...Earth from extreme temperatures; it keeps heat inside the atmosphere and it also blocks the Earth from much of the Sun's incoming ultraviolet radiation (NASA 1999). The Earth’s atmosphere is divided into four different layers , namely , the Troposphere , Stratosphere , Mesosphere and the Thermosphere, In this essay , I am going to explain , with the aid of a diagram the layered structure of the atmosphere, the different temperatures that occur and also the different processes that take place in all the layers. layered structure of atmosphere As you can see in this picture above, this is how the layers are positioned in the atmosphere, it starts with the Troposphere which is the bottom layer and the one closest to the Earth ,it is the most important layer because all life takes place here, the important gases which are essential for living are found only here , it has a height of 12km, almost all weather occurs in this layer, the air is warmer at bottom of the troposphere and as you go up it gets cooler until eventually it reaches a point of dryness because altitude varies with latitude All the different layers have boundaries that separate them, in the troposphere it is called the tropopause ,the tropopauses separates the troposphere from the stratosphere which is the layer above and it is where the temperature declines , this rate of decline is known the lapse rate. The tropopause is not a complete barrier, it leaks. Strongly convective tropospheric storms transport water...
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...Heating of the earth exterior and atmosphere and influences patterns of precipitation the sun heats the air at the equator causing it to expand and rise. This warm moist air cools as it rises. Since cool air holds less water vapor than warm air the water carried by the rising air mass condenses and forms clouds which produce the heavy rain fall associated with the tropical environment. Eventually this equatorial air mass ceases to rise and spreads north and south. The high altitude air is dry since the moisture it once held fell as a tropical rain fall. When the air mass flows north and south it cools which increases its density. It sinks back to the earth’s surface at about 30 latitude and spreads north and south. The air draws moisture from the lands over which it flows and creates deserts in the process. Temperature is plotted on the left vertical axis and precipitation on the right vertical axis. Temperature and precipitation are potted on different scales so 10 C is equivalent to 20 mm of precipitation. Climate diagrams for wet areas such as tropical rain forest compress the precipitation scale for precipitation above 100mm so that 10C is equivalent to 200mm of precipitation. This will change in scale rainfall data from very wet climates can be fit on a graph of convenient size. The temperature and precipitation scales are constructed so that 10C equals 20mm of... The circulation of air over the earth is largely due to the unequal heating of the surface. The global...
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...toxic when increase releases cause it to rise about its natural concentrations. The increase levels of carbon dioxide is a major contributor to the greenhouse effect. The sources of primary pollutants are called mobile sources these include trucks and cars. Other sources of pollutants are known as stationary or industry which includes industrial sites or power plants, etc. The most prevelant gases in the earth’s atmosphere are nitrogen and oxygen. Nitrogen is at 78% and carbon dioxide at 0.04%. When a source of energy, such as fuel combustion, yields increased temperatures, nitrogen oxide gases produce chemical connections between oxygen and nitrogen. The four layers in our atmosphere are thermosphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and troposphere. Greenhouse gases are created from...
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...Geography 101 University of Mississippi FAll 2010 Final exam: essay questions Please prepare a typed answer to each of the two essay questions below. Your answers are due in class on the day of the scheduled final exam. Each essay question is worth 30 points on the exam (total of 60 points). Answers for EACH question should be at least 500 to 750 words (2-3 pages). NOTE: you may not use the same example for different essay questions. Please be diverse in the examples that you use to illustrate your answers. Be sure that you address ALL parts of each question. Format Each answer should be in the form of a typed, double-spaced document (12-point Times/Times Roman font) with margins no greater than 1 inch. Please include a title page (one for both answers is fine) and a complete and proper list of the sources (bibliography or references cited) that you used on a separate page. You should also include in-text citations for these sources as appropriate (any recognized academic format, such as MLA, is acceptable; for examples of MLA citation and bibliography formatting see http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/557/01/). Indicate the source of specific data in the body of your answer where appropriate. Please do not repeat the questions in your answer. Please do your own work. Copying from another student’s work (past or present) or any other form of academic fraud will result in failure in the course and additional...
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...also have a bad side effect on humanity. Global warming starts out with gases which is called greenhouse gases emitted by everyday objects and big things too. After that, the gases then go up to the atmosphere where it stays there. This starts the greenhouse effect where the atmosphere is thick with greenhouse emissions, this forces heat to stay underneath it. Some of the big effects under climate change are the weather and how it gets changed. The effects of it on the economy and social groups are pretty big. It is known to change changes the amount of food and water we get. It has affected us in the past. It can kill lives as well save lives with its good affects. Even though we have some good effects we will pay a bigger toll. This essay also talks about methods to prevent climate change. Weather effects: Global warming is known to increase temperatures which can cause more severe hurricanes throughout most places. It causes more floods due to more melting ice. As the sea water levels rise due to melting ice and increased rain, it can act harsher towards people who live near coastlines. Droughts can be also caused due to lack of precipitation and too much heat. Thus threatening the chances of being in a safe environment to call home. It is predicted for...
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...Environmental Pollution Environmental pollution is one of the biggest problems the world faces today. It is an issue that troubles us economically, physically and everyday of our lives. The contamination of the environment is also being linked to some of the diseases that are around currently. Yet, most people do not know about this problem. This shows that environmental pollution is becoming an increasingly worse problem that needs to be taken care of as soon as possible, not only for the good of the environment but also for the people that live in it. Many factors are present for why environmental pollution has become such a large issue in the world. However, if the people of the world were to address the issue it would definitely help both the environment and it’s people. There are many activities that can be done by both the common citizen to the governments of the world, which could severally improve the world’s environmental problem. On the other hand, if the current way the world’s environmental problem is being handled continues, catastrophic consequences can follow for the future population. http://www.exampleessays.com/viewpaper/12389.html Nowadays environmental problems are too big to be managed by individual persons or individual countries. In other words, it is an international problem. To what extent do you agree or disagree? An essential problem of the 21st century is world pollution. Currently the environment is so much contaminated that urgent measures...
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...An integrated approach or understanding of earth including the oceans is vital if we have to effectively and sustainably manage earth’s energy, water, mineral, soil and coastal resources for our future generations. A stand-alone view of various phenomena will not serve any purpose as any independent model is unable to sustain the variability of the complexities involved in the earth and ocean sciences, which are gradually converging. It has therefore become imperative to understand the interdependence and coupling of geological sciences and oceanography. The combined approach to earth and ocean sciences is also the key to predicting and managing natural disasters or hazards like earthquakes, cyclones, floods, tsunami, etc. In this context, in a significant development in India, a Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) was formed in July 2006 by restructuring the former Ministry of Ocean Development. The MoES deals with matters relating to meteorology, seismology, climate and environmental science and related earth sciences including ocean science and technology. It facilitates an integrated view of earth systems viz., ocean, atmosphere and land to provide best possible services in respect of ocean resources, ocean state, monsoon, cyclone, earthquake, tsunami, climate change, etc. The MoES oversees research in earth system sciences, forecast monsoons and other climate parameters, ocean state, earthquakes, tsunamis and earth science phenomena. The ministry also supports industry...
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...a population of just over 300,000, it is the most sparsely populated country in Europe, with its people inhabiting a total land area of 103,000 square kilometers. To put that into perspective, the Netherlands is about two and a half times the area (nationsonline.org, 2015), but has nearly 60 times the population at nearly 17 million inhabitants (Countrymeters.info, 2015). This is despite the fact that the cultural history of the country can be dated back to about 800AD, and settlement occurred from 870-930AD. However, the true history of Iceland goes much beyond than that. Iceland has a rich geologic history that dates back thousands, if not millions of years, that makes it one of the most fascinating countries in the world. In this essay, we will explore the origins of Iceland from its formation to its current size, some of the unique features that Iceland has that most countries do not have, as well as a few significant geologic events in Iceland that have shaped Icelandic and even global events. Formation of Iceland Diagram 1 from classroomatsea.net Diagram 1 shows a general idea of how Iceland was formed. Iceland is situated in the centre of the Eurasian and the North American plate. The two plates move away from each other due to the magma undercurrents, due to the convection effect from the earth’s core. This divergent plate movement effectively opens up a fissure for a magma plume to escape from the earth’s mantle to fill the space between the plates. The magma...
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...EXOPLANET ATMOSPHERES Year 3 Term 2 Essay Project for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Physics with Theoretical Physics Ho Yin Desmond YUEN Department of Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom Submitted Version: Summer Term, 4th May 2015 ABSTRACT The objective in studying exoplanet atmospheres is to understand their atmospheric composition and properties, thus, to deduce the planets’ habitability. Favoured by their close proximity, studying the atmospheres within our own Solar System and seeking for resemblance is a fundamental first step before we proceed off to extra-solar systems. While the ultimate goal of detecting a true Earth twin is some time off, we are busy trying to understand the atmospheres of hot Jupiters and hot Neptunes through observing primary and secondary transits of these exoplanets. During the past decade, conflicting observations between ground- and space-based facilities, different methods of data treatment, and resolving limitations of measuring instruments have been a source of debate in the astronomy community. Controversies over the atmospheres of two of the most extensively studied exoplanets, HD 189733b and GJ 436b, are discussed here. Through a series of investigation and evaluation, the hot Jupiter, HD 189733b, is believed to possess a carbon-monoxide-rich atmosphere with a sodium-abundant troposphere, topped with high-altitude haze. The hot Neptune...
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...IMPLEMENTATION OF MTB-MLE: A TEACHER’S OUTLOOK WILROSE SWEET S. BERIOSO GRAZEL ANNE B. DELOS SANTOS GEORGELYN M. TAMPARONG March 2015 IMPLEMENTATION OF MTB-MLE: A TEACHER’S OUTLOOK ------------------------------------------------- A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of the College Of Arts and Sciences- La Salle University, Ozamiz City ------------------------------------------------- In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of EN12104 Writing in the Discipline ------------------------------------------------- WILROSE SWEET S. BERIOSO GRAZEL ANNE DELOS B. SANTOS GEORGELYN M. TAMPARONG March 2015 ACKNOWLEDGMENT The preparation of this term paper is a group effort and a time consuming endeavor. As such, the researchers want to express their sincere thanks and heartfelt gratitude to the following persons who in one way or another exerted effort, offered full assistance, encouragement and inspiration in making this study a success. To Ms. Marylene Tizon, their instructor who served as the consultant and adviser, for sharing her time, valuable knowledge, expertise and for her helpful advice in the completion of this project. To their beloved parents for their undying moral and financial support. To their friends, classmates and board mates for the comfort whenever they are weary, as well as for the motivations and suggestions. Above all, the researchers are indeed very thankful to the Almighty God for His never ending wisdom...
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...Ateneo de Naga University High School Grade 7 Science: Third Term Unit and Syllabus Lesson Plans (Regular Program) School Year 2013-2014 Teacher: VINCENT EDUARD A. STA.C LARA LG 7414 Unit V. EARTH AND SPACE 36 sessions | D E S I R E D R E S U L T S | ESTABLISHED GOALS 1. Demonstrate understanding of the physical features of the Philippine archipelago and its natural resources, including the ways by which these resources are conserved and protected.2. Demonstrate understanding of the different phenomena that occur in the atmosphere and how they affect human activities.3. Demonstrate understanding on the occurrences of eclipses.4. Demonstrate understanding of the relationships of the seasons and the position of the sun in the sky.• C1.2 Desire to improve themselves, to continually gain a deeper understanding of who theyare, and to become more authentically free and decisive in their actions• C1.6 Develop the perspectives over central ideas, methodologies, and conceptual geographies of the variety of intellectual disciplines • C1.7 Seek meaningful application of knowledge and skills to life situation• C1.10 Grow in awareness of the global nature of many social problems and relates them to the current issues and historical antecedents• C2.1 Acknowledge that there are universal values which qualify a truly human life• C2.2 Accept their weaknesses and strengths with genuine humility• C2.6 Respect respectable law and...
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...Environmental Studies For Undergraduate Courses Erach Bharucha Textbook for Environmental Studies For Undergraduate Courses of all Branches of Higher Education Erach Bharucha for University Grants Commission Natural Resources i Preliminary Pages.p65 1 4/9/2004, 5:06 PM Credits Principal author and editor – Erach Bharucha Unit 1 – Erach Bharucha Unit 2 – Erach Bharucha, Behafrid Patel Unit 3 – Erach Bharucha Unit 4 – Erach Bharucha Unit 5 – Shamita Kumar Unit 6 – Erach Bharucha, Shalini Nair, Behafrid Patel Unit 7 – Erach Bharucha, Shalini Nair, Behafrid Patel Unit 8 – Erach Bharucha, Shambhvi Joshi Case Studies – Prasanna Kolte Co-ordination and compilation – Behafrid Patel Textbook Design – Narendra Kulkarni (Mudra), Sushma Durve Manuscript review and editing – Chinmaya Dunster, Behafrid Patel Artists – Sushma Durve and Anagha Deshpande CD ROM – Jaya Rai and Prasanna Kolte © Copyright Text – Erach Bharucha/ UGC, 2004. Photographs – Erach Bharucha Drawings – Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Environment Education and Research All rights reserved. Distributed by University Grants Commission, New Delhi. 2004. ii Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Courses Preliminary Pages.p65 2 4/9/2004, 5:06 PM Vision The importance of Environmental Studies cannot be disputed. The need for sustainable development is a key to the future of mankind. The degradation of our environment is linked to continuing problems of pollution, loss...
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...Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation WMO-No. 8 Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation WMO-No. 8 Seventh edition 2008 WMO-No. 8 © World Meteorological Organization, 2008 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate this publication in part or in whole should be addressed to: Chairperson, Publications Board World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix P.O. Box No. 2300 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland ISBN 978-92-63-10008-5 NOTE The designations employed in WMO publications and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of WMO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Opinions expressed in WMO publications are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of WMO. The mention of specific companies or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WMO in preference to others of a similar nature which are not mentioned or advertised. Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 84 03 Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 80 40 E-mail: publications@wmo...
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...GLENCOE LANGUAGE ARTS Grammar and Language Workbook G RADE 9 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Send all inquiries to: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 936 Eastwind Drive Westerville, Ohio 43081 ISBN 0-02-818294-4 Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 024 03 02 01 00 99 Contents Handbook of Definitions and Rules .........................1 Troubleshooter ........................................................21 Part 1 Grammar ......................................................45 Unit 1 Parts of Speech 1.1 Nouns: Singular, Plural, and Collective ....47 1.2 Nouns: Proper and Common; Concrete and Abstract.................................49 1.3 Pronouns: Personal and Possessive; Reflexive and Intensive...............................51 1.4 Pronouns: Interrogative and Relative; Demonstrative and Indefinite .....................53 1.5 Verbs: Action (Transitive/Intransitive) ......55 1.6 Verbs: Linking .............................................57 1.7 Verb Phrases ................................................59 1.8 Adjectives ....................................................61 1.9 Adverbs........................................................63 1.10 Prepositions...
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...Page No. 2 Index Swachh Bharat Mission FEB & MARCH, 2015 AUGUST, 2012 Page No. 4 Insurance Sector In India Page No. 5 Bharat Ratna Award Designed by: Chandan Kumar “Raja” For Advertisement Contact at : 9958790414 Join us at Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/iasexamportal Follow us at Twitter: https://twitter.com/iasexamportal CURRENT AFFAIRS National Issues International Issues India & the World Economy Science and Technology Sports Awards & Prizes In The News 6 14 20 23 39 51 58 64 Disclaimer: Editor and Publisher are not responsible for any view, data, figure etc. expressed in the articles by the author(s). Maps are notational . All Disputes are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of competent courts and fourms in Delhi/New Delhi only. Selected Articles from Various Newspapers & Journals Page No. 67 91 Cyberspace Page No. 93 Regional Rural Banks The Mauryan Empire Model Paper G.S. Paper I 94 117 Join Online Coaching For IAS Pre & Mains Exams http://iasexamportal.com/civilservices/courses Project Mausam and Maritime Silk Route SWACHH BHARAT MISSION Throughout the world around 2.5 billion people do not have toilets to use, out of those 250 crore people 65 crore live in India alone. In order to solve this big challenge government of India has launched “Swachh Bharat Mission” on the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi and former Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri...
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