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3. Billedmedier og virkelighed

Nutidens billedetid, har ændret sig fra sort/hvid til kamera, mobiltelefoner, fladskærme og meget mere. Vi kender alle til billeder og vil måske gerne fange et øjeblik der betyder noget for os. Et billede fanger det øjeblik man ønsker og man har det gemt for altid. Jeg sidder og tænker på, hvor utroligt det er, med det nye billede teknologi. Et øjeblik fanger man og kan tage det frem senere og kigge på ”dengang”, er det ikke utroligt? For at medierne kan vise nyheder, så har de brug for mange kilder, men kilderne skal også være troværdige: ”for billeder lyver måske ikke, men det gør afsenderen af og til”. Men kan man så slet ikke stole på medierne? Et billede siger mere end tusinde ord, men måske er det svært, at have et bestemt synspunkt på et billede. Alle ser forskelligt på billeder. Men hvad er det der gør, at man enten kan eller ikke kan stole på medier og bruger de nogle virkemidler til at hjælpe? I mediernes verden er der begrænsninger og muligheder for at iscenesætte virkeligheden, men man skal finde en ligevej.

Tv-avisen er et ansigt ud til og viser os hvad der foregår ude i verden. I teksten ”Et billede lyver ikke, men gør fotografen?” bliver vi taget ind i, hvordan billeder påvirker os, og hvordan de fortæller om øjeblikke, men også om en afsender af en kilde, kan være troværdig! Tv-avisen har fået mange troværdige kilder, men er også blevet taget ved næsen. En korrespondent havde overbevidst en Tv-vært om, at hans kilder og billeder var troværdige og Tv-værtinden lagde hele Tv-avisens troværdighed bag hendes ord. Billederne var falske, det vidste en seer. Tv-avisen følte sig nøgne og det de havde gjort var ikke deres bedste. En tv-vært er ansigtet ud til og man stoler på dem, selvom man måske godt ved, at ikke alt er til at blive stolet på, da det kan blive overdrevet nogle gange. ”For i dagens tv-virkelighed er den alvidende studievært selve nyhedsudsendelsens krumtap og garant for ægtheden og sandheden”. Dette siger da lidt om, at Tv-avisen gerne vil være troværdig. Tv-avisen kan også dumme sig, men hvor meget skal man så tro på og hvor mange gange skal der til, før at folk siger stop, hvis de overhovedet siger stop?

Billedmediers iscenesættelse af virkeligheden, kan både have muligheder og begrænsninger. Man hører jo hele tiden ude i verden, at der nu igen er kaos, krig, had og folk der dør. Der bliver sat en begrænsning fra mediernes side af, når de skal skrive om hvad der er sket. Hvis folk er døde på grund af en bombe, kan medierne ikke omskrive, at folk er døde af noget andet end hvad dødsårsagen egentligt var. Man kan ikke altid begrænse sig, men alligevel skal der jo være begrænsninger, så verden ikke styrter ned i grus. Det er måske også helt i orden, at når medierne ikke begrænser sig og at vi som folk siger stop, når medierne går helt ind i kødet og ødelægger noget privat, eller skriver om noget der ikke er sket eller omskriver begivenheder. Jeg syntes at det er i orden, at man fortæller om hvad der sker ude i den store hvide verden, men man vil også bare gerne vide sandheden. Ingen gider at hører på noget løgn og latin og hvorfor skal man stole på nogen der lyver? Man er selv en del af denne verden og det er man alle fælles om. Men medierne kan blive sat i et dårligt lys, hvis de fortæller noget, og det så viser sig at være opdigtet. Men alligevel, vil man gerne hører hvad der sker udenfor ens eget land, for sådan er vi jo som mennesker, vi er nysgerrige! Men lige så vel, som man skal have begrænsninger, så man skal også kunne se muligheder i nogle begivenheder. Hvis man ikke kan se muligheder, så er det også svært at finde nye veje at gå. Muligheder hjælper folk på vej og giver dem chancer for at vælge og gøre noget lettere for dem selv og for andre. Medierne giver forskellige muligheder til folket, de har forskellige nyheder og de har lidt til alle og en hver. Medierne giver også folk mulighed for, at hører hvad der sker ude i verden, når vi ikke selv ved hvad der nu er på færre. Vi er afhængige af medierne og deres muligheder!

Men for at finde ud af om medierne taler sandt, er der er nogle begreber, som fakta og fiktion man kan bruge. Der er forskel på fakta og fiktion og disse to begreber, bliver tit brugt i forbindelse med medier. Fakta bliver brugt om det virkelige liv og fiktion kan være en dramaets scene. Tv-dokumentaren tager udgangspunkt i virkeligheden og gengiver den. Der er mange ting der spiller sammen som; indhold, udtryk og form. Dette kendetegner det autentiske, altså noget virkeligt, som personer og miljø. Det er en sand historie, og der er ingen tilbageholdelse af viden. Der er altid en kronologisk opbygning, med indledning, analyse, konklusion osv. Når man laver film er der ingen bevidst tilrettelagt brug af filmiske virkemidler og der er ingen subjektivisering, altså ens egen mening kommer ikke med. Disse fakta koder dominerer udsendelser. Og hvis man kan sige det, så er det mere reglen end undtagelsen, at fakta koder blandes med fiktionskoder. Man er begyndt at holde seerne fast med spænding, identifikation og empati, som man gør i fiktionsfilm. Ikke alle kender til fakta og fiktion og det er noget man bliver nødt til at lærer, hvis man gerne vil kende forskel på virkelighed og løgn. Men det er også meget svært, at kende forskel på fakta og fiktion, da de blandes sammen og endda låner af hinanden. Man kan sige, at det er fakta koder, der vil være i en observerende dokumentar. En observerende dokumentar er en skildring på hverdagslivet, men på en enkelt måde. Man har fokus på nogle få bestemte personer og miljøer. Man kan sige at det er en slags ydre synsvinkel.

Man kan tage udgangspunkt i filmen ”Armadillo”, som handler om danske soldater, der tager til Afghanistan og skal i krig og beskytte nogle indfødte i Afghanistan. Dette der er blevet filmet, virker meget livligt og virkeligt. Engang i mellem bliver der filmet med et håndholdt kamera, der gør at seerne føler med soldaterne og lever sig ind i denne film. Det bliver til kaos, at skulle prøve at leve sig ind i noget så skrækjagende. Medierne får det opstillet sådan, at det virker til at soldaterne har lavet deres arbejde dårlig og ikke har hjulpet de indfødte, som de skulle, men i stedet leget og fjollet rundt, hyggede sig sammen med drengene og gjort grin af de døde fjender. Soldaterne har det meget hårdt, men de bliver fremstillet på en anden måde end hvad der virkelig sker. Medierne har også sat nogle scener ind i denne film, som ikke var sket som medierne fortalte. Som en afskedsfest, hvor de havde hyret luder til soldaterne, men dette var ikke sket i deres afskedsfest, men på et andet tidspunkt. Filmen ligger meget mellem fakta eller fiktion. Det er selve klipningen i film og billeder, hvor der er størst mulighed for, at manipulerer med folk. Så der er der gode muligheder for medierne. Når man lytter til musikken i filmen ”Armadillo”, bliver der brugt meget asynkron lyd, som er underlægningsmusik, altså musik der ikke passer med selve billedet, men er blevet sat ind. Det giver en effekt på os som der ser denne film, men underlægningsmusikken effekten giver fiktion. Der er sørgeligt musik det meste af tiden, selvom at man ser soldaterne smile og det virker symbolsk, at der er noget mere i dette øjeblik end man bare lige ser på soldaterne. Man kan også hører den sørgelige musik, efter soldaterne er vendt hjem fra den lange rejse med krig og had. Og der under hører der fiktion og fakta ind under, men man skal tolke for at forstå.

Medierne skaber altså scener, hvor man ser noget, men man skal tolke og forstå hvad der egentligt lægger under sådan en scene. Fakta og fiktion er en del af medierne og det vil den altid være. Man skal bare finde den vej, hvor man selv kan finde ud af om scener, klip, film og andet er virkeligt eller opdigtet. Vi som et folk har brug for medierne, deres reklamer, tv-avisen, osv. Uden dette ville vi være indelukket, vi ville ikke kunne finde ud af hvad der sker derude i verden, vi ville ikke vide hvad der er af nyt. Medierne er verdensomspændende og ikke ret mange ville kunne leve uden fakta og eller fiktion! Så vi har vel brug for billeder, for at se øjeblikke, tv-avis osv. For at holde os opdateret? Men som man siger, et billede siger mere end tusinde ord, skal folk så ikke selv kunne bestemme hvad de tror og ser på? Medierne kan hjælpe os på vej, men vi har vores egen vilje og kan selv tage stilling til begrænsninger og muligheder. Alle kan lave fejl, det er menneskeligt at fejle og ingen behøver at blive dømt på fejl alle kan lave!

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