...Abstract Advances in human genetic testing have led to ground-breaking discoveries. However, the field is still in its infancy leading to new discoveries daily. This paper will identify and examine the roles of the multi-disciplinary team to deal with a family’s diagnosis of Tay Sach’s disease in their unborn child. It will also include a teaching plan designed for this family and examine the ethical implications of the availability of personal genetic information. There is also a Reflection piece dealing with how I would feel about the family’s decision ad how I would advocate for their decision. It will also examine the ethical and legal considerations of continuing a pregnancy after a diagnosis of Tay Sach’s. Genetics Case Study Family Ethics and Beliefs guide the Trosack family in the initial decision making process but they will need education and support in order to effectively care for their child and cope with the diagnosis of Tay Sach’s. Many resources are needed to properly care for this family and an interdisciplinary team is required to ensure that as many needs can be met as possible. Interdisciplinary Team Members: 1. Case Manager: The Case Manager is essential to planning and coordinating other disciplines to assist the Trosack family. The Case Manager can provide information on care during pregnancy, and also care and resources available in the community after discharge home. The Case Manager can assist in finding appropriate physicians for the child...
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...Many people in the United States cannot afford health care. Monthly costs for basic health care can cost upwards of three hundred dollars. With this, many people either go without health care or find other ways to keep up with their health. One of the most useful but controversial ways includes Planned Parenthood. Without Planned Parenthood many women and men would go without things such as breast exams, STD testing, and prostate screening. In this essay I will explain what planned parenthood does, the controversy, why we should fund it, and what will happen if Planned Parenthood is defunded. With 38,000 staff members, Planned Parenthood is responsible providing health services to 2.7 million men, women, and young adults. (Planned Parenthood...
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...Patrick Zimmer Home | Projects | Music | Sitemap | Contact Genetic Engineering Essay Projects / Academic / Genetic Engineering Essay GENETIC ENGINEERING - The benefits and problems Genetic engineering is a powerful and potentially very dangerous tool. To alter the sequence of nucleotides of the DNA that code for the structure of a complex living organism, can have extremely ill effects although the potential benefits can be huge. Before advances in genetic applications, gene therapy was unheard of and genetic defects were always inherited, plaguing generations. Today genetic testing is widely available, such as prenatal karyotyping of chromosomes to check for genetic abnormalities. Genetic testing is also useful for families in which autosomal recessive disorders are known to exist, when these are planning to have children. In addition, genetic testing is available for people who might have inherited a genetic disorder which only becomes apparent later in life (for example Huntington's Disease). Individual choice decides whether a person would rather know if they are particularly vulnerable to certain diseases or more likely to die young. Knowing that your life may be short could inspire you to make the most of it while it could equally well cause severe depression. Today`s advances in gene therapy make it possible to even remove a faulty gene and replace it with a functioning gene in cells lacking this function. Though these techniques are available, they are still in...
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...length of the life expectancy for someone who is challenged with DS compared to someone that is not mentally challenged. The last thing that I will cover within this paper is that of foundations that have been created to conduct research and treatment for those with Down syndrome and to answer the question that many may have as to there being a cure for Down syndrome. Down syndrome a term that many are familiar with in the United States; the scientific name for DS is usually known for the extra chromosome passed on to the child from the mother or father. Down syndrome may be called trisomy 21 or trisomy G. According to Leshin Down Syndrome originally was discovered “in 1866, when a physician named John Langdon Down published an essay in England in which he described a set of children with common features who were distinct from other children...
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...affect educational performance in one or more areas: self-care, social relationships, personal adjustments, academic progress, classroom behavior, or work adjustment” (Level 1V: Program Planning, n.d.). Emotional/behavioral disorders are the most under diagnosed and/or misdiagnosed group of disorders that students may have. The signs and symptoms of emotional/behavioral disorders can be missed, mimic other disorders and some cases emotional/behavioral disorders coincide with other disabilities. There are a few categories that must be taken into consideration when assessing a student for emotional/behavioral disorders as well as implementing interventions that will meet the specific needs of EBD students. The categories that the following essay will discuss are biological, family, school and culture. Within each category are a few factors that need to be fully understood and considered in order to have a clear, complete and concise view of the student’s emotional and behavioral needs and the causes of it. Biological Factors Biological factors occur naturally and within the child. According to the article Biological Issues Related to Emotional/behavioral Disorders (2014) biological factors includes chemical imbalances, genetic predisposition; exposure to harmful chemicals during and after pregnancy and poor nutrition. When children are exposed to harmful chemicals during and after pregnancy it puts them “at risk for physical and mental health problems that can begins during...
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...Central Texas College Psychology 2301 – General Psychology Semester: June 1, 2015 – July 25, 2015 Tuesday & Thursday: 5:30pm – 7:30pm Building: 7656, Room #12 Instructor: Lesly R. Krome, M. S. lrkrome@ksu.edu I. Introduction A. General Psychology is a survey of the major psychological topics, theories, and approaches to the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. B. This course satisfies three semester hours of the Social/Behavioral Science for the Associate of Science and Associate of Arts degrees. Please check your degree plan to determine the status of this course in your program of study. C. Through this course, students will prepare for contemporary challenges by developing and demonstrating critical thinking skills, communication skills, social responsibility, and empirical and quantitative skills. D. Prerequisites(s): None II. Learning Outcomes Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: A. Identify various research methods and their characteristics used in the scientific study of psychology. B. Describe the historical influences and early schools of thought that shaped the field of psychology. C. Describe some of the prominent perspectives and approaches used in the study of psychology. D. Use terminology unique to the study of psychology. E. Describe accepted approaches and standards in psychological assessment and evaluation. F. Identify factors in physiological and psychological processes involved in human...
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...Maddie Bowman Susan Zelms English 101 October 28, 2013 Informative essay rough draft Every four out of ten teens will get pregnant before they turn 20. Almost fifty percent of teens have never thought about how a pregnancy would affect their lives even though having a baby could be one of the most life-changing experiences a person can have. Choosing this topic interested me because I enjoy watching the show Teen Mom and it was always interesting to me what their lives are like with having a baby at age 18 or younger. What I really wanted to find through research were the statistics on pregnancy rates. Researching this topic will give me a further understanding of exactly how many mothers get pregnant and the outcomes of different decisions. The decisions in which a pregnant mother makes should benefit her son or daughter instead of herself. Teen pregnancy causes unwanted stress, financial problems, and most of all it interferes with completing school. Now that this topic has been introduced, now we can get a deeper look on what exactly a teen mom goes through and how it will affect her in the decisions she makes. Teen mothers should be making good decisions in what’s best for her child as far as completing high school and enrolling in college. Education is still an important responsibility of a teen mother. Finishing high school and pursuing a college education will allow her to be able to financially support her child and become more independent. Statistics show...
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...will perpetuate standards of perfection that caters to political and economic elites, and threaten our solidarity with those underprivileged. In a few notorious cases, some prerequisite technologies of “Designer Baby”, like prenatal and pre-implantation screening, have been abused in some parts of India and China to select and abort babies of undesirable gender (Ravitsky, 2011). It can be reasonably speculated that, as feared by many human rights activists, the widespread "Designer Baby" technology will potentially expand the social gap between the privileged and the underprivileged, exacerbate social injustice, and intensify discrimination against anyone perceived as having genetic “imperfection". More frighteningly, in the long run, as embryos are elaborately manipulated to formulate anticipated intellectual, physical and mental advantages, transhumanists will likely to breed a genetically superior race of super-humans. They undermine the equality of humans, and will perhaps pose a potential threat on ethical principles of equality. Consequently, these super-humans may bring in new social arrangement, stigmatize peers without genetic enhancements as genetic inferiors, much similar to our current view on chimpanzees, suitable for zoo exhibits and drug testing (Agar, 2006). In particular, those who are not genetically engineered may experience an inevitable loss of working opportunity because of their latent defective genes. Therefore, in...
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...Do you have any recollection or memory of your own self before you were born? Do you remember shifting through a menu similar to that of McDonald’s and selecting the color of your hair? What about the color of your skin, or maybe your height? Of course you don’t. However, if you were given the opportunity to completely change the person you’ve worked hard to mold into what you currently call you, would you take it? Again, you most likely wouldn’t. Your physical body, your thoughts, imagination, personality--all make up the whole you. You didn’t choose to be you, you just are. Sadly, throughout the course of history, we, as a collective society, have scrutinized those who were considered “different” simply because we were scared. No matter what the textbooks or historians say, discrimination is the direct result of fear and ignorance. It is a superficial, false hate. How would one define this false hate? Well, if we were to go with the literal definition, according to Webster’s dictionary, hate is the feeling or animosity toward someone[1]. Another widely accepted description of hatred is that it’s very similar to love, often blinding, and making people prone to believe things that are definitely not true. Oftentimes, many of us fall victim to this, and feelings of animosity and prejudice begin to stir in our minds; sometimes these feelings are reflected in our actions. What’s more, the sad part is that same prejudice and feelings of hatred have no backbone—they can’t be supported...
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...Real Essays From Stanford Medical Students Comments Regarding Plagiarism The essays contained within this document were written by current Stanford medical students and have been carefully read and reviewed by file reviewers, interviewers, and admissions staff and officers at Stanford Medical School as well as dozens of other medical schools across the country. We must emphasize that you need to be honest in writing your personal statements. If you borrow material or use quotes from other sources, make sure to credit them appropriately. Not giving credit where it is due is not only disastrous to your essay, but it is also illegal. Admissions officers read hundreds, and even thousands of personal statements each year, and have developed a fine tune sense for detecting plagiarism as well as remembering the essays they’ve read. You owe it to yourself to be hones, open, and sincere in writing your personal essay as it is a reflection of yourself and what is important in your life and your decision to pursue a career in medicine. Stanford Essays The following essays were written by real Stanford medical students in preparing their applications. We suggest that you read through all of the essays to get a diverse view of the types of themes and styles which have been successfully used for personal statements. Each personal statement is exactly that, personal. No one format or style will work for everyone. However, there are structures and themes which are common throughout...
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...Chapter Overview 12.1 The Beginnings of Development What Is Development? Prenatal Development The Newborn CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 12.1 Before and Preoperational Stage Concrete Operational Stage Formal Operational Stage Challenges to Piaget’s Stage Theory Social Development The Power of Touch Attachment Theory Disruption of Attachment Family Relationships Peers After Birth 12.2 Infancy and Childhood Physical Development Cognitive Development Piaget’s Stage Theory Sensorimotor Stage CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 12.2 Stages of Cognitive Development 12 Learning Objectives Development Throughout the Life Span 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 Describe the development of the field and explain the prenatal and newborn stages of human development. Discuss physical development in infants and newborns. Examine Piaget’s stage theory in relation to early cognitive development. Illustrate the importance of attachment in psychosocial development. Discuss the impact of sexual development in adolescence and changes in moral reasoning in adolescents and young adults. Examine the life stages within Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. Illustrate the physical, cognitive, and social aspects of aging. Describe the multiple influences of nature and nurture in human development. 12.3 Adolescence and Young Adulthood Physical Development Cognitive Development Social Development Cognitive Development Social Development Continuity or Change Relationships Ages and...
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...CHAPTER 6 A CRITIQUE OF THE EIGHT PSYCHOLOGISTS Sigmund Freud While Freudian theory is vulnerable to criticisms of being unscientific and too reductionistic (though behaviorists criticize it for not being reductionistic enough), classic psychoanalysis does offer a comprehensive system of personality, pathology, and therapy that has made a lasting contribution to an understanding of human behavior, especially in such areas as defense mechanisms, the reality of unconscious mental dynamics, and the psychodynamics of dreams. Freud’s work was characterized by originality, boldness, and power of communication. In his theory of neurosis, he captured the tragic dimension of human existence, particularly in the selfdestructive antithesis of instinctual conflict. The locus of these destructive impulses is internalized in the individual and not merely derivative from civilization. In this respect, Freud’s portrayal of the human condition has more depth than romantic humanism and yields significant points of correlation with the Christian understanding of sin, guilt, and the need for redemption. Regarding Freud’s theory of personality, there appears to be no unified structure or functional unity between the id, the ego, and the superego, and these personality components are described in intuitive and literary terms that elude scientific analysis. Instead, they are often personified as homunculi that operate in monochromatic ways, yielding a theory...
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...PART 1 THE STUDY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT R esearching the process of human development across cultures provides us with an opportunity to improve the human condition as well as, hopefully, to acquire the knowledge needed to optimize life satisfaction. We therefore begin with an overview of how diverse social science and life science researchers (collectively known as developmentalists) approach the monumental task of studying humans over the course of the life span. Our discussion includes the goals of the scientific community, the recognized framework for studying the life span, what aspects of development warrant extensive examination, and what scientific methods are used to conduct research with humans. Chapter 2 discusses the main developmental theories over the past 100 years, when social scientists, biologists, and chemists focused on studying discrete aspects of human development. Earlier introspective methods about subconscious experience and contemporary measurable evidence about microscopic genetic codes, neurons, and hormones all contribute to our understanding of the human condition. Contemporary researchers are focusing on how to integrate scientific findings and theory from across cultures into a more meaningful whole about human development. CHAPTER 1 Introduction Critical Thinking Questions 1. Developmental change takes place in three fundamental domains: physical, cognitive, and emotional-social. Which domain has been most important for...
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...psychology Course Description Effective Fall 2013 AP Course Descriptions are updated regularly. Please visit AP Central ® (apcentral.collegeboard.org) to determine whether a more recent Course Description PDF is available. The College Board The College Board is a mission-driven not-for-profit organization that connects students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board was created to expand access to higher education. Today, the membership association is made up of more than 5,900 of the world’s leading educational institutions and is dedicated to promoting excellence and equity in education. Each year, the College Board helps more than seven million students prepare for a successful transition to college through programs and services in college readiness and college success — including the SAT® and the Advanced Placement Program®. The organization also serves the education community through research and advocacy on behalf of students, educators, and schools. For further information, visit www.collegeboard.org. AP Equity and Access Policy The College Board strongly encourages educators to make equitable access a guiding principle for their AP programs by giving all willing and academically prepared students the opportunity to participate in AP. We encourage the elimination of barriers that restrict access to AP for students from ethnic, racial, and socioeconomic groups that have been traditionally underserved. Schools should ...
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...This article is published in a peer-reviewed section of the Utrecht Law Review The Use and Influence of Comparative Law in ‘Wrongful Life’ Cases Ivo Giesen* 1. Introduction** 1.1. Comparable stories of great grief In 1993, a South African boy named Brian Stewart was born severely handicapped. He suffers from ‘spina bifida’, a congenital defect to the lower spine, which negatively affects the nerve supply to the lower limbs, bladder and bowel. He suffers from a brain defect as well.1 In 1994, a Dutch girl named Kelly Molenaar was also born severely handicapped. By the time she was two-and-half-years old she was diagnosed as being retarded, autistic, not fully grown, not able to walk or talk, suffering from heart disease, bad hearing and poor eyesight and she was not able, at that time, to recognize her parents. She had been admitted to hospital on nine occasions due to continuous crying, believed to be caused by pain.2 Comparable stories about severely handicapped children can be found in several other countries as well. Both Brian and Kelly were not supposed to have been born in the sense that their mothers would have chosen for an abortion had they known in time about the birth defects their children would suffer. Brian’s mother would have undergone a termination of her pregnancy had the obstetrician and gynaecologist she consulted detected any abnormalities in the foetus and advised her thereof. Kelly’s mother had asked the obstetrician she consulted to carry out some...
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