cases, an individual is diagnosed with RBD before later being diagnosed with an a-synucleinopathy (e.g. Parkinson, dementia with Lewy bodies). In other words, after being diagnosed with RBD, an individual is at a...
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...James Thurber By Rahul Patel/10 [pic] Rahul Patel Mr. Hurdle Composition 11 May, 2012 James Thurber Part I: “Authors of light pieces have, nobody knows why, a genius for getting into minor difficulties: they walk into the wrong apartments, they drink furniture polish for stomach bitters, they drive their cars into the prize tulip beds of haughty neighbors, they playfully slap gangsters, mistaking them for old school friends” (James Thurber). James Thurber was a cartoonist and an author. He was born on December 8th 1984 to his parents, Charles and Mary Thurber. Thurber’s father was a clerk and a minor politician, while his mother was a practical joker and very strong-minded. For example his mother would tell visiting guests that she was in love the post man and she had to be kept in the attic because of it. She would also tell people that she was a cripple and then she would suddenly stand up and tell everyone she had miraculously healed(James Thurber 1 of 5). James Thurber also had two brothers, William and Robert. When Thurber and William were little, they were playing with a bow and arrow, and William shot James in the eye. This led James to be partially blind and because of this injury he couldn’t participate in any sports or activities, but this injury developed a very creative imagination in Thurber’s mind. A neurologist at the time had a theory that he might have Charles Bonnet Syndrome, which is a condition that...
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...Caleb Crawford Psychology Period 6 Dream Essay A dream is a period of spontaneous brain activity usually lasting from about 5-40 minutes that occurs during sleep several times a night usually about 90 minute intervals dreams allow a person to take a closer look into his their mind and themselves sometimes dreams act as a way to discover yourself, dreams can be used to solve all different types of problems. There are also certain types of dreams. There are fantasy, daydream and waking dreams. There are also lucid dreams, nightmares and night terrors. There are also certain stages in the dream cycle. In the first stage, your body temperature drops, your eyes close and your brain waves begin regular alpha rhythms, indicating a relaxed state. In many of my dreams, what happen in my dreams would happen the next day or within the following days. I think the reason for this is because when I would wake up and remember my dreams threw out that day I would be thinking about those dreams I had, had so the more I thought about it the more I would want to make those dreams come true. Like for example Tuesday night I had dreamed about a project I had due the next day in English and my dream was me presenting my PowerPoint and in my dream I had done very good on my essay. We were suppose to present for 5 minutes and I did like 6 minutes and I answered all the questions that my classmates had and I did very good on the whole project in my dream. So when it came time to present my project...
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...October 2012 Short Paper A Slow, Warm Death: An Analysis of My Dreams Sigmund Freud’s lifelong research of dreams is in many ways the most distinctive and remarkable element in his massive survey of the human psyche. It is the subject of his most important work, The Interpretation of Dreams, which, besides being what it's title already indicates, also serves as a work of confession. Freud committed to it's pages many of the findings of his own dream analysis. Throughout his legendary career, Freud continued to feel an irreplaceable bond to dream interpretation, both for the exactness of it's unique findings and for the precious evidence it provided for the deeper workings of the human mind. Neil Gaiman has said the following in response to the mystifying nature of dreaming: “People think dreams aren't real just because they aren't made of matter, of particles. Dreams are real. But they are made of viewpoints, of images, of memories and puns and lost hopes.” In this essay, I will emulate the role of Sigmund Freud and attempt to psychoanalyze my own dreams. An eerie sense of doom seems to pervade the majority of my dreams--typically, some form of tragedy or misfortune either befalls me or my loved ones. In "Doctor Whooves", for example, I am heading to my kitchen for a late night snack, only to be pursued and attacked by a half-horse, half-human Doctor Who. I do not actually follow this show, but this dream seems to reflect the drastic influence of my friends upon my life...
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