...– Yes or No For now we have been member of the EU about 11 years. During that time have come out good sides and some bad sides of this membership. For small country like Estonia is quite important to belong into some union. Mostly because of our safety. Our neighbor is not very kind one – Russia. And for that we are member in NATO. I think that belonging into EU is best option for us in economic terms. We are too small to be completely independent and free. We do not have special mineral resource like Norway or specific service like Switzerland has its bank services. To them these values give freedom to be independent. For my opinion till now we have got more from EU than we have to have to pay. Our agriculture is much better shape at the moment than it would be if we are not in EU. Estonia has got agricultural support a lot and it has improved our agricultural life a lot. I have seen several village centers build up with help of PRIAs support money. Thanks to that village people has places to gather together. The other big thing is that our borders in EU are open now. It promotes easier travelling which improves our tourism. And as well – it helps to go to work to our member country. As well known – in Finland work about 60 thousand Estonians. It is quite big amount. And not very good to Estonia – our country life is not so active anymore because there is no work and because of that younger people goes to cities or foreign countries. Prices increase as well. And much...
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...ORGANISATIONS IN EUROPE EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for Education and Culture Directorate C: Lifelong learning: higher education and international affairs European Institute of Innovation and Technology; economic partnership Public open tender EAC/37/2009: CONTENTS CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Scope of report Introduction to UBC Elements in the UBC Ecosystem 5 5 5 5 AIMS & METHODOLOGY Introduction Objective Process for selection Basis for selection Countries considered in the selection of the cases Case study partners 7 7 7 7 8 8 9 CASE STUDIES Case study key insights Classification of countries Nature of case study Case study quick-find 10 10 12 12 13 NORTHERN Europe Case 1: SEA, Denmark Case 2: ETM, Estonia Case 3: Demola, Finland Case 4: REAP, Ireland Case 5: Mobility at UL, Latvia Case 6: CSE, Sweden Case 7: SMIL, Sweden Case 8: SPEED, UK Case 9: IDI/Digital City, UK Case 10: Acua Limited, UK 18 19 25 30 35 41 46 52 57 63 70 76 80 84 90 96 EASTERN EUROPE Case 11: GIS, Bulgaria Case 12: TTO Pécs, Hungary Case 13: The Science and Economy Project, Poland Case 14: WCTT, Poland Case 15: Q-PlanNet, Romania 75 1 © Science-to-Business Marketing Research Centre CONTENTS SOUTHERN EUROPE Case 16: MUHC, Malta Case 17: PNICube, Italy Case 18: TTO Milano, Italy Case 19: InnoCash, Spain Case 20: INNOVA, Spain Case 21: INNPACTO, Spain 102 103 108 113 117 122 127 133 140 145 150 155 160 167 173 178 WESTERN EUROPE Case...
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...Main Groups My Zunia Member Log in | Join Now Help FR Enterprising Women : Expanding Economic Opportunities in Afr... The World Bank Annual Report 2013 The Global Slavery Index 2013 by DG Foundation ALL Culture » Economy » Education » Environment » Governance » Health » Science & Tech » Sectors » Society » Home » Flights of fancy: A case study on aviation and EU funds in Poland Flights of fancy: A case study on aviation and EU funds in Poland air transport infrastructure, airport infrastructure, airport network, Airports and Air Services, aviation portal, european regional development fund, european union, onboard magazines, promotion services, rail infrastructure, Transport, transport network, Trade & Transport, Europe and Central Asia Flights of fancy: A case study on aviation and EU funds in Poland bankwatch.org – The aim of this paper is to review the rationale of EU Cohesion Policy investments in airport infrastructure using the example of Poland, with a particular focus on newly developed regional airports. The paper gives a brief overview of the existing airport network in Poland. The functioning of smaller airports is examined with regard to the burden that they create for regional and local budgets. Furthermore, the paper describes planned EU investments in airport infrastructure under Cohesion Policy 2007 - 2013. Additional topics covered include the cases...
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...Main Groups My Zunia Member Log in | Join Now Help FR Enterprising Women : Expanding Economic Opportunities in Afr... The World Bank Annual Report 2013 The Global Slavery Index 2013 by DG Foundation ALL Culture » Economy » Education » Environment » Governance » Health » Science & Tech » Sectors » Society » Home » Flights of fancy: A case study on aviation and EU funds in Poland Flights of fancy: A case study on aviation and EU funds in Poland air transport infrastructure, airport infrastructure, airport network, Airports and Air Services, aviation portal, european regional development fund, european union, onboard magazines, promotion services, rail infrastructure, Transport, transport network, Trade & Transport, Europe and Central Asia Flights of fancy: A case study on aviation and EU funds in Poland bankwatch.org – The aim of this paper is to review the rationale of EU Cohesion Policy investments in airport infrastructure using the example of Poland, with a particular focus on newly developed regional airports. The paper gives a brief overview of the existing airport network in Poland. The functioning of smaller airports is examined with regard to the burden that they create for regional and local budgets. Furthermore, the paper describes planned EU investments in airport infrastructure under Cohesion Policy 2007 - 2013. Additional topics covered include the cases...
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...The Baltic Sea is surrounded by nine countries: Denmark, Finland, Norway, Germany, Poland, Sweden, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. Covering 103,000 square kilometers (40,000 square miles), it receives runoff from a massive area covering about 1.6 million square kilometers (630,000 square miles) and containing more than 70 million people. Approximately 15% of the world's industrial production occurs in the sea's basin. The Baltic Sea was a relatively clean body of water before the mid-1960s. Today it is one of the most polluted surface waters in the world. A wide assortment of pollutants sully its waters. They come from factories, sewage treatment plants, agriculture, forestry, and shipping. The Baltic Sea is extremely vulnerable to pollution for other reasons as well. First, its waters tend to stratify Freshwater flowing into the sea from its many tributaries mixes incompletely with the saltwater, forming an upper layer with a slightly lower salt content. The saltier bottom layer is heavier. This stratification tends to reduce exchange between the layers, which results in extremely low oxygen levels in deeper waters. Any factors such as pollution that lower oxygen levels further can have a devastating effect on bottom-dwelling and deep-water sea life. Second, the Baltic's connection with the North Sea is a narrow channel, so it takes about 50 years for the Baltic...
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...Case Study 5 Economic Turmoil in Latvia September 11, 2014 General Description and Central Issue of the Case The Republic Latvia is a country of 24,938 square miles on the Baltic Sea, with 310 miles of shoreline. The country shares borders with Lithuania, Belarus, Estonia, and Russia. Latvia, Lithuania, and Belarus are three Baltic States that gained independence after the fall of the Soviet Union (Hill, 2013). Latvia declared independence on May 4, 1990. The population of Latvia is 2,165,165 with an ethnic makeup of Latvian 61.1%, Russian 26.2%, Belarusian 3.5%, Ukrainian 2.3%, Polish 2.2%, Lithuanian 1.3%, other 3.4% (CIA, 2014). Natural resources include peat, limestone, dolomite, amber, hydropower, timber, and arable land. Latvia is often too wet and in need of constant drainage. Approximately 3,953,686 acres of farmland or 85% of Latvia has been improved by drainage for agriculture. Latvia’s primary agricultural products are grain, rapeseed, potatoes, vegetable, pork, poultry, milk, eggs, and fish. Industry includes processed foods, processed wood products, textiles, processed metals, pharmaceuticals, railroad cars, synthetic fibers, and electronics (CIA, 2014). The labor force sector that makes up Latvia’s GDP composition is 4.9% agriculture, 25.7% industry, and 69.4% services. Taxes make up 35.9% of Latvia’s GDP, with a public debt of 39.2%. The unemployment rate is 9.8%, and the industrial growth rate is 4.2%. Latvia has 10.9 billion in revenue...
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...Knowledge and skills for innovative entrepreneurship. 8 2.3.5 Enhancing administrative capacity. 8 2.3.6 Technical assistance 8 3 Success stories 8 3.1 Example 1: Start-up Programme 8 3.1.1 Start-up 9 3.1.2 Evolution 9 3.1.3 Most relevant 3 projects 9 3.1.4 Results 9 3.2 Example 2: BioFix 10 3.2.1 Context 10 3.2.2 BioFix Project 10 3.2.3 First steps 10 3.2.4 Partners 10 3.2.5 Results 11 Introduction After centuries of Danish, Swedish, German, and Russian rule, Estonia attained independence in 1918. Forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1940 - an action never recognized by the US - it regained its freedom in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since the last Russian troops left in 1994, Estonia has been free to promote economic and political ties with the West. It joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004, formally joined the OECD in late 2010, and adopted the euro as its official currency on 1 January 2011. Republic of Estonia is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the...
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...Effective Logistics Is an Essential Factor Affecting the Finnish Economy One of the general trends of the transport and logistics sector is the growing demand for mobility. In the EU area transport has a total expenditure of around 1000 billion euros, generating over 10 % of the Union’s GDP. It is also a very vital issue for Finland’s economy. The following brief article illustrates logistics questions from the Finnish point of view and gives some examples of the current logistics R&D activities of VTT, the Technical Research Centre of Finland. Photo: VTT Remote position cReates challenges foR the value chain in finland Because of Finland’s geographical location, maritime transport is vital to the Finnish economy. Maritime transport is by far the most important form of transport in the Finnish export trade. The Baltic Sea provides a transportation route that connects Finland with other parts of Europe, our most important market. About 70 % of Finnish imports and about 90 % of Finnish exports use seaborne transport. Thus it is vital for the Finnish economy to find sound and reliable solutions for yearround service. Here the winter provides challenges for Finnish society due to the fact that our coast-line is ice covered for several months every year. Competitiveness in logistics is an important factor for us, and all means to improve our effectiveness are vital. The high price of oil is also significantly affecting the profit margins of the transport sector. geneRal dRiveRs...
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...as the district headquarters for the prince-bishops of Ösel-Wiek. The church was founded in 1893 (although 1870 has also been quoted), in a typically rustic building. Today it falls under the reign of Bishop Alexander Hopjorski of Pärnu and Saaremaa. According to one local, it has a congregation of five. Surrounding it is a dry-stone wall reminiscent of the type seen in Yorkshire in England. The Apostolic Church of St Olga (Püha Olga kirik) stands at the west of Kuressaare mnt as it heads northwards into the heart of the village of Leisi. The church was constructed in 1873, using limestone in its walls and forming a cross-shaped building, with a large central onion dome and four corner towers. The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church in Estonia was restored in 1993, after surviving in exile during the years of Soviet occupation. St Catherine's Church (Katariina kirik) is in the centre of the island of Muhu, immediately north of Saaremaa. The towerless church was first mentioned in 1267. Its west door partly survives from 1617. It was damaged by fire in 1941, during the Second World War, and stood roofless until 1958, although the original vaults, over the church rather than under it,...
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...Ksenija Tihomirova November 29th, 2015 Professor Alp Tuncaci Politics of Russia and EE 01:790:381 Article Reaction #2 The article that I chose to respond to for the November reaction paper assignment was published online on the Washington Free Beacon website on November 4th, 2015 and was gathered by Daniel Wiser. Being a relatively new editorial, this piece of writing tends to grasp and touch upon recent events sprouting around Russia and the influence it aspires on the global spectrum. One of these events, a matter to be more precise, is concerning the Russian mass media and the role it plays in certain parts of the world, specifically the Eastern Europe; hence the name of the article- “Russia’s Propaganda Creating ‘Separate Reality’ in Eastern Europe”. Mass media, as we might have experienced and noticed that already, has a tendency to be biased towards one or another sphere of authority. The aforesaid tabloid, therefore, suggests that Russia’s publicity in the near West (Eastern Europe that is) is not just predisposed to pro-Russian news, but is actually forcing, to a certain extent, all the proRussian activities and procedures to the ethnic Russian minorities living in that area. That being the case, the article argues just how through “the weaponization of information, the Kremlin uses news and analysis as a means of provoking strong negative emotions, potentially leading to hatred, incitement and, ultimately, the justification of violence” (Wiser)...
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...Estonia Banks Targeted University of Maryland University College CSEC 620 Individual assignment # 2 Table of Contents Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 Estonia under attack……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 Types of attacks ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 Threats actors and their motives ……………………………………………………………………………. 6 Who were responsible for the attacks ……………………………………………………………………. 7 Strategic Shifts in Response to attacks ……………………………………………………………………. 8 Conclusions ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10 Introduction The Baltic state of Estonia was attacked by hackers in April of 2007. Scores of government and private sector website were shut down. Estonian’s daily activities, such as pumping gas or making withdrawals from ATM machines were severely impacted. The architecture of the Internet allowed networks of bots, called botnets, to direct millions of packets to the servers of the Estonian targets, overloading and rendering them inaccessible to visitors. Digital traffic from servers ranging all the way to Peru, Vietnam and the United States overwhelmed Estonian websites, overloading their buffers with superfluous data. At the apex of this DDoS flooding, government websites that had been receiving 1,000 visits each day were suddenly inundated with 2,000 per second (Crouch, Pg 1). No overt financial motivations were discovered as the driver of these attacks, with the principal motivation being political...
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...Online Voting: Good or Bad? E-voting does exist in various forms throughout the world — from electronic vote-counting of paper ballots, to actual, digital-display ballot machines — but bona fide, entirely-digital systems are incredibly rare. A handful of countries have experimented with remote, internet-based voting for expatriates and armed forces, but the only country to ever hold a fully-digital election — where anyone in the country could vote via the internet — is Estonia, which started in 2007. In 2011, 15% of Estonia’s population voted via the internet. Why is internet voting so slow to take off? Security is one aspect — after 100 years of refining the paper-and-pen approach, it’s understandable that some states would be apprehensive about switching to that terrifying, publicly-owned entity that is the internet — but as Estonia has shown, with ID cards that also act as public key encryption smart cards, it’s possible to create a secure internet voting platform. There are also valid concerns about hardware and software tampering — a man-in-the-middle attack somewhere between the voting terminal (be it at home or at a polling station) and the end point where tabulation occurs — but these can be ameliorated by instigating a chain of custody and public, open inspection of the systems used. In short, it’s not like the US lack the ability or technology to run a secure, internet-based election. Just imagine what would happen if suddenly everyone with an internet connection...
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...Baltic Energy Forum for Students 2012 Cooperation of the Baltic companies to get along with regulations of the EU [Sélectionnez la date] Prepared by Vytautas Magnus University students: Povilas Brilius Žygintas Dovydėnas Karolina Mališauskaitė Table of contents Introduction 3 Key aspects of the Baltic States’ energy companies 3 Common situation 5 Context of the European Union 7 Conclusions and recommendations 8 References 9 Introduction Recent events in global and local spheres are important to Baltic States’ energy economics. Among those are a) late collaboration initiatives between Baltic States’ governments to endorse regional projects in order to get connected into the EU energy network b) new EU regulatory frameworks, in particular applying to Baltic States energy markets situation c) the declining EU position in terms of energy sector competitiveness. These facts require deeper and more thorough investigation into Baltic energy market players and their abilities to meet demands of changing environment. Authors of this short paper seek to...
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...As NATO continues to expand, Russia sees little cause for joy Nowadays, NATO is in the middle of a confused debate about its identity and role. In particularly about how it will affect relations with Russia, the security of Ukraine and the Baltic States, and the peaceful integration of Ukraine into Europe. More and more voices are being raised in the United States against this policy and therefore my claim is: NATO must not expand any further towards Eastern Europe. NATO stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. The fundamental role of NATO is to ensure the freedom and security of its member countries. It is one of the foundations on which the stability and security of the Euro-Atlantic area depends and it serves as an essential forum for consultations on matters affecting the security interests of all its members. Its first task is to defend against any threat of aggression. Russia has a very clear opinion on this debate. In the first place, NATO expansion is seen as a betrayal of unrealised promises made by the West in 1990-1991, and also as a sign that the West regards Russia not as an ally, but as a defeated enemy. Russians point out that Moscow agreed to withdraw troops from the former East Germany after NATO promised not to station its troops there. But now NATO has crossed over eastern Germany and ended up 500 miles closer to Russia, in Poland. In the second place, Russians fear that the inclusion of the Baltic States and Ukraine within NATO, will ultimately...
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...Lydie Nguz Maruv International Business Strategy-Shurgard case-question 3 Question 3-What do I think are the main challenges that Shurgard will face for its European expansion (Other than “growth”), What would be my specific recommendations as regards each of these challenges? Why? In my opinion, the main challenges that Shurgard will face for its European expansion are the following: 1. The unfamiliarity of the self- storage concept in Europe and hence lack of professional expertise; 2. Differences between European countries, it’s not one size fits all; 3. Inexistence of specific regulation concerning self-storage business; 4. European labor regulation, which implies that it is harder to hire or fire people and relocate them(France); 5. Difference between European consumers and US consumers as regard price elasticity; 6. Difficulty to fund expansion as potential investors might be very demanding; 7. Marketing critical to a quick rent up in order to create basic awareness and demand; Concerning the first challenge, the fact that self-storage didn’t exist in Europe, means it is both a risk and an advantage to be the first mover. So, Shurgard has to make sure in its expansion process, that there is a real market opportunity in countries where it wants to operate. It involves that there are potential customers who are looking for this kind of services. I my opinion, if a business doesn’t exist somewhere it don’t mean per...
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