...A key feature of the Second Great Awakening was the introduction of camp meetings. Camp meetings were a Presbyterian creation but later took permanent hold in the Methodist denomination. As the Awakening progressed, camp meetings spread from the frontier to the Atlantic coast. Camp meetings were a source of religious expression and revival. Even after the Second Great Awakening ended, camp meetings remained a cultural and religious mainstay. By looking at the history of camp meetings in the United States, the evolution of the camps and their purpose, both religious and social, can be seen. Camp meetings during the Second Great Awakening originated as a way to organize groups for revivals. Meetings lasted for days, even weeks. They were...
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...WEEK 10: The Second Great Awakening: religious life in Antebellum America/The Seneca Falls Convention and Origins of the Women’s Rights Movement READINGS: Mary Kupiec Cayton, “The Expanding World of Jacob Norton: Reading, Revivalism, and the Construction of a ‘Second Great Awakening’ in New England, 1787-1804,” Journal of the Early Republic 26, No. 2 (Summer 2006): 221-48; Alison M. Parker, “The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848: A Pivotal Moment in Nineteenth-Century America” (Review of Sally G. McMillen’s Seneca Falls and the Origins of the Woman’s Rights Movement), Reviews in American History 36, No. 3 (September 2008): 341-48. ASSIGNMENT: short commentary 1) Watch Episode 2, “A New Eden,” of the PBS Series God in America and answer the...
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...This problem had emerged in the first few years of the settlement period and quickly gained momentum in the seventeenth century. By the late 1600s all thirteen colonies had come under English control. Governing bodies therefore consisted either of proprietors (individuals granted ownership of a colony and full authority to establish a government and distribute land) hired by wealthy investors, or councils, controlled by the monarchy (king or queen) and the aristocracy (elite social class) in England. 2. What was the First ( Great Awakening? Why was it significant ? How did it differ for people of different social and legal standing ? First Great Awakening was a religious movement among American colonial Protestants in the 1730s and 1740s. colonies. The Great Awakening may also be interpreted as the last major expression of the religious ideals on which the New England colonies were founded. It was significant because it showed a series of emotional religious revivals that was spread. It was new and different for people because that was not what they knew. Which in part was hard for them to adapt to quickly. 3. To whom was Alexander Hamilton a “the right hand man” Who sings “ The Farmer Refuted?” He was the right hand man to George Washington. The Farmers Refuted...
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...The ideas of Mercantilism, The Enlightenment, and The Great Awakening had a lot to do with the War of Independence. The War of Independence is more popularly known as the American Revolutionary War, for those who do not know. Mercantilism contributed to the war because it was one of the causes of the why the war started. The British started to use the mercantile system to benefit their profits, which led to anger and rebellion. The Enlightenment has rooted ideas which are reasonability, empowerment, and reciprocity. All three of these ideas were broken when the King raised taxes because he thought he could make colonists pay since he had wars on their soil. Lastly, The Great Awakening contributed to the war because it gave the colonists some...
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...Luis Castro Enlightenment to The Great Awakening The great awakening started in the 1720s and endured until the 1910s. It was a time when almost the entirety of the thirteen colonies had been attending sermons of many popular preachers, preachers such as George Whitefield. But it wasn’t always like that; the great awakening was preceded by a lack of Christianity, and a degradation of moral values. To try to fix this William Stoughton, a minister from New England, in 1688, went to the legislature in Massachusetts and said “O what a sad metamorphasis hath of later years passed upon us in these churches and plantations! Alas! How is New England in danger to be buried in its own ruins”^1. What he tried to say was that throughout time the churches have diminished, and that because of this New England will be sending itself to its grave. The Great Awakening was one of the most swaying religious movements that led people to do good, such as the American Revolution, and in some cases unpleasant acts. To quote Doctor Edwin S. Gaustad “… A revolution, while bringing deprivation and hardship, would bring also a new wholesomeness and vitality to American life.” He said this because he was trying to explain that in the eyes of the colonist’s Britain was starting to become evil, which he showed by quoting John Adams “Calamity will have this good effect, at least: it will inspire Us with many Virtues, which We have not, and correct many Errors, Follies, and Vices, which threaten...
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...Name: Professor: Course: Date: The Link between an Evangelical Spirit as Found In the Second Great Awakenings and the Reforming Impulse Historians and sociologists have consistently observed the relationship between the abolitionist movement and revivalism. Evangelical movements and works contributed to the end of the slave trade and slavery which was rampant in Europe and the United States for the period between the 18th and the 19th century. The industrial and scientific revolution marked this period. To this end, slaves were in high demand on industries and plantations like the ones in South America. Most production was labor intensive, and this nature perhaps explains the intensification of the slave trade during this period. However, missionaries, philosophers and economists like Adam Smith started anti-slavery campaigns. Like Adam Smith, he was very certain that free people are more productive than slaves. Inhumane acts marked the lives of slaves. Masters could whip their Slaves even in public, and they were tied to immobilize them from running away. Thanks, to the antislavery campaigns through evangelism that led to the end of slave trade and slavery. An analysis of the second great awakenings reveals that there is a link between the evangelical spirit and the "reforming Impulse." This link animated the many movements of social reform in the years leading up to the American Civil War. The American evangelicals depicted Americans as the most religious people in the...
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...on February 8, 1850, the second child of Thomas O'Flaherty of County Galway, Ireland, and Eliza Faris of St. Louis. Kate's family on her mother's side was of French extraction, and Kate grew up speaking both French and English. She was bilingual and bicultural--feeling at home in different communities with quite different values--and the influence of French life and literature on her thinking is noticeable throughout her fiction. From 1855 to 1868 Kate attended the St. Louis Academy of the Sacred Heart, with one year at the Academy of the Visitation. As a girl, she was mentored by woman--by her mother, her grandmother, and her great grandmother, as well as by the Sacred Heart nuns. Kate formed deep bonds with her family members, with the sisters who taught her at school, and with her life-long friend Kitty Garasché. Much of the fiction Kate wrote as an adult draws on the nurturing she received from women as she was growing up. Her early life had a great deal of trauma. In 1855, her father was killed in a railroad accident. In 1863 her beloved French-speaking great grandmother died. Kate spent the Civil War in St. Louis, a city where residents supported both the Union and the Confederacy and where her family had slaves in the house. Her half brother enlisted in the Confederate army, was captured by Union forces, and died of typhoid fever. From 1867 to 1870 Kate kept a commonplace book in which she recorded diary entries and copied passages of essays, poems, and other writings...
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...The First Great Awakening Research Paper Submitted to Dr. William Bryant CHHI 302-D01 201340 BY Chris Jones November 21, 2013 Introduction The Great Awakening, which found its beginnings in 1740, was the first event to effectively influence all of the British colonies. In recent years religion had become complacent, and many people were going to church, but not really benefitting from the teachings. Going through the motions and acting like they were gaining something out of it was the main thought of the time. During this time, strong minded evangelists emerged and began preaching with fire-and-brimstone on their tongues; declaring the only way to find salvation was through conversion. This spirited revival became what is known as the Great Awakening. The Great Awakening empowered people to begin thinking on their own, making their own decisions, which brought them closer in relationship with God. The Great Awakening is believed to be one of the reasons the colonists lost favor with the British Empire, and gave rise to the beginnings of the American Revolution. The Great Awakening The Great Awakening had its beginnings in the American colony of New Jersey. Frelinghuysen and Gilbert Tennent are recognized as the first to organize the Awakening. Frelinghuysen, a Dutch pastor raised in the Dutch reformed churches, began teaching the necessity of deep transformation in the 1720’s. Tennent followed his father when he continued organizing the “log colleges” where...
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...Comparative Literature August 2011 semester Description The module will examine the binary categories ‘modern’/‘traditional’ (and/or the ‘primitive’) as they appear in modernising societies. First, we look at representative literature from (what was until recently known as) Great Britain. The question is: why did the world’s homeland of the Industrial Revolution have a fascination with adventure, feats of derring-do and the primitive? We look at a young reader’s Victorian adventure novel, the long-enduring The Coral Island, and the later short stories of Rudyard Kipling (the ‘Bard’ of Empire), and examine the (contradictory?) lure of the primitive, even as British modernity is taken for granted. Second, the module will proceed to examine some major Chinese and Japanese writers and intellectuals (and an Indian poet and critics, the Nobel Prize-winning Rabindranath Tagore) and see how northeast Asian culture was broadly affected by their sense of Western modern superiority in technology, political organisation and literary (and other forms of creative) culture. Both China and Japan, the major countries in East-Southeast Asia, were never colonised, but they were intimidated by the presence of the Great Western Powers (and their colonies) in the region. Japan after the Meiji Restoration (1868) became the first modern Asian nation-state, and their attempts at intensive (and disruptive) modernisation of their culture had a profound impact on the whole region – and this desire to...
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...and the gradual coming of a noticeable American way of life. In this essay we are outlining chapter five-Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution 1700-1775 covering all aspects of the colonial society. Conquest by the cradle-The common distinguishing feature of all the colonies was lusty population growth (Kennedy & Cohen, n.d.). By 1775 the population increased to 2.5 million people. Thus, there was shift in the balance of power by 1775. A Mingling of the Races-Colonial America was like a melting pot. In 1775, Germans were 6%of the total population and most of them settled in Pennsylvania. Scots-Irish were 7% of the total population and about 5% of the multicolored population was of French Huguenots, Welsh, Dutch, Swedes, Jews, Irish, Swiss, and Scots Highlanders. By mid 1700s, 2/3 of the taxable wealth was owned by the richest of 10% of Bostonians and Philadelphians. The black slaves were the lowest class in society (Kennedy & Cohen, n.d.)....
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...Laura Niemi HIS-221 March 17, 2012 Erin Morris Timeline Part I Describe three different American Indian cultures prior to colonization.1200-1900C.E. The Anasazi occupied the Southwest which included Arizona, Colorado, Utah, and New Mexico. Their work consisted of basket making and stonework. The Iroquois was one of the largest tribes. They had different languages and traditions. The Algonkian lived in the Northeast. Their first encounters were with the Europeans. They existed with hunting and The effects of British colonization on the Native Americans. 1600’s One effect was when the Europeans brought unknown diseases. They brought alcohol, guns, and horses. By bringing these new changes it was a way to effectively change their ways. Guns changed their ways of hunting for food. Due to these changes, some of these groups moved which led them to having little or no food. The evolution of the socio-political milieu during the colonial period, including Protestant Christianity’s impact on colonial social life. 1600-1700’s Emergence of local governing bodies (The House of Burgesses in VA) Official churches by state (Maryland was Catholic; Southern colonies tended to be proprietary, they were Anglican. Northern colonies were established for religious freedom; Puritans in New England, Baptists in Rhode Island; Quakers in Pennsylvania) Minority Christian sects and Jews were targeted in places like New England and the South (Quakers in Virginia; Anne...
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...Timeline 1 1) Describe three different American Indian cultures prior to colonization. Pre-history to 1600s The Hopewell tribe was mound builders that were located in the Midwest and even today their mounds can be seen in the states where they resided, such as Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Wisconsin and more. They could be considered some of the first traders in the region as they had a very large trade route, with materials coming from across other portions of the United States and Canada. The climate was the reason for this tribe’s decline rather than the colonists that arrived to the New World. The Iroquois were located in what is now the state of New York. This was actually a group of tribes that were united under a league that had been established by a political alliance after tribal warring. Their system of government with chosen leaders called sachems is considered the model for which the American government is currently built upon. The Haidas was a tribe that was located in the Northwest Pacific Coast across the country far from where the colonists first landed. This tribe being so close to the ocean, centered more of tribal life around the waters. They were fishermen and artists. This is one of the tribes that created totem poles that many individuals associate with Native American culture today. 2) The effects of British colonization on the Native Americans. 1600’s The British colonization on the Native Americans had a...
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...The full title of the first edition of Malthus' essay was "An Essay on the Principle of Population, as it affects the Future Improvement of Society with remarks on the Speculations of Mr. Godwin, M. Condorcet, and Other Writers." The speculations and other writers are explained below. William Godwin had published his utopian work Enquiry concerning Political Justice in 1793, with later editions in 1796 and 1798. Also, Of Avarice and Profusion (1797). Malthus' remarks on Godwin's work spans chapters 10 through 15 (inclusive) out of nineteen. Godwin responded with Of Population (1820). The Marquis de Condorcet had published his utopian vision of social progress and the perfectibility of man Esquisse d'un Tableau Historique des Progres de l'Espirit Humain (The Future Progress of the Human Mind) in 1794. Malthus' remarks on Condorcet's work spans chapters 8 and 9. Malthus' essay was in response to these utopian visions, as he argued: "This natural inequality of the two powers, of population, and of production of the earth, and that great law of our nature which must constantly keep their effects equal, form the great difficulty that appears to me insurmountable in the way to the perfectibility of society." The "Other writers" included Robert Wallace, Adam Smith, Richard Price, and David Hume. Malthus himself claimed: "The only authors from whose writings I had deduced the principle, which formed the main argument of the Essay, were Hume, Wallace, Adam Smith, and Dr. Price ...
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...115 U.S. History to 1865 Week One: The Geographic Revolution CheckPoint: European Societal Changes Assignment: North American Civilization Paper Week Two: Settlement in the South and North Discussion Questions CheckPoint: Compare and Contrast Matrix Week Three: On the Road to American Independence CheckPoint: Great Britain and the Colonies Assignment: Seven Years’ War Paper Week Four: The American Revolution and a New Government Discussion Questions CheckPoint: The Confederation Government Table Week Five: Toward Nationalism CheckPoint: Hamilton’s Financial Program CheckPoint: War of 1812 Assignment: Western Expansion Presentation Week Six: Economic and Political Transformation Discussion Questions CheckPoint: The Bank War Week Seven: Social Structure and Transformation in the North and South CheckPoint: Class Structure and Slave Culture Assignment: Perfection Era Paper Week Eight: Expansionism, Sectional Conflict, and Civil War Discussion Questions CheckPoint: Civil War Matrix Week Nine: Civil War Impact on American Society Capstone CheckPoint Final Project: Historical Timeline and Essay HIS 115 Week 1 Assignment - North American Civilization Paper Assignment: North American Civilization Paper Resource: Ch. 1 Interactive exercise, Gutiérrez Map, at the textbook hyperlinked Web site at http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072970871/student_view0/chapter1/psi_source__gutierrez_map.html Due Date: Day 7 [post to...
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...Halimeh Salem 1130428 Laila Shikaki Short Essay Nov. 5 2015 Unity and the Cyclical nature of life Walt Whitman’s “Song of Myself” and Mahmoud Darwish’s “To My Mother” and “Rita and the Rifle” explore a sense of unity and cyclical nature of life. Death, life, immortality, unity and oneness are all inner themes of such poems. Mahmoud Darwish, a Palestinian poet, conveys these ideas through the representation of the strength of love whether between mother and son or between a couple. On the other hand, Walt Whitman, an American poet, illustrates these ideas in a different way. He explains them in a broader sense by portraying unity and cyclical nature of life through many things found in Earth and beyond. It is evident that these poems are clear...
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