...| | ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET(adapted for LAW1100 major essay submission purposes) | UNITCode: LAW1100TITLE: Legal Framework I | NAME OF STUDENT (PRINT CLEARLY) fisher shane FAMILY NAME FIRST NAME | STUDENT ID. NO.10104032 | NAME OF LECTURER (PRINT CLEARLY)brad moore | DUE DATE18/4/2011 | Topic of assignmentDuty of Care IN THE LAW OF NEGLIGENCE | Group or tutorial (if applicable) | Courselegal framework 1100 | Campusmt lawley | I certify that the attached assignment is my own work and that any material drawn from other sources has been acknowledged. Copyright in assignments remains my property. I grant permission to the University to make copies of assignments for assessment, review and/or record keeping purposes. I note that the University reserves the right to check my assignment for plagiarism. Should the reproduction of all or part of an assignment be required by the University for any purpose other than those mentioned above, appropriate authorisation will be sought from me on the relevant form. | OR, if submitting this paper electronically as per instructions for the unit, place an ‘X’ in the box below to indicate that you have read this form and filled it in completely and that you certify as above. Please include this page in/with your submission. Any electronic responses to this submission will be sent to your ECU email address (or, where relevant, the digital dropbox for the Blackboard site for LAW1100).Agreement X ...
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...ESTABLISH CAUSATION. MCGHEE V NATIONAL COAL BOARD: DIFFERENCE WITH BONNIGTON: MEDICAL UNCERTAINTY AS TO HOW THE INJURY HAD BEEN CAUSED. WAS THE EXPOSURE OR THE PERIOD AFTER THAT WHEN HE HAD TO CYCLE HOME WITHOUT HAVING HAD A SHOWER. NO DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MATERIALLY INCREASING THE RISK AND MATERIALLY CONTRIBUTING TO THE RISK, IF THE RISK EVENTUATES. WILSHER V ESSEX AUTHORITY: HIGH COURT, COURT OF APPEAL: FOLLOWED MCGHEE , MATERIAL CONTRIBUTION TO INCREASING THE RISK. HOUSE OF LORDS: THE ONUS OF PROOF ON THE CLAIMANT, NO MCGHEE. 5 POSSIBLE CAUSES. MCGHEE DOESN’T STAND IN THIS SCENARIO : HERE WE HAVE 5 DIFFERENT AGENTS, 5 POSSIBILITIES, SOME AGENTS NEGLIGENT AND SOME NON-NEGLIGENT. DO YOU AGREE WITH HOUSE OF LORDS? FAIRCHILD: LORD BIRGHAM, LORD NICHOLLS, LORD HOFFMAN DINSTICTION BETWEEN MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE + RELAXED /MODIFIED TEST OF CAUSATION MCGHEE AND BONNIGTON NOT ACCUMULATIVE CAUSES 2I ORA IXOGRAFISI 10 BAILEY V MINISTRY OF DEFENCE SHE RECOVERED THE ENTIRETY OF DAMAGES. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DIVISIBLE AND INDIVISIBLE INJURY: AN INDIVISIBLE PAIRNEIS OLO TO POSO. KAYSFORE CASE?? READ JACKSON’S BOOK, APPLICATION OF BAILEY HOW DO THESE CASES COMPARE TO LOSS OF CHANCE CASES? ESSAY QUESTION: ONE CANNOT DRAW A DISTINCTION BETWEEN MEDICAL CASES AND OTHERS ( WALLES LJ IN BAILEY). DISCUSS. DRAW AN ESSAY PLAN: INTRODUCTION: THE MODIFIED AND RELAXED TEST OF CAUSATION NORMALLY APPLIED IN MEDICAL CASES WAS ALSO APPLIED TO THREE EMPLOYMENT CASES. BAILEY WAS THE FIRST...
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...Law of Negligence Introduction The requirement of the law of negligence is that individuals’ conduct should conform to certain standards of behavior (Steininger, B., & Koziol, 2005). When the actions of a person violate these standards, it is required by the law that they compensate the victim on their failure to conform to the standards. The law is under torts and its appearance dates back to 1932 in a case of Donoghue vs. Stevenson (Baudouin, 2010). In the case at hand involving Emma a girl who sustained injuries as a result of flying debris and the SCL Company, the law is applicable in several dimensions. There indeed exists a cause of action against SCL Company as discussed in details in the essay below. To start with, the case passes an impartial test by ascertaining the foreseeability of the eminence of harm not only to Emma but to any other person. As presented in Jolly vs. Sutton (2000), the council owed a duty to the young boy for negligence of removing the old boat from the flats (Baudouin, 2010). It was thus evident that the presence of the boat near the flats presented a threat of life to the young children around that vicinity. The municipal was thus responsible for the injury that the boy suffered. It was thus ruled that the municipal had to reimburse for the injuries sustained by the boy. Applied in the case at hand, the SCL Company owed a duty to Emma because it was their duty to ensure that the roof tiles are tightly fitted to prevent them from slipping...
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...practiced medicine as a duty to their patients and to society. Laws were developed in order to keep patients safe; therefore, ensuring that doctors practiced medicine to the best of their capability. In recent years, medical malpractice has increased dramatically. Now in today’s society, a doctor’s duty is to use reasonable care, judgement, and skill in his/her profession and when negligent, take full responsibility. In other cases, medical malpractice has been used against doctors by patients in order to sue and gain large amounts of money. In a well developed essay defend, challenge, or qualify whether medical malpractice is a serious issue at hand and whether it can have an impact on the medical field. Malpractice at its core is negligence and negligence is a tort; therefore, malpractice is a civil wrong. This is a detrimental issue within our society because it affects every person and in reality our health is the most important thing we have to maintain. Every health care provider assumes a duty when starting consultations, diagnosis, or treatment of a patient. This duty can be expressed in concrete form, such as a contract, given to the health care provider at the beginning of his/her position as a physician or an implied ethical duty to carry out medical processes with reasonable care and skill. If the doctor fails to provide the patient with appropriate diagnosis they have made a violation of their duty; as a result, a violation of a doctors duty ultimately causes...
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...Wrong Operation Doctor (Ethics and Integrity) Virtue Ethics Essay Tania Alfonso, R.N West Coast University NURS 521 Ethics in Healthcare 201607SUIIOL OL-1 Wrong Operation Doctor (Ethics and Integrity) Integrity is the mother of many virtues and starts when we deal honestly with ourselves. Integrity implicates a dedicated adherence to a strict moral or ethical code and a commitment not to compromise this code (Pozgar, 2016). Integrity is well-defined as a firm loyalty to a code of moral values, and it connotes soundness and incorruptibility. Integrity is the value we established on ourselves and the fulfillment of the duty we owe ourselves. A noble human being will personally commit to living up to certain self-imposed expectations, and need no outside check or control. Rather, this person is honorable in him/her inner core. Integrity is the light that shines from a disciplined conscience and the strength of duty within us. Integrity is definitively one of the essential strengths we can possess, not only in our profession but also in our lives. Coming from a cradle of integrity means being honest, truthful and reliable. It means trying to help rather than hurt, build rather than break, connect rather than crumble. Integrity It is a core value in nursing, a choice and something we can nurture. It is proven when an individual goes beyond what the codes and guidelines state and see that acting outside of these rules will better patient outcomes and safety, and in their...
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...Singapore Management University AY 2013-14 Term 2 Final Examination Date / Start Time | 21 Apr 2014 / 8.30am | Course | LGST 101 – Business Law | Group | G7 | Instructor | Assoc Prof Low Kee Yang | INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1 The time allocated for this examination paper is 2 hours, of which the first 15 minutes is reading time. Do not write on the answer booklet during reading time. 2 This examination paper has 1 question and comprises 2 pages, including this instruction sheet. All the best. : ) In November 2013, Cindy, a relatively unknown actress in the Singapore film scene, signed a contract to act in a movie produced by Daniel. Filming began in December 2013 and by mid-February 2014, more than $200,000 had been incurred on expenses, including costumes, marketing and shooting. On 15 February 2014, Cindy was ecstatic when she learnt that she has an Oscar nomination for best supporting actress in the category of foreign films for her role in a recent Singapore movie. She then decided that Daniel’s movie might negatively impact her future Hollywood career (as she was cast in Daniel’s movie as a stereotype) and informed Daniel that she would not be acting in his movie anymore. Daniel replied angrily that she will hear from his lawyers. On 22 February, Cindy contracted with Andy to play a lead role in his upcoming movie “The Noble Dragon”, which was scheduled to be released in September this year...
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...Out of the fourteen million HIV-positive patients documented worldwide, in 1993, two and a half million were diagnosed as AIDS cases. These statistics are tangible evidence that explain society’s fear and concern about the looming epidemic in the 1980’s and 1990’s that caused various stigmas and fostered so much discrimination. Jonathan Demme’s 1993 film Philadelphia explores the moral and ethical issues manifested by AIDS and its relation to homosexuality. This drama suggests AIDS was viewed as a crime against the self and society as a whole. The film depicts people who believed punishment was the only viable resolution for the promiscuous conduct associated with AIDS. These symbols were also discussed in Susan Sontag’ s essay “AIDS and its Metaphors.” After viewing Philadelphia in class, I thought it would be interesting to read the script in order to analyze the director’s notes and commentary. In studying Demme’s intentions for the scenes, I was able to better understand the language and relationships between the actors. I found many intriguing pieces of dialogue I had originally missed; for instance, Joe Miller is often seen in the background advertising his law firm with the line, “if you or someone you know has been injured through the fault of others, you may be entitled to legal remedy.” Andrew’s laughter after watching Miller’s commercial in the hospital is an ironic reaction to a statement that questions guilt or innocence among the ill. Joe essentially says that...
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...This essay is based on adult case study two a 70 year old male patient called Mr James. All names have been change in this essay in order to comply with the NMC (2008). Code professional conduct on confidential. The case study highlights a number of principle, legal issues and professional value. These will be identified and some will be discuss in details. Ethics is concerned with the study of social morality and philosophical reflection of norms and practice (Burckhardt and Nathaniel 2003). These ethical issues are those based on basic and essential to social values that include respect for life, liberty and to be cared for. There will be a demonstration of understanding the theory of deontology while recognizing the importance of ethical principles in relation on the delivery of individual patient care. Informed consent will be highlighted in detail to provide validity and factors involved. A reflection will be provided to detail the understanding of how ethical theories contribute to the ethical decision making process in clinical area. Also a brief discussion will be given to show what has been gained from producing this essay. Consent can be defined as an agreement to allow something to happen based on full disclosure of facts needed to make an intelligent decision (Hazel 2002). This includes the knowledge of risks involved, benefits and consequence of refusal. Informed consent not only requires that a person be given all relevant information required...
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...the named insured if a resident of the same household. 2. All of the following situations are excluded from coverage under Section II of the homeowners policy EXCEPT A) the rental of a spare bedroom which is used by the tenant as an office. B) the use of a rented airplane to take a vacation. C) the ownership of a ten-unit apartment house as an investment. D) the performance of professional services by the insured at the residence premises. ESSAY: 4. Application Questions, Question 1, page 486. (10 pts) (a) Covered. A suit or claim because of animals is covered. (b) Covered. The medical expenses of the injured player would be covered under Coverage F. (c) Covered. Persons injured on the premises are covered. The medical expenses are covered under Coverage F, and if a lawsuit ensues, there is coverage under Coverage E. (d) Covered. The child’s medical expenses are covered under Coverage F. (e) Not covered. Medical expenses incurred by...
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...K101 Foundation course to health & Social care. I have decided to study the K101 course because I want to develop my understanding of health and social care in order to better my understanding of the elements of occupational therapy; ultimately with a view to applying for a course in the subject at University. By completing this foundation course I am hoping to achieve the credits that are required to secure a place at university. I want to learn in depth the care we can receive within the United Kingdom and how it impacts the individuals and their families. I’m very interested in care homes and measuring the amount of time the nurses and carers can spend with each resident, also how this could affect other health issues and social situations. I am also interested in whether diabetes patients would benefit from more independent care or more help and support at home or with their GP’s. I eventually would like to figure out why some people choose to work in care but don’t actually want to help people. I feel it is an occupation where it needs passion and compassion. However the National Health Service in the UK also works miracles and saves millions of lives per year. The great work that they do has inspired me to work alongside them, with the hope that I can contribute to the constant improvements within the National Health Service. I would like to utilise my skills that I will gain to produce new ideas on how the care system can be improved. I...
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...and Ethics in prescribing During my supervised practice in an outpatient clinic the non-medical prescriber I was with was asked by a colleague to prescribe for a patient on her behalf. In my role as a vascular clinical nurse specialist, I run nurse led clinics working alongside other nonprescribing colleagues seeing patients with peripheral vascular disease, this can range from patients with leg ulcers or diabetic foot ulceration with wound infections to patients with intermittent claudication, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm or varicose veins, all of whom may or may not need medications or wound management treatments prescribed. It is very likely that during these clinics once I qualify as a non-medical prescriber I will be asked the same. In this essay I will explore the issues of law, accountability and ethics raised by prescribing on behalf of others. The legal system of England and Wales has two branches of law; criminal and civil Criminal Law: Statues are acts of parliament which are presented via the House of Commons moves to the House of Lords where amendments are made, returns to House of Commons, for final discussion when complete the Bill is given Royal Assent and passes into law. Criminal law involves offences against the state, it is usually the Crown that brings the action against the defendant (Gagan 2010 cited by Courtnay & Griffin). In terms of non-medical prescribing there are two important statues The Medicines Act 1968 this regulates the licensing...
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...stressful circumstance psychologically. In most social life the lack of knowledge can cause huge loss to individuals and the society in general. Medically nescience is associated with various illnesses and may result in increase of certain behavior such as denial and violent behaviors. This essay will discuss the negative implications nescience in workplace safety can have on company success. Anosognosia is the term used to describe nescience of illnesses. Unawareness of certain illness causes one to be unable to identify warning symptoms. For instance hypoglycemia nescience causes individuals to be unable to identify the warning signals signifying low blood sugar. They thus do not take any precautions of treating the low glucose level until it is too late. In most cases due to nescience of the warning symptoms such people end up realizing they are low in glucose level when it is too late. In another aspect, the lack of knowledge may result to development of certain medical condition such as Huntington’s disease. This disease results when an individual is unable to evaluate their behavior especially concerning overcoming a distressing situation. In most cases nescience of ones medical condition causes them to develop a defense mechanism especially if the medically condition is directly liked with depression. In some cases, the lack of information is considered to play positive role in human life. The lack of information may motivate people to try...
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...'Critically evaluate the impact of the House of Lords’ decision in Kennedy (No.2) [2007] UKHL 38 on the law relating to causation.’ This essay requires us to take a critical stand vis-à-vis the development of the law in relation to the issue of causation, as developed by the case of Kennedy (No.2). It will argue that the ratio given in Kennedy (No.2) is still good law, but there are certain situations where the supplier can be found guilty of gross negligence manslaughter. Kennedy falls within the scope of the analysis surrounding the Actus Reus element of a crime. Actus Reus is the first step that needs to be considered before establishing criminal liability. This step requires an action, an inaction (omission) or a state of affairs to occur. This action/ inaction should be voluntarily undertaken and the conduct must be linked directly to the consequences that follow (i.e. Causation). Liability for inaction (omission) is difficult to establish, usually because it is challenging to prove a direct causal link between the act of omission and the consequences that occurred. This is because the general rule is that ‘you are not your brother’s keeper’ (you shall bare no responsibility for the actions of another). However, there are certain situations where there is a positive duty to act (ex. if the defendant created the dangerous situation or if there is a certain special relationship between the defendant and the claimant). For causation to be established, a factual and legal...
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...Business Torts Issue Spotter Essay Emmy V. MedK Corp. MedK Corp. faces potential liability for the tort of Contractual Interference/Tortious Interference with Contractual Relations. Contractual Interference occurs when parties are not allowed the freedom to contract without interference from third party. Tortious Interference is that someone intentionally persuades another to break a contract already in existence. Here, MedK Corp. may be liable for Contractual Interference/Tortious Interference with Contractual Relations if sued by Emmy. Med K signed a contract under which Emmy’s company was to provide exclusive device delivery and in-home instruction through doctors to MedK Clients. The only two people who knew about the contract with MedK was Emmy and Rita. After Emmy starts seeing decrease in sales from MedK, Darrell, the CEO, admitted to Emmy, that Rita had been soliciting MedK and had been encouraging Darrell to slowly phase out the volume of referrals to Emmy’s company and transfer them to Rita’s new company. Darrell said that he would pay Emmy what she was owned, but would not honor the contract in full. Therefore, MedK is likely liable for Contractual Interference/Tortious Interference with Contractual Relations. Emmy V. Rita Rita faces potential liability for the tort of Contractual Interference/Tortious Interference with Contractual Relations. Contractual Interference occurs when parties are not allowed the freedom to contract without interference from...
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...Introduction Responsibility is defined as the "reliability, dependability, and the obligation to accomplish work”, responsibility also includes each person's obligation to perform at an acceptable level, the level that the person has been educated (Kelly-Heidenthal, 2003, p. 268). Accountability is defined as, "being responsible and liable for actions or failure of actions of oneself or others in the context of delegation" (NCSBN, 2009). This is in reference to the nurse's legal liability for the actions taken and patient outcomes. Accountability and responsibility are different, as responsibility belongs to the person doing the task and accountability belongs to the person who assigned the task. The nurse is both accountable for the task being completed and is also responsible for the patients in their care. (RCN, 2010) Accountability and responsibility are two essential parts of delegation. DeWits and O’Neill (2014) define delegation as "transferring the authority to perform a selected nursing task in a selected situation to a competent individual ". When delegating, the registered nurse (RN) allocates nursing tasks to health care assistants (HCAs) while still remaining accountable for the patient and the task that was assigned. Delegating is a management technique that is used to provide more efficient care to patients. (NCSBN, 2009) Permitting HCAs to take on nursing responsibilities allows the nurse to complete other tasks that need to be completed; however, delegation...
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