Free Essay

Essay

In:

Submitted By anyautenkova
Words 393
Pages 2
题目(中) 德鲁克《公司的概念》读书报告 (英) 姓名与学号 莉雅 3140300314 指导老师 周洁红 年级与专业 大一 ,旅游管理 所在学院 管理学院

第一章. 一国范围内的资本主义 1. 自由企业体制 1.背景: 战后世界和平与近代西方世界的和平不同,它不再取决于各国的政治、社会、经济信仰和制度能否超越过节走向统一,转而取决于政治、经济体制大相径庭的国家之间是否愿意并且有能力和平共处。 2.作用: 既能为增强国力和增进国内统一奠定基础,又能为其他国家树立榜样;是美国为促进世界和平作出的最重要、最直接的贡献。
3.含义: 不排斥政府对企业的监管或限制,但认为政府的功能在于为企业设立运行的体制;
不排斥政府的管理类或拥有自然垄断的行业或专为国家生产产品的企业,如军工厂。
4.假设:
消费者决定他们需要购买的产品,市场供求而非政治因素决定价格 公司由私人拥有,实行独立管理,以盈利为生产目的,并在竞争的市场中出售其产品。
个人感想:一定的经济模式的存在一定有其存在的合理性。一切的分析应该从当时的实际出发,结合背景,具体看待。
2. 大型公司
生存是每一个社会的第一法则。
决定社会结构的不是大多数人,而是它的领导人。社会的典型行为也不是大多数人的行为,而是最接近社会理想的行为;就定义 而言,最接近社会理想的行为只可能是极少数人的行为。 1. 大型公司的意义: 大企业在自由企业经济体制下的具体组织形式——才是具有代表性和决定性的社会经济机构,它为人们树立了典范,决定了他们的行为。 2. 社会特征: 大企业的组织形式 大规模生产的技术 大型公司在各大程度上实现了我们的社会信仰和希望
个人感想:一些有巨大贡献或发挥更大的作用的决策,并不一定一开始时就收人欢迎,或许只有得到少数群众的支持。但是我们不能否定它,甚至我们应该尊敬那一些敢于提出新观念新思想的人,因为有了他们,社会才会不停地进步、前行。
3.从政治角度分析公司:
1.前提:
机构是一个独立的主题——受自身结构规律和生存愿望的制约,分析时,必须以机构服务的社会的信仰和承诺为标准,从社会功能对它的要求出发。
2.关于机构的社会和政治分析,从一下三个方面展开:
(1) 政策问题(机构对其行为和运行必须拥有长期的计划和规划,但它的政策 有事林火多变的,需要一个客观判断标准)
(2) 在社会信仰和承诺的广阔背景下着重讨论内部问题
(3) 论述公司目标和社会功能的关系 总结:三个层面相辅相成,各自独立又相互依赖 以大型公司为代表性机构的工业社会中,公司的组织形式必须使它能够作为一个机构而运作和生存,使社会能干哦于时间其基本承诺和信仰,使社会正常运作和生存。
3.和谐:
公司的组织形式必须能够使它在寻求自身利益最大化的过程中自发履行义务,这样,建立在公司基础上的工业社会才有可能正常运作。
对和谐的重视使放任注意充满了活力和魅力,以和谐为准则进行自我评价。但同时,放任注意把和谐是为自然结果,而非有组织社会的产物这一点是错误的。
个人感想:和谐始终是一个社会想要长远发展的一个永恒主题。而公司作为社会的一类组成部分,有必要注重和承担起社会责任,有其社会道德信仰,促成社会的和谐发展。当然,这也是公司具有的无形的资产。
第二章. 人的组织
1. 生产的组织
(1) 公司的首要原则: 以组织的形态维持生存;
(2)评价公司绩效的首要标准:
其实现目标和生产产品以获得最大收益的能力。当公司作为一种机构是,公司与其他所有机构一样,是组织人们为共同目标而奋斗的一种手段(是共同目标,而不是联合目标)
(3)公司的本质:
是一种社会组织,即人文组织。现代生产的基础是社会组织。人文组织是任何组织不可或缺的,它是工业区别于工场手工业的重要特征,同时也是现代工业,尤其是大规模生产行业的基础和意义所在。
大规模生产的基础是人与人之间、人与机械公益之间自觉的、有意识的、有计划的和有序的关系。公司中真正重要的不是个别成员,而是各个成员之间的管辖和责任关系。
(4) 公司的生存和正常运作取决于它是否能处理好以下三个相互依存的问题:
1. 领导问题:
1需要一个章程,包括合理的规章制度,合理、半自动的继位顺序;
2激发机构成员的忠诚感、团队精神;机构用人扬长避短;提升成员的知识素养和道德品质,激励员工自觉遵守一定的行为准则
3机构的组织形式必须有利于挖掘内部人才
4机构的生存和正常运作要求它能够在最高领导人之下培养一匹能独当一面的领导者
5领导问题要求组织能在正手和副手,核心领导层和外围执行人员之间均衡的分配权力和职责。
大公司必须克服的四个内在问题:
1大公司容易想个人独裁的方向发展。 对策:公司必须自设类似的领导岗位,以便考核领导者的领导能力,培养他们的大局观
2大型公司向来有抑制创新,提倡服从的倾向。 对策:首先必须让每个管理者明白,培养下属是他们的职责所在;还有,把他们的下属和潜在接班人视为一种人力资源,有利于他们自身的利益
3大公司只能依靠个人的主观印象评估员工的能力和表现。 对策:寻找评估底层管理者能力和表现的客观标准,设法让他们在较低的职位上独当一面
4无法自动达成专业人才和通才之间的平衡,而通才正是领导艺术的精华所在 对策:边运作边培训
2. 政策问题:
1如何在坚持政策和之影变化之间寻求平衡?
对策:首先要找到一种方法,区分经济形势的变化和情况的暂时变化,经济形势的变化是根本变化,公司必须根据它来调整政策。 其次公司还需要一种能够分辨表面利润和实际利润的方法 2遵守会计制度和组织原则是必要的,但是会引发官僚主义作风 对策:只有依靠政策和政策制定者,才能解决以上问题。
3. 标准问题:
市场业绩无法对公司的效率和实力做出最直接、可靠的评价,所以公司需要一个能消除外部波动的判断标准,以便客观公正的评价管理人员的表现。
2. 分权
通过对美国通用汽车公司的案例,我们可以认识到:其将分权的概念发展成为一套工业管理的理论和地方自治的体系,分权不仅是一种管理手段,更是对社会秩序的概括。公司制订政策的理由,不管他们与核心管理层有多大程度的不同意见。
分权制度的优点:

1提高决策速度,消除困惑,是相关人员明白决策的负责人和政策依据;
2避免各个分布与总部的利益冲突
3公平对待管理人员
4管理民主,不拘小节
5消除“少数特权分子”与“绝大多数”管理人员之间的区别
6管理队伍庞大
7分权制度意味着碌碌无为的分部管理者不能再依靠其他分部的成功或昔日的辉煌而蒙混度日
8 意味着“指令式管理”下人人按命令行事,却不知其所以然的情况不复存在
核心管理层和分部管理层:
公司内部不存在“通用汽车氛围”,也没有形成“通用汽车风格”。相反,不同分部的风格各异,分部经理的性格和背景千差万别。对此,核心管理层不但允许,而且还极大地鼓励。核心管理层只是负责为分部布置任务,而尽可能不去规定分部应该如何去做。分部经理只要表现良好,就不会受干涉。但是他们必须清楚自己在团队中的位置。 得益于:
1.建立一套客观的评价体系,以分部经理对团队的贡献为依据判断他们的表现; 2.相互间交流信息和个人意见,使分部经理及时了解自己在团队中所处的位置和团队的工作情况。
双向流动:
权利划分,职责分工,统一行动
通用汽车的第一个管理要求是:使尽可能多的管理人员理解公司及其分部的政策,问题和规划。信息和决策必须始终保持双向流动:从核心管理层流向分部,以及从分部流向核心管理层。
管理人员提出批评意见后不仅不会招致惩罚,而且还会受到鼓励,因为这表明他们工作积极,关心企业。他们的意见也总能得到认真地对待。核心管理层始终坚持遵循一个原则:如其用命令压人,不如耐心劝导,以理服人。
3. 运行机制
无论一种制度有多完美,也无法预见将来可能发生的问题,并事先制定出解决办法。作为组织,他们不可能尽善尽美,因此他们必须能够在不完美的情况下运作。他们还必须兼顾人与人之间的性格、能力和生活节奏的巨大差异。30%有效的组织体制,其实比号称100%有效的体制更有效更强大。
事实上,分权管理机制必须吸纳一小部分不重视分权原则,甚至偏向专制的管理人员。因为任何一个机构迟早都会面临事实分析和政策无法解决的问题,对此他们既不能达成共识,也无先例可循。除非有人快刀斩乱麻,否则以合理性为由从长计议,组织将无法做出任何决定。 第三章. 社会机构
一切社会的力量、凝聚力乃至最终的生存都取决于它能否实现它的基本承诺和信仰,能否在它的成员眼中成为一个有意义、有理想的社会。
一个社会的典范行为,是社会期望的理想行为,是少数人(模范)的行为,而非大多数人的行为。对任何公司、组织也是如此。
作为代表性的组织,要看他是否促进了社会的道德信仰和价值观的实现,从而增加了公民对社会的忠诚。若是社会的核心机构,则尤为明显。仅仅符合社会的道德标准,还不足以社会的代表性机构。代表性机构的运行必须保证实现社会承诺和社会信仰。正是因为这一保证,它才能成为代表性机构。要增强公司的实力,提高公司的效率,就必须保证实现社会的基本信仰和承诺。
我们的基本信仰和承诺是否具有生命力,我们的社会是否具有生存的意义,取决于大型公司在工业社会中实现这些信仰的能力。
第四章. 工业社会的经济政策 1. 庞大的咒语
公司是社会的工具和器官。
一个是公司运行术语中对高效率的要求,一个是社会的运转、稳定和繁荣的术语对效率的要求,他们是相互冲突还是相互协调?只有当两方面的要求能在同一经济政策下得到满足,自由企业社会的运行才能得以继续。
(1) 社会利害关系
一个明确、合理的政策可以把社会利益同公司的自身利益协调起来; 衡量公司决策、行动成败与否的客观标准对社会的影响,甚至比对公司本身更直接
(2) 垄断
垄断地位被视为维系公司生存的最佳保证。但是垄断是反社会的,其目的是以社会利益为代价去满足垄断者的利益,使垄断者能够以更高的价格生产数量更少的商品。
(3) 庞大
“庞大”的优势:不仅体现在生产效率,还拥有巨大的社会优势。它不仅使大公司降低成本,提高效率,而且有利于社会稳定;另一方面,它能使商业企业拥有自己的政策和决策机构,从而使关键的决策职能可以远离日常琐碎事务的困扰,从长远考虑问题,并兼顾组织和社会的关系 就其自身而言,庞大适应了现代技术条件下经济有效运行的要求,在它和社会稳定与运作的要求之间并不存在任何冲突
2. 生产
利润:除了是预防风险的一笔保险金之外,还是新的资本设备的唯一来源,没有它,经济的扩展就无从谈起。
盈利性:是社会行为的客观原则,也是经济行为的客观标准。 盈利动机:是个体动因的主观原则
权力欲可能会横行于世;而自由企业社会的盈利动机还包含了强有力的防范措施,以抵御人类尊严在政治上最危险的后果,即噬权的暴政

(1)市场:
这种社会整体性赖以生存的基础是社会拥有的统一的价值体系和评价标准,可以用来衡量和比较每一个人的不同贡献。每个社会都需要统一和对经济行为的控制。市场通过定价机制,即通过确定合理的经济价值,并以此作为经济生活的组织原则
市场体系不能满足群体的需要,因为它致力于满足个人的需求 (2)社会需求:
一个社会的经济资源的有效利用是这个社会及其成员存货的前提条件
(3)个人需求:
只有在个人的经济需求和决策具有社会有效性并对社会经济其决定作用时,即建立在市场上的决定的时候,这样一个社会才能成为自由社会。 公民的个人利益与社会利益之间的关系是自由社会的最根本的问题 市场并非一个完美的机制,也并非一个面面俱到的机智,但在它的能力范围内,它在社会利益方面起到了作用。
3.(充分就业)自由企业社会中的经济政策:
一项适用于自由企业社会的经济政策:
(1) 必须有一项能发挥作用的充分就业政策; (2) 在某些领域有明显的决定
(3) 应当在经济理性的基础上进行组织,即按照市场价格来组织 (4) 防止出现垄断,符合自由企业本身的利益
(5) 以保护人力资本和人为的经济财富作为经济政策的中心

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Essay

...1 Overview of How to Write an Essay Writing essays is a major element of your education at the university level. Effective writing gives you the ability to express your ideas, theories, arguments, and projects clearly. The skills you acquire at the university level through writing essays will be aimed at practical business applications that you will be able to use in the workplace. The following information provides a succinct overview of the elements you need to know to begin writing an essay. It will help you on your writing journey. Types of Essays Narrative A narrative essay is a story told by a narrator. Generally, a narrative discusses the personal experience of the author (the first person point of view), but it can also be written about things that happen to others (third person point of view). A narrative typically involves characters, a setting, specific and vivid details, and a series of events that can include current incidents, flashbacks, or dialogue. Cause and Effect A cause and effect essay explores why events, actions, or conditions occur (cause) and examines the results of those events, actions, or conditions (effect). For example, a cause could be purchasing a new expensive home. The effect might be fewer family vacations, more time spent on upkeep, or less time with family because of extra work hours to pay for the home. Comparison and Contrast A comparison and contrast essay shows the relationship between two or more elements. The items can be compared...

Words: 6215 - Pages: 25

Premium Essay

Essay

...How to determine custom essay editing company that is legitimate This is the company you will find great editors to provide you with custom essay editing service. Students whose first language is not English may find speaking and writing in English as a difficult task for them. Most of these students are international students who have enrolled in various universities in America and in the UK. The main teaching language is English, American and Standard English respectively. It is essential for students to master well the language of instruction because it is a medium through which they are required to write their assignments and speak in classroom. Competence and fluency in English language will help students to read and understand the teaching material provided to them. It is important therefore for students to ask for support from custom essay editing services which deal with the tips of writing good essays among other academic papers and also to write for them assignment essays. Our writing and editing services is created both for students and professionals. We deal with both the non academic and academic editing and writing services to fulfill your needs. At our custom essay editing, you will find editors who are qualified in linguistics and English language. We are ready to provide you the custom essay editing service at any time of the day or night because we operate as a 24/7 service. Our custom essay editing service comprises of creative thinkers, skillful editors...

Words: 574 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Essay

...An essay is usually a short piece of writing. It is often written from an author's personal point of view. Essays can be literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author. The definition of an essay is vague, overlapping with those of an article and a short story. Almost all modern essays are written in prose, but works in verse have been dubbed essays (e.g. Alexander Pope's An Essay on Criticism and An Essay on Man). While brevity usually defines an essay, voluminous works like John Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding and Thomas Malthus's An Essay on the Principle of Population provide counterexamples. It is very difficult to define the genre into which essays fall. Aldous Huxley, a leading essayist, gives guidance on the subject: Like the novel, the essay is a literary Abstract This article will examine the reasons why it is important both linguistically and psychologically to build a vocabulary quickly when learning a foreign language. The article asserts that very little can be achieved or learned in a foreign language with a small vocabulary and that by building a sizable vocabulary quite quickly one can soon be able to function adequately. You may also wish to look at http://www.jalt-publications.org/tlt/files/95/feb/meara.html   Introduction   It is obvious that in order to learn a foreign language one needs to learn many many words. But how many? Educated...

Words: 332 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Essay

...There are some teachers who are going to require you to write a 250 word essay. Actually, it is a very short essay for that matter but for some students, it may also be a burden to have a word limit in writing. Let us take a look at the scenarios that you need to understand to compose a well developed essay. For some students, it may be limiting to have a word factor quota in writing an article. There are some individuals who can tell more out of a topic and that having 250 words will not suffice to tell everything in their minds. That is why you need to have the skills in budgeting the words that you have to write without sacrificing the ideas that you have to deliver. There are different essay types that you also need to consider so having a word limit cannot simply be an easy task. Still for some students, a 250 word essay may mean too much because there are also some people who do not want to waste their time writing. No matter what the essay structure may be, these types of people are not really eager to translate their thoughts to written form so they think 250 words simply equates to too much work. Anyway, you need to understand that having this kind of limit will eventually benefit the students as they improve their discipline, being responsible and being resourceful individuals. We can offer you to buy essays from us so you do not have to worry about the number of words in writing. Let our writers make your life easier...

Words: 273 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Essay

...I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real essay I’m sorry this is not a real...

Words: 256 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Essay

...Process and Procedure Essay Samples are Helpful Guides in Writing Saturday, June 20th, 2009 Process and Procedure Essay Samples will Assist You in Understanding this Essay Format First of all let’s find out what essay is called process and procedure essay. It is an essay which sometimes called “how to” essay for it guides in certain activities or gives instructions as how to do some job (procedure) or complete a certain task. When you feel difficulty with this essay type, you can find process and procedure essay samples which can give you useful tips into creating an essay which will be have high rating. Process and procedure essay outlining certain procedures or directions to perform certain activity is an important task if one needs to learn how to compile clear instructions to serve the needs of professionals in different fields. These can be helpful for engineers, teachers, doctors and even housewives when it concerns cook books which are also some kind of instructive writing. Procedure essay writing is a useful skills for managerial personnel as they need to organize people and direct them toward certain activities. Process and procedure essay samples can be found online in abundance. Through these essay examples one can get some notion about procedure writing and take some notes how to complete a good piece of process essay. One may note that procedure can include descriptions, warnings and recommendations to the procedures described. To provide guidelines for...

Words: 539 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Essays

...HOW TO READ ESSAYS YOU MUST ANALYZE 1. Take a pencil in your hand. 2. Read the essay over once, quickly, looking for the main idea, for what the essay is about in general, and for what the author seems to be saying. Don't get bogged down in details. (If you come to an unfamiliar word, circle it but go on reading). 3. Check the meaning of unfamiliar words. If they seem to be key words, i.e., if the author uses them more than once, scribble a brief definition at the bottom of the page or at the end of the essay. 4. Now re-read more slowly and carefully, this time making a conscious attempt to begin to isolate the single most important generalization the author makes: his thesis. Follow his line of thought; try to get some sense of structure. The thesis determines the structure, so the structure, once you begin to sense it, can lead you to the thesis. What is the main point the author is making: Where is it? Remember, examples or "for instances" are not main points. The thesis is the generalization the author is attempting to prove valid. Your job, then is to ask yourself, "What is the author trying to prove"? Another way of identifying the thesis is to ask yourself, "What is the unifying principle of this essay"? or "What idea does everything in this essay talk about"? or "Under what single main statement could all the subdivisions fit"? If the author has stated his thesis fully and clearly and all in one place, your job is easier. The thesis is apt to be stated...

Words: 971 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Essay

...to write A Level Sociology Essay Assessment With reference to the present AEB syllabus, there are three main skills being assessed in your essays. 1. Knowledge and Understanding (9 marks) 2. Interpretation and Application (9 marks) 3. Evaluation (9 marks) What Does This Mean? What this means is that for writing an essay is that the content (studies, names of researcher, dates, figures, concepts, although important need to be organised coherently, applied to a variety of social situations and interpreted, and expressed in a critical fashion. You must be aware of the skills being highlighted in the question in order to use the appropriate skills in your essays. You should also practice writing essays regularly and develop a technique which addresses the skills required so that you can actually answer the question set. I hope that this handout should allow you to achieve this. Stage One Many students are too quick into diving into an answer. They have focused on certain key terms and ‘assumed’ what the essay requires from a quick look at the question. Instead, the question should be read a number of times. Task One With the title provided. Analyze the question by underlining the key features in the essay title Double underline the skills being assessed, e.g., describe and explain Identify any terms or concepts contained in the question. These terms will need to be defined, i.e. concepts such as interactionists. Essay questions will also include...

Words: 1452 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Essay

...This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is my essay. This is...

Words: 401 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Essay

...from these events? How have they affected your personality or how you deal with situations now? Remember the focus of the essay is on the contrasting impacts of these events in your life. These events do not have to be major events, they could be minor in nature but their impact on you could be great and long lasting. Undertake the task of pre writing for this topic. Select your two events. Describe them in point form. Consider their diverse impacts on your life. By the end of this class you should have completed your pre writing and make sure you get your sheet signed by me. You have the week to work on your first draft. Those of you who would like to show me the first draft are free to submit it to me online and I shall hand them back to you online. I will tell you whether you are on the right track, however this is optional and you will not be penalized if you do not show me your first draft. You need to give me Draft 1 by Tuesday, Feb 26. This will be an online submission under Assignments on ilearn. I will correct it and give it back to you by Sunday March 3, and then you will work on changing the draft according to my corrections and bring it to class on Tuesday, March 5 when we will have a peer review session. So after our class today you need to upload your first drafts of the essay in a week, by Feb 26 in an area marked out as Essay 1 under Assignments on Ilearn. You need to exchange your second drafts with two of your classmates on Tuesday, March...

Words: 547 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Essay

...Essay Writer can provide students with the exact answers to their essay assignments through our free essay section as well as our custom essay writing services. All of Essay Writer’s free essays are uploaded to our site by some college and university students in the UK to serve as informative guides and comparative templates to help you finish your own essay writing tasks with greater ease and clarity. These sample essays are readily downloadable and very easily accessible; just simply select a subject area or topic from our list of available subjects. You can then go through our list of available essay titles under that subject. Welcome to Essay Writer’s free essays section! You can now access our very extensive collection of free essays. These essays are all original and previously not made available to anyone, and are excellently written and submitted by some well meaning college students who wish to share their knowledge to help you do better in writing your own essays. Below is the list of the subject areas we cover in our free essays section. Simply select the subject that corresponds to your need. You will then be shown a list of all the essay titles available for that specific subject. Essay Writer regularly updates its free essay database. Keep checking back for additional subjects or topics. You may also bookmark our Free Essays page to make it easier to check back on the availability of our free essays. To bookmark this page, simply click on the bookmark...

Words: 314 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Essay

...tutorial x 13 weeks)     Level: Foundation/Matriculation     Lecturers: Ms Fazidah Abdul Jamil., Mdm Goh Wan Chen, Ms Saratha Thevi Ramasamy, Ms Norzaireen Shamsul Kamar Synopsis: This course is designed for students who require the necessary skills for tertiary studies. Some basic grammatical concepts are taught and students are to apply them in their writing. Writing will focus on the development of coherent paragraphs. Reading skills will cover such strategies as scanning, skimming, main ideas, contextual clues and inferences. Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this subject, student will be able to: 1. write summaries as well as process, comparison-contrast and cause-effect essays 2. apply basic grammatical concepts in writing 3. answer questions based on academic texts 4. give oral presentations Textbook: 1. Daise, D., Norloff, C., and Carne, P., (2011). Q: Skills for Success 4 : Reading and Writing Oxford University Press, UK 2. Paterson, K, and Wedge, R., (2013). Oxford Grammar for EAP. Oxford University Press, UK Recommended References: Cambridge International Dictionary of English (1997), Cambridge University Press, UK Mode of Assessment: [1] Class participation 5% [2] Quiz 1 15% [3] Quiz 2 10% [4] Oral Presentation 10% [5] Mid-Term Examination 20% [6] Final Examination 40% Syllabus – FDENG001 |Week |UNIT |Topics ...

Words: 469 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Essay

...Define Your Thesis For essays that are part of an Early Years Care & Education Degree, it is important to clearly define a thesis statement within the first paragraph of the essay. Even if you are given a topic to write, such as the importance of preschool classes in low-income neighborhoods, you need to develop a strong thesis in your own words. Here is an example: "Preschool classes in low-income neighborhoods are a crucial step in helping all children enter elementary school at the same educational level, regardless of the income of the family." Once you have defined a clear thesis, you can proceed to the rest of your essay. However, without a clear thesis, your essay will not hold up. Use Examples The majority of your essay should be a careful and clear argument that supports your thesis statement. Do research and cite as many examples as possible to prove your point. For an essay about the merits of all-day educational opportunities for preschool-aged children, check trustworthy sources such as the National Association for the Education of Young Children and national PTA. Provide each point in a strong and complete paragraph. Each paragraph should have a main statement, supporting information and a conclusion. Tie In Conclusion After you have made your argument, state your conclusion in a clear and concise manner. Whether you have proven that the teacher ratio in a preschool setting should be lower than 4 to 1 or made a case for more national funding for the education...

Words: 281 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Essay

...Carmen Hollow Mr. Beurskens College English Critique Essay: The Morals of the Prince May 3, 2011 The Grey Area between Good and Evil: A Critique of “The Morals of the Prince” by Niccolo Machiavelli Introduction We’ve all made a promise that we couldn’t keep and we have all felt bad about breaking those promises. Whether it was a promise to our parents, our children or a co-worker, we don’t feel good about it, but sometimes it can’t be helped. Usually if we couldn’t keep a promise it was for a good reason and not a selfish one. To the person that we made the promise to, we may be viewed as uncaring or unreliable, but to ourselves we know that we had to make a decision that could hurt someone but at the same time our decision could help that same person or persons. Making a promise and not being able to keep it for one reason or another, is one of the few topics that Machiavelli writes of in his essay “The Morals of the Prince”. He also tells why he believes a prince should be feared rather than loved, and why a prince should be stingy and not generous. He wants us to know how a “perfect” prince should act and behave so that the prince will be viewed upon as a great prince. Summary Machiavelli writes about how he believes a prince should act and behave to be considered a successful prince, one that is loved and feared, liberal and stingy, one that knows when to keep his word and when to break it. In his essay, Machiavelli writes “a prince who wants to keep his post...

Words: 1138 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Essay

...Basic techniques for generating ideas. Brainstorming. Brainstorming consists in writing series of words or sentences just as they flow from our mind, although they have no logical order or connections. Once the words are written down, we have to establish relationships among them. This is the embryo of the future text. Free writing. Free writing is a similar technique to the brainstorming. Consists in writing a text without previous decisions or ideas about how we want to write it. Just choosing a topic and writing about it, and then we can summarise the main ideas. Organisation of information. There are some basic rules for writing a well - structured text. The text should be organised in a clear way; it must not be a twisted or an incomprehensible lot of ideas. We have to try to write according to certain conventions about hoe the text is organised. We have to structure our text in paragraphs. Each paragraph must express one idea. Some rules referring to the paragraphs: A paragraph must be clearly separated from other paragraphs, either by an empty line or by indenting the first line, or both. There must be no blank spaces or half-empty lines inside the paragraph. A paragraph in academic prose does not begin with a dot, a line or a kind of mark, except in special circumstances. Each body paragraph must normally have a topic sentence, and more than one sentence. Types of paragraphs. The introductory paragraph. There must be at least one...

Words: 1285 - Pages: 6