...William Feola Topic 4 Essay 2/23/2016 In the middle of the nineteenth century, European societies were going through tremendous changes due to politicization of the ordinary, helped by the French Revolution, and the Industrial Revolution. During these changes and challenges, intellectuals and political activists proposed different approaches to making society function better. Different bodies of thoughts were proposed and political organizations that supported different ideologies were created. These groups and organizations stemmed from liberalism, feminism, romanticism and Social Darwinism. These groups, the liberalists, feminists, romanticists and the Social Darwinists, had to try to cope with the rapid modernization of the west precipitated by the Industrial Revolution. In this essay we are going to talk about how each group was able to cope with the rapid modernization and how they were able to face the changes and challenges. First of all, we saw liberalism try to cope with the rapid modernization of the west precipitated by the Industrial Revolution. These liberals thought that human life and society could progress without having violent revolutions or relying on tradition. Non-violent approaches to changing society is called liberalism. The liberals during the time of the Industrial Revolution believed that individuals had the power to reason and that they are rational. In other words, it means they are capable of bettering themselves without destroying the...
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...Woodworth Role Model Review: Richard Dawkins Clinton Richard Dawkins is a retired Oxford University professor. He is also known for being an evolutionary biologist and an author. As a child, Dawkins was brought up in a Christian home, in the Anglican Church. According to Dawkins, he learned that the world had many different religions when he was nine years old. Around the age of fifteen, he discovered Darwinism and started believing in the theory of evolution. Dawkins feels that Darwinism is a better explanation of life on earth than the Biblical explanation that God created the universe, man, and everything in it. Dawkins has an atheist worldview and expresses his worldview in numerous books, journals, and lectures. In this essay, I will compare and contrast Dawkins’ values and beliefs with my own concerning family, career, social issues and the nature of God. Dawkins’ family consisted of his father, mother and sister. His parents believed in God and attended church. They were interested in natural science and taught him everything using terms of science. As Dawkins studied Darwinism, he turned away from Christianity and became a nonbeliever. As a child, my family life was similar to Dawkins’ family life. I was brought up in a Christian household. My parents taught me many things, and I have one sister. The main difference between me and Dawkins when it comes to family is that I did not turn away from my family values and Christian beliefs as I became older. I still have a Christian...
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...An understanding of Social Darwinism Social Darwinism is the application of the theory of natural selection to social, political and economic issues, it follows the mantra of the strong survive including animals and human issues. This theory was used to promote the idea that the white Europeans race was superior to others and destined to rule over them. Darwin’s influence is not only limited to science, but rather it has influenced political, social and economic thinking. People have been trying to apply it to types of human relations and this resulted to scramble of Africa, apartheid, genocide, demining of social values and the controlled economies by super powers. Malthus’s writings provided the germ Darwin’s theory of natural selection....
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...Response #1: “Gospel Of Wealth” Andrew Carnegie was a man who believed that any person with the right set of skills and education could become wealthy. Carnegie himself was a Scottish immigrant who dragged himself from rags, to one of the richest men in the United States. He thought that if a person was “rich,” then they were more admirable than others and, therefore, knew how to prosper in society. Carnegie states “Those worthy of assistance, except in rare cases, seldom require assistance.” Carnegie believed in a form of Darwinism, Social Darwinism. He consistently speaks in a paternalistic manner throughout his essay, portraying himself as a man of unspeakable wealth and playing to the fact that he is better than most because of it. Carnegie was not a man with little to say. He had strong feeling towards wealth and how it should be handled and this in evident in his writing of the, Gospel of Wealth. Carnegie proposes that there are three modes in which wealth can be distributed: Inheritance, Bequeathed for public uses, and managed by its possessor within his/her lifetime. He then goes into great detail on each mode, for example; inheritance is said to be the most injudicious method in the world. Carnegie’s idea that it is up to each generation to find their way in society plays into his feelings towards this mode. He further explains that inheritance is selfish and injustice not only to the inheritor but also to the mother and children. Carnegie suggest It is not the...
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...Short Essay’s Questions/Answers On WESTERN CIVILIZATION Submitted by Dated Sec 1, Q1: Nineteenth century Europe began an enormous program of global expansion, establishing colonies in much of Africa and Asia. What domestic factors, old and new, caused this flurry of colonial activity in the period after the 1870s? What is the connection between this new imperialism and Social Darwinism? What can we learn about the process and success of imperialism in Africa and Asia from Conrad’s story? Answer The European colonialism brought different changes to the domestic level in Africa and Asian regions. The period after 1870s brought imperialistic aggression in African and Asian countries alongside the diplomatic pressures, colonial conquest and military invasion especially in the regions of Africa. The domestic people faced the foreign domination and attempt of colonization. During the 1870s the Europeans succeed to under control only 10% of the African region and it was the period when Europe started to grab the African land by the 1914, around 90 percent of the African continent was under control of Europeans (The Creation, 2011). In Africa the Berlin conference played vital role in regulating colonization alongside the trade in the African regions. Similarly in the Asian region in subcontinent, the European Colonialism was established ant later on the imperialism was started in 1857 after the freedom war. The European colonialism gradually extend its control over the political...
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...Assignment 1.2 Arthur T. Plyler Jr. Dr. Black, Ph.D. Contemporary U.S. History August 10, 2014 Abstract In the short span of 55 years between 1865 and 1920 the Industrial Revolution brought vast expansion of big business and a change to the American people. Lad by Henry Ford’s assembly line industrial powers such as Carnegie, Huntington, and Rockefeller emerged and built their empires. Birthed from these industrial empires we witnessed the growth of legislation and laws that where susceptible to manipulation by the development of corrupt politics. With the surge in technology, growth of super powers, environmental issues, government legislation, or corrupt business practices or corrupt government the industrial revolution exploded in a time where change was needed to draw the American eye away from the deadly Civil War, which so many where still attached to, and focus on the theoretical idea “a better way of life”. The Industrial Revolution was sold to the American people with the false since that if you work hard you will acquire wealth. This lie to the populace was met with a flood of American and immigrant workers that swarmed to the workforce for low wages and unhealthy work environments. Imbedding this idea into the American workforce the Industrial Revolution spawned business power houses like Carnegie, Huntington, Ford, and Rockefeller. The Industrial Revolution also bestowed on us the corrupt business and political practices that shaped the laws and regulations...
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...contribution (Hannaford, 1996, p.188). However, almost all studies agree that a distinctive development of racial thinking began to take place in the Nineteenth Century (Hirschfield, 1998, p.35). The Nineteenth Century saw the search for the historical and biological origins of race (Hannaford, 1996, p.235). It went beyond the simply classification of race and towards a more significant delineation of race into one that embodies characteristics, personalities and even mental abilities. Several key developments were relevant to this progression. These will be examined as follows: first the importance of the development of biological categories and the influence of power will be examined. Secondly, the development of scientific dialogue of Darwinism and Eugenics will be discussed. Thirdly, an examination will be made of the influence of nationalism and imperialism. Finally, the notion to which the discourse became self-serving will be considered in that as the connection...
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...“The Time Machine” is a science fiction novel by H. G. Wells, published in 1895. This novel has revolutionized the concept of using a vehicle to time travel. It was written in a time where industrialization was booming, new technological advances were being discovered, people constantly debated about capitalism and communism, and the theory of “Social Darwinism” was being viciously applied. To summarize the novel, a Victorian scientist is determined to prove his theory that there is a fourth dimension, which is time. And like the other three dimensions (space), you can move forward and backward. To demonstrate this, he builds a time machine and travels to the future, where he encounters the Eloi, and describes them as pale and weak physically...
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...The Gilded Age, a period beginning in the 1870’s and lasting until the late 1890’s, was an era in American history characterized by unparalleled economic growth and technological advancements while also plagued by significant social and political challenges. The name Gilded Age is derived from famous author Mark Twain’s novel of the same name, written for the purpose of exposing the blatant corruption and excessive materialism of America’s most rich and powerful. This essay aims to analyze the juxtaposition of prosperity among the wealthy elite and inequality during the Gilded Age. The rampant industrialization of the Gilded Age propelled prosperity by fostering great economic growth and technological innovation, consequently exacerbating...
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...Component (10 points each, 100 points total) Directions The instructor will put on the in-class portion of the exam a number of terms, names, and concepts drawn from the following list. The student will pick ten (10) and answer in a short I.D./short answer format. Although your answers should be concise, they should be complete enough to convince the instructor that you thoroughly understand the course material. Where applicable, use examples or illustrations. Each student is permitted to have one 8” x 5” handwritten note card during the exam. Frank Boas scientific method “Creation Science” theory hypothesis Karl Marx Charles Darwin Frederick Engels Origin of the Species Jared Diamond “social Darwinism” Margaret Mead natural selection Yehudi Cohen zoological taxonomy Anthropology vs. Sociology taxon ethnographic methodologies Paleolithic genealogical method Mesolithic interviewing techniques Neolithic key cultural consultants agricultural revolution in Neolithic longitudinal research human zoological taxonomy annual cycle what primates have in common why anthropologists should spend more than one annual cycle primates “ivory tower” approach differences between humans and other primates “advocacy” approach Homininoids Homo sapiens American Anthropological Association Hominins Homo sapiens sapiens ethics for ethnographers Hominids “archaic” homo...
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...your dreams can be nerve racking. However, the idea of having an abundance of opportunities kept it thrilling. This is the idea of the American dream from the immigrants point of view and in a way they received the complete opposite from America. In “The Jungle” by Upton Sinclair he demonstrates through his characters what day to day life was really like for immigrants. They weren’t treated fair and were forced to live and work in dreadful conditions. Throughout this essay it will be discussed what exactly immigrants were pursuing when coming to America and how that was a false premise to their idea of the American dream. Since immigrants were labeled inferior to the rest of humanity, it made it impossible for them to follow the American dream. Immigrants came over to America to have a fighting chance, to...
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...nineteenth-century under the influences of Darwinism on the biological and social sciences. It is an attempt to understand the world, and it tests the cause and effect of sociological behavior. Some of the more famous functionalists are Charles Darwin, Emile Durkheim, and Horace Kallen. Horace Kallen's article in the article in the Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, states that functionalism has influenced every discipline. In psychology, it led to the substitution of the stream of consciousness for states of mind. In philosophy, it led to the rise of pragmatism and instrumentalism, and in logic it replaced the laws of thought with the theory of scientific method. Functionalism basically came to be seen as a means to an end. There are two major sub-schools of modern functionalism; macro-functionalism and micro-functionalism. Macro-functionalism focuses primarily on breaking down large-scale systems such as societies or civilizations and making them into small-scale systems, such as groups. Micro-functionalism deals mainly with the behaviors and personalities of the group. Functionalism has not fully been accepted because it is a theory that is still developing and is still trying to be understood. Conflict theory is the belief that change and conflict are good for society conflict theorists such as Karl Marx, David Hume, and Adam Ferguson believe that every society requires a minimum realistic view about its conflicts in order to survive. In Adam Ferguson's An Essay on the History of Civil Society...
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...Introduction to Sociology Final essay Maria Mooney Gately Due: May 13, 2013 Growing up in Ireland during the aftermath of the great potato famine dictated my great -grandparents (1880-1950) decision to migrate to the United States. As Mintz and McNeil (2013) said “The Irish potato famine was not simply a natural disaster. It was also a product of social causes. Under British rule, Irish Catholics were prohibited from entering the professions or even purchasing land.” To the Irish seeking escape from disease, famine, oppression and land shortage, migration to America was viewed as the land of opportunity and hope of a better life. As America’s emerging industrial economy expanded to meet the new market demands, more immigrants arrived on our shores. According to U.S. Census Bureau in 1976 “from 1869 to 1879, the US economy grew at an unprecedented rate of 6.8% for GDP and 4.5% for NNP per capita. The economy repeated this period of growth in the 1880s, in which the wealth of the nation grew at an annual rate of 3.8%, while the GDP was also doubled”. This economic growth led society into what was known as the “Gilded Era 1865-1918” of which social Darwinism was the prevailing social concept of the time. Herbert Spencer coined the term “survival of the fittest” which attempted to justify the stratification of wealthy and poor. Spencer thought helping the poor was wrong and would interfere with the natural process. Let the inferior (poor) die off and the wealthy...
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...Industrial Revolution Name Institution Industrial Revolution |Essay about the Industrial |[pi|[pi|[pi| |Revolution |c] |c] |c] | |The Industrial revolution was a time of drastic change and transformation from hand tools, and hand made items to machine manufactured and | |mass produced goods. This change generally helped life, but also hindered it as well. Pollution, such as co2 levels in the atmosphere rose,| |working conditions declined, and the number of women and children working increased. The government, the arts, literature, music and | |architecture and man's way of looking at life all changed during the period. Two revolutions took place, both resulting in productive but | |also dire consequences. | |Before the first industrial revolution, England's economy was based on its cottage industry. Workers would buy raw materials from | |merchants, take it back to their cottages, hence the name, and produce the goods at their home. It was usually was owned and managed by one| |or more people, who were generally close to the workers. There was a good worker/boss relationship, which was demolished and destroyed by | |capitalism. This industry was efficient but the workers, productivity was low, making costs higher. The longer it took...
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...their nationalistic approaches are just the outer shell and the reality is turns out to be racist. In Nazism, their intention is to give favor to the people with German blood while excluding the foreign races. They made the numerous rules of restriction while strongly support the idea of discriminations for non-Germans while the people with German blood were advocated in almost every aspect in their country. Non-German people were forbidden to participate in many fields such as politics, cultural life and other intellectual activities. (Hitler 1937 speech ex.1). When Adolf Hitler started to practice a brutal dictatorship, many people were abjured to experience the Germany environment and they were forbidden for the rest of their life. This essay will argue the actions of Nazism while revealing their approach to racist. To being with, since the year that Adolf Hitler became a chief minister of...
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