...Table in content What is Foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 How is FAS characterized in the community? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Describe how babies with FAS are affected? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In your view what are the symptoms of long-term alcohol use? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What kind of role has the South African context played in FAS? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . REFRENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . This assignment will research Foetal Alcohol Syndrome in light of the South African context. Attention will be given to understanding what FAS is; how is FAS characterized; the impact that alcohol has on brain development; and the effect that FAS has on a baby with the diagnosis. Furthermore, the role that the South African context plays in FAS will be explored. What is Foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) The foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a pattern of physical malformations observed in the offspring of women who drink alcohol during pregnancy. (By Abel, Ernest Psychological Bulletin, Vol 87(1), Jan 1980, 29-50.) ----1. Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a serious health problem that tragically affects its victims and their families, but that is completely preventable. Causing...
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...Foetal Alcohol Syndrome Table of Contents Table of contents…………………………………………………………… | 2 | Introduction………………………………………………………………… | 3 | Definition of Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)…………………………….. | 3 | Characteristics of FAS……………………………………………………… | 4 | Affect of FAS on babies……………………………………………………. | 5 | Affect of alcohol on the brain……………………………………………… | 6 | The role the South African context has played in FAS…………………….| 7 | Conclusion………………………………………………………………….. | 8 | REFERENCES | 9 | Appendix A…………………………………………………………………. | 11 | Appendix B…………………………………………………………………. | 12 | Appendix C…………………………………………………………………. | 13 | | | Introduction South Africa has the highest rate of Foetal Alcohol Syndrome in the world! The draft South African liquor bill released on Monday 6th February 2012 will prohibit the sale of alcohol to pregnant women if it is passed. It is the first time that the South African government has proposed legislation to assist controlling the alcohol intake of women. (“Liquor Surprise for Pregnant Women,” 2012) But is this enough to meaningfully diminish the consumption of alcohol by pregnant women in South Africa? Within this context the following questions will be addressed: What is Foetal Alcohol Syndrome? How is FAS characterised? How is a baby affected by Foetal Alcohol Syndrome? How does alcohol affect the brain? What kind of role has the South African...
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...Final Essay Assignment - Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Who has the rights? Sheila Bird COR3100 Critical Thinking and Writing (Section 2) John F. Kennedy University Summer 2014 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Who Has The Rights? Who has the rights when an unborn child is involved, mother or child? Can an unborn child be protected from his/her mother? Fetal Alcohol Syndrome [FAS] raises these questions that so far, have not been addressed. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is considered to be the most serious consequence of a mother drinking alcohol during pregnancy and is considered the #1 cause of mental retardation in the United States, and it is one that is entirely preventable. FAS was first reported in France in 1968 and noticed/discussed in the United States by Jones and Smith in 1973. Jones and Smith would identify distinctive facial features in children who were exposed to alcohol during pregnancy. Some of these facial features are: short eyelid openings, flat midface, thin upper lip and a flat or smooth grove between nose and upper lip. The children can also show growth retardation and significant cognitive and/or behavioral problems/issues. In the United States, FAS/Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder [FASD] occurs in about 10 per 1,000 live births or 40,000 babies per year. FAS is a lifelong condition that is not curable and has serious lifelong consequences. Unfortunately, there is no known limit on the amount of alcohol a mother can safely consume, that will not cause...
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...\]Chapter Four: Human Development 1. The nature-nurture debate basically involves a discussion of A. the relative importance of environment and genetics in determining our development. B. the tension between genetically determined predispositions and environmental constraints. C. the role of early nurturing versus later life experiences as determinants of personality. D. how the physical constraints of humans limit their ability to overcome environmental events. ANS: A 2. During conception, organs first start to form during the _____ period. A. fetal B. zygote C. embryonic D. neonatal ANS: C 3. Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)? A. It is caused by heavy drinking on the father’s part prior to conception. B. Most FAS babies have below average intelligence. C. FAS babies are physically the same as non-FAS babies. D. While there are some external symptoms of FAS, internally FAS children are normal. ANS: B 4. Which of the following reactions is not present in newborns? A. stepping reflex B. sucking C. fear of heights D. startle reflex ANS: C 5. One way to gauge an infant’s interest in a stimulus is to see when responsiveness decreases, also called A. habituation. B. regression. C. deactivation. D. response repression. ANS: A 6. Which of the following is an accurate description of brain development during early...
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...Birth Defects Synthesis Essay As excitement and joy flow through expecting parents, troubling thoughts will occur when preparing for an unborn child. With numerous thoughts arising for the family one specific thought, will this child be healthy, will present itself throughout the pregnancy and at birth. Birth defects change the lives of families and unborn children every day. On the website, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in the United States alone one out of thirty-three children display having a birth defect before and at delivery (“Facts about Birth Defects” par. 1). By knowing the impact birth defects have on society cause a worry for mothers-to-be and families wanting a child of their own. Some families will search for ways...
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...ESSAY FORMAT Introduction with three ideas First paragraph with topic sentences followed by reasons and personal examples to support view Second paragraph with topic sentence followed by reasons and personal examples to support view Third paragraph with topic sentence followed by reasons and personal examples to support view Conclusion of three ideas Write a 250 word essay explaining why you feel this way. Provide reasons and examples to support your opinion in each paragraph. • Decide whether you agree or disagree with one of the following statements. • Proof read your work when you are finished writing. • Did you state your opinion in the first paragraph and briefly give your reasons? • Did you support your position in each of the next paragraphs? • Does your last paragraph tie the essay together by briefly reviewing what you have said? • Have you checked your punctuation, capitalization, and spelling? • Have you looked for run on or incomplete sentences? Native American Essay Topics to Choose from 1. Some people feel that tribally controlled schools are more responsive to Indian students’ needs, while others feel that the “melting-pot” theory of public schools is more beneficial in the long run. Select a side in this discussion and support it with 250 words. 2. Some people favor legalizing gambling on the reservation to increase tribal revenue and create employment opportunities. Others oppose it. Their...
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...* CHRONOLOGY * * Second Trimester * * Mother attended her community drug and alcohol team (CDAT) were she was on a methadone programme. Referral was made by her key worker stated concerns that she may be pregnant and concealing it * * Pre - birth conference was held to establish the issues surrounding the mother, her pregnancy and her parenting skills. Mother did not attend. The pre – birth conference attended by the CDAT key worker, safeguarding midwife, health visitor, GP, social worker. The pre – birth conference took place as mum was concealing her pregnancy and that she was heavily * * DAY 1 Jack was born by caesarean section because they were concerns with the Zoe. Zoe was unwell – she had a heart valve problem. Jack was admitted to the intensive care unit, needing ventilation support for six hours 12pm * Safeguarding midwife aware that Jack been born, states that all people who needed to be aware of baby being born are. Informed us that her current partner and father of baby are not allowed to visit. Security, front desk at the main entrance of unit and nurses made aware * Urine virology/toxicology sent * Morphine started as Jack was Ventilated due to the respiratory distress 15pm * Out of hours social worker called inquiring about baby and mum 1630pm * Maternity support worker visited unit, updated on baby’s condition. Mum had her surgery – she will go and update mum 1830pm * Nurse looking after mum on...
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...We are going to be discussing during the course of this essay some of the difficulties that are faced by teenage parents. Some of these difficulties include but are not limited to health ramifications, educational difficulties, financial hardships, and the lack of support given to teenage parents; hopefully we will be able to show young women and men that by becoming a teen parent they will be heading down a truly difficult road. In this paragraph we will be discussing some of the health ramifications of teenage pregnancy, and to be quite honest there are many of them. The first health issue that you will be reading about is prenatal health care and the fact that many teen mothers do not receive the proper prenatal care at the proper time. Many teens become pregnant as the result of an accident or the misguided belief that they need someone to love and someone to love them and thereby are less likely to receive the proper medical care, instruction, and support that they will desperately need during the coming months and years (www.livestrong.com/article/146191-problems-teen-mothers-face/). This lack of support from the teen mother’s parents and the other parent of the infant can cause harm to the mother and baby, the lack of prenatal care can cause the mother to not get the routine tests that will alert doctors to gestational diabetes and other common pregnancy induced complications. Teenage mothers also are more likely to drink and smoke then older mothers who understand the...
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...and outside of the tribes (Siegel, 2013). Violence was a means of survival for them (Siegel, 2013). Criminologists study many different ideologies of violent behaviors (Levitt, 2013). They typically research the following questions when evaluating violence: what causes a person to have violent outbursts? Is being violent a mental impairment, illness, or disorder? Are we predisposed to criminality by some trait or gene? Is there something subconsciously inside of humanity that makes an individual violent? Do we live in a world where we can control the antisocial behavior of our children by taking care of our bodies when pregnant? Alternatively, is the environment a place where individuals learn to be violent? In 1977, George Engel wrote an essay advocating a new model of crime identified as the biopsychosocial model (Nordstrom, 2011). This model integrates “the biological view of the subject, their psychological state of mind, and the social background in which they occur” (Nordstrom, 2011). One single element does not cause violence, but a combination of biology, psychology, and sociology serve as precursors to potential violence (Nordstrom, 2011). Many criminologists speculate the reasons of personal and...
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...Freddie Ntunga | Student ID Number: 21608670 Bucks New University Abstract An Essay Discusing the ImpacT of Sickle Cells on an Individual Health & Illness across the Life Span Introduction The concept of health is purely abstract in form and therefore remains indefinable to a great extent. It may be referred to an aspect that is considered to be prima facie with regard to the fulfilment of all kinds of objectives of human life. Being healthy does not essentially refer to being disease free only, as the World Health Organiastion definition of health encompasses a state of well being from the mental, psychological, social and physical perspectives. For providing a comprehensive definition to the concept of health it is vital to focus on the various aspects of health. The definitions of health can either address the functional needs of the humans which would put more attention on the individual’s ability to deal with various kind of situations and head towards its destination or from the humanist approach it can be considered as the state of self actualization that can be linked with empowerment. Health in other words can be stated as a pulpit which begets achievement. Health is the result of the natural environment, the built up environment and the social environment that the individuals are surrounded with from the time of its very conception ( Zhang et al,.2011). The natural environment constitutes the genetic background of the individuals involving certain unique...
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...Essay on Leadership Work Experience Date May 01, 2012 - September 01, 2012 May 01, 2013 - September 01, 2013 Type of Work Job Coach – Personal/ Social Support Work Major Leadership Responsibilities I was responsible for providing guidance and supervision to individuals between the ages of 16 to 29 suffering from developmental or physical disabilities in order to help them overcome employment barriers in pre-employment and employment settings. It was my duty to work closely with the individuals and assist them with learning the necessary skills required for their specific job as well as helping them attain their personal employment goals. As a Job Coach it was my responsibility to act as a liaison with the employing companies and encourage positive, effective and ongoing communication between the individual, employer and my employing agency. For the past two summers I have had the extremely fulfilling opportunity of working for a support agency as a Job Coach for developmentally and physical disabled individuals. This amazing job was viewed not just as a means to make money during the summer, but as a rare opportunity to give back to the community and use the skills that I have acquired throughout University to truly change the lives of these individuals. The summer program that Community Living runs every year is called the “Summer Employment Transitions” program or “SET” for short. Last summer the program was comprised of 25 job coaches responsible for coaching...
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...Smoking can be dangerous not only for the smoker, but also for those around the smoker. Secondhand smoke is the third leading cause of preventable death (after active smoking and alcohol), according to the Manitoba Medical Association. They also say that the smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals, 50 of which are known to be cancer-related. Secondhand smoke has been linked to heart and respiratory disease; lung, breast, cervical, and nasal sinus cancers; strokes and miscarriages. In children, dangers include sudden infant death syndrome, fetal growth impairment, bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma and middle-ear disease. People who smoke subject themselves to deadly diseases, as well as long- and short-term health problems. Non-smokers should not have to live with the consequences of smokers' actions. http://www.publishyourarticles.net/knowledge-hub/essay/an-essay-on-should-smoking-be-banned-in-public-places.html Many surveys, studies and scientific research has proved that smoking is injurious to health. Smoke is unhealthy and suffocating. It pollutes the environment. There are two types of smokers - active and passive. The person who smokes is active and other who are near to him and inhale the smoke are passive smokers. Both are equally affected by the ill effects of smoking. Smokers and non-smokers meet at many places like offices, buses, hotels, etc. So, considering the bad effects of smoking on individual's health, environment as well as individual rights, it should be banned...
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...medicine is the balance between the benefits of marijuana and the health risk it has to the user(Owen, Sutter, and Albertson). In America, 23 states and Washington Dc has legalized the usage of smoked marijuana in variety of medical conditions. The federal is still clear, that the use of marijuana is illegal. According to the Director National Institute of Drug Abuse, the call for the legalization and the acceptance of usage of marijuana as a recreational drug is evident and there need for people to have enough information on both its adverse health effect and possible medicinal benefits .I feel that, marijuana medicine should not be legalized until is proven to be safe and reliable(Lynne-Landsman, Livingston, and Wagenaar ,16). In this essay explain the adverse effect of marijuana to support my position. Then I will discuss...
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...Keep simple and polite! Good morning teachers and friends, I, Ahmad Khairi Hafiz as the President of the Environment Club would like to talk about”How to Protect the Environment” First of all, each one of us can start by not littering. We should throw our rubbish into the rubbish bin instead of anywhere we like. Once I went strolling at a park nearby my house but was dissapointed at the sight of rubbish.I saw many empty cans and plastic wrappers lying around.They do not only spoil the beautiful park but they are the best breeding place for aedes mosquitoes. Another way of protecting our environment is by keeping our rivers clean. We can play our role by not throwing rubbish into the rivers. Meanwhile the factories can stop dumping their toxic waste into them. Plastic wrappers which made up 80 percent of the rubbish can endanger the fish and other aquatic lives while toxic waste can kill them. We, human will consequently suffer as we rely on the rivers for food and water. Moreover, farmers should avoid open burning in their farming practice because it polutes the air.Open burning can lead to haze which contains poisonous gases such as carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide. These gases can cause many serious diseases. Children who breathe the polluted air may suffer from asthma and some people may even suffer from rashes and eye-diseases. Finally, we can practice the 3R; Reuse, Reduce and Recycle. Every household should aim at reducing the amount of rubbish thrown.To...
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...9 CHAPTER PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 348 CHAPTER OUTLINE module 29 Psychodynamic Approaches to Personality Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory: Mapping the Unconscious Mind The Neo-Freudian Psychoanalysts: Building on Freud Try It! The Life Orientation Test Projective Methods Behavioral Assessment Becoming an Informed Consumer of Psychology: Assessing Personality Assessments module 30 Trait, Learning, Biological and Evolutionary, and Humanistic Approaches to Personality Trait Approaches: Placing Labels on Personality Learning Approaches: We Are What We’ve Learned Biological and Evolutionary Approaches: Are We Born with Personality? Humanistic Approaches: The Uniqueness of You Try It! Assessing Your Real and Ideal Self-Concept Comparing Approaches to Personality module 32 Intelligence Theories of Intelligence: Are There Different Kinds of Intelligence? Practical Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence: Toward a More Intelligent View of Intelligence Assessing Intelligence Variations in Intellectual Ability Exploring Diversity: The Relative Influence of Genetics and Environment: Nature, Nurture, and IQ Psychology on the Web The Case of . . . Mike and Marty Scanlon, the Unlikely Twins Profiles of Success: Raymond J. Matlock Full Circle: Personality and Individual Differences module 31 Assessing Personality: Determining What Makes Us Distinctive Self-Report Measures of Personality Who was the Real Bernie Madoff? To some, Bernard L. Madoff was an affable, charismatic...
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