...Upton Sinclair where art thou? The job of the muckraker responsible for the bane of high school literature students everywhere, The Jungle, has created more vegetarians than famous vegetarians from Gandhi to Pamela Anderson combined apparently is not yet finished. After the 1906 publication of The Jungle, a disgusted public offended at the thought of eating a line worker as part of their potted meat began to clamor for safer food and safer working conditions. Many years and many pieces of legislation later, if the statistics can be trusted, it would seem like the more things change in the meat packing industry the more they stay the same. During the 1970 creation of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA), the meat and meat products industry received the dubious distinction of being designated as one of the five classifications with the highest injury rates (Sparks Companies, 1999). Now almost forty years later the industry is still considered one of the most dangerous. The Bureau of Labor Statistics notes that the meat and meat products industry had the nation’s highest industrial injury for the five consecutive years from 1980 to 1985 (U.S. Department of Labor, 1988). Much the same as it was in 1943 (Horowitz, 2008). It was into this arena that Human Rights Watch decided to step. On its website Human Rights Watch describes itself as an independent organization dedicated to protecting human rights by exposing violations and trying to end abuses (Human Rights...
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...Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice Dawn M. Biggs Grand Canyon University: Ethical Decision Making in Healthcare March 29, 2015 Applying ethical decision making in the everyday practice in healthcare can be complicated. Healthcare providers must look at both sides of the issue while taking into account what is in the patient’s best interest while at the same time not letting their own opinions and beliefs dictate the decision making process. While one’s own values and ethics can help the process take shape it must never overrule the process and influence the decision. Case Scenario: “A 6-year-old develops a high fever accompanied by violent vomiting and convulsions while at school. The child is rushed to a nearby hospital. The attending physician makes a diagnosis of meningitis and requests permission to initiate treatment from the parents. The child’s parents are divorced. The mother, who is not the biological parent of the child, has primary custody. She is a Christian Scientist who insists that no medical treatment be offered for religious reasons. The biological father, who resides in another state, is also contacted. He insists that treatment be given and seeks independent consultation from another physician” (Ethical Decision Making-Week 3). The ethical dilemma takes shape due to opposing views from the parents in regards to medical treatment of the child. The mom is refusing to give consent for medical treatment due to religious beliefs and the father wants...
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...“Discuss ethical considerations related to research conducted into genetic influences on behaviour.” In this essay i am going to talk about the ethical considerations related to research conducted into genetic influences on behaviour. Ethics refers to the correct rules of conduct necessary when carrying out research. We have a moral responsibility to protect research participants from harm. Research methods is the method you are going to be using whilst the experiment is happening. For example, the research method could be a lab experiment, field experiment, correlation, case studies, observations etc. Within this essay, I am going to consider consent, briefing, counselling and the twin study. First of all, i would like to talk about consent. Consent is a key thing when dealing and carrying out studies within psychology. Consent is important because it is a legal procedure and it is given to ensure that all participants are aware of all the potential risks and costs involved within the psychological experiment. The elements of informed consent include informing the client of the nature of the treatment, possible alternative treatments, and the potential risks and benefits of the treatment. Anybody over the age of sixteen is legally aloud to give their own consent, however if you are under the age of sixteen then it is down to your parent/guardian to give consent for you to be able to participate within a psychological experiment. Although, not all experiments include humans...
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...Analysing Myers Briggs Ethical Considerations The aims are ethical: the basic purpose in developing the MBTI is to give people understanding of themselves and others to enhance development and collaboration. This is an ethical goal. Also, the theory and philosophy encourages appreciation of different styles and diversity. For instance, MBTI theory clearly states there is no right or wrong type, and there is no better or worse combinations of types in work or relationships. In other words, each type comes with strengths and development opportunities, and it is the awareness, management and leverage of these which help individuals. Negative effects of typing: Being “typed” could be limiting because it can plant a seed and potentially restrict...
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...The Nursing Professional and Ethical Considerations for Using Web-Based Social Networking Sites The Nursing Professional and Ethical Considerations for Using Web-Based Social Networking Sites As nurses navigate web-based social networking sites there is a dangerously thin line between professional and personal online etiquette. Health care employees must maintain patient confidentiality and privacy at all times, as well as serve as a positive representation of their place of employment. Inappropriate use of social media often leads to disciplinary action; and in the most serious cases, can negatively affect a nurse’s career and license. A violation of patient confidentiality takes place as soon as a nurse shares information or even a small detail concerning a patient over the Internet. Examples include reflecting on the severity of a patient’s disabilities, or even commenting on the behavior of an Alzheimer’s patient. Healthcare Professionals must be diligent when it comes to using web-based social media sites. Anything that is posted on the internet is accessible to all and will stay in cyberspace even if the user deleted it off of their sites. Even with the strictest of privacy settings on their profile, it can still be seen by thousands even millions of people. So imagine that you post a picture on Facebook and you have 100 friends and those 100 friends share that post to their 100 friends and then they share that post with their friends. It could go on and on...
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...The ethical obligations of a multinational corporation toward employment conditions, human rights, corruption, environmental pollution, and the use of power are not always clear cut. From an international business perspective- for MNE- with supply chain components spread across the globe, it becomes important to establish a moral compass to guide an organization to profit its stakeholders. One important factor (albeit a challenging one) in determining that moral compass is the culture. For example- an American company’s managers goes to a developing country and finds out that 40% of its sub-contractors’ labor consists of children under the age of 12. The sub-contractor has hired them because a) Children are cheaper than an adult, which results in reduced costs and higher profit for the American company b) A part of the process can be handled efficiently by a child (say making carpets) c) If the child was not allowed to work, consequences will be worse than employing that child for example prostitution or slavery D) it’s a “culturally established and acceptable practice” in that country e) Competition is also employing children – so abandoning that would result in the loss of a competitive advantage. What should the American manager do? Should he allow the status quo and agree with his sub-contractor? Should the sub-contractor succumb to the pressure from the parent company to meet unrealistic performance goals that can be attained only by cutting corners or acting...
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...Ethical Considerations The population to be studied consists of persons aged 18 or older; each one will have to consider for themselves if the benefits of participating in the study outweigh the risks. All of the data collected will be confidential, but the collection of information will be done through both survey and face to face interviewing. Mental illness has its own set of stigmas, and there may be individuals who do not feel comfortable talking about their mental illness symptoms with an interviewer. Researchers will be collecting the data in the office setting where clients are currently receiving services, which may help ease any concerns about sharing information regarding their condition. Participants will not be identified, unless they have identified themselves in a qualitative section of the survey. Surveys taken throughout the study will be given using a computerized system. Currently, clients check in and answer some questions from their counselor just before individual counselling session. This is done using an ipad, and information is immediately uploaded and only able to be seen by researchers. Using the existing system and allowing clients to take the survey as they check in will expedite the data collection. The client themselves will submit their data themselves as opposed to marking answers on paper sheets to be transcribed by a researcher. This keeps their information more private reduces the risk of recorder error. Participants in the...
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...Ethics and Corporate Responsibility in the Workplace and the World Patricia Ingram Professor Renee Berry Legal 500- Law, Ethics, and Corporate Governance March 1, 2015 Introduction "PharmaCARE is one of the world’s most successful pharmaceutical companies, enjoying a reputation as a caring, ethical and well-run company that produces high-quality products that save millions of lives and enhance the quality of life for millions of others. The company offers free and discounted drugs to low-income consumers, has a foundation that sponsors healthcare educational programs and scholarships, and its CEO serves on the PhRMA board. PharmaCARE recently launched a new initiative, We CARE about YOUR world®, pledging its commitment to the environment through recycling, packaging changes and other green initiatives, despite the fact that the company’s lobbying efforts and PAC have successfully defeated environmental laws and regulations, including extension of the Superfund tax, which was created by Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). ...PharmaCARE maintains a large manufacturing facility in the African nation of Colberia, where the company has found several “healers” eager to freely share information about indigenous cures and an abundance of Colberians willing to work for $1.00 a day, harvesting plants by walking five (5) miles into and out of the jungle carrying baskets that, when full, weigh up to fifty (50) pounds. Due to the...
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...Ethical Considerations in Primary Research Summary: Primary research involves collecting data about a given subject directly from the real world. This section includes information on what primary research is, how to get started, ethics involved with primary research and different types of research you can do. It includes details about interviews, surveys, observations, and analysis. Contributors:Dana Lynn Driscoll, Allen Brizee Last Edited: 2012-09-21 10:05:43 Primary research is conducted all of the time--journalists use it as their primary means of reporting news and events; national polls and surveys discover what the population thinks about a particular political figure or proposal; and companies collect data on their consumer base and market trends. When conducting research in an academic or professional setting, you need to be aware of the ethics behind your research activity. Here are some specific points to consider: * You should have the permission of the people who you will be studying to conduct research involving them. * Not all types of research require permission—for example, if you are interested in analyzing something that is available publicly (such as in the case of commercials, public message boards, etc) you do not necessarily need the permission of the authors. * You don’t want to do anything that would cause physical or emotional harm to your subjects. This could be something as simple as being careful how you word sensitive or difficult...
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...year. If the expense in not billed then the ROI this year will be (30,800/140,000)= 22% but the expense is deducted from the operating income then the ROI becomes {(30,800-5,000)/140,000}= 18.42% which is less than the expected ROI (20%). 2. Before year end, write down $3,000 in store inventory (nonperishable emergency flood supplies) to zero value because had not sold all year. This will decrease the investment by $3000 which will result in understated investment. So the ROI will become {30,800/(140,000-3,000)}= 22.5% instead of 18.32%. This will help Ryan to get bonus this year and increase the chance of getting more return on investment from stores next year. These actions are unethical in accordance to IMA’s Statement of Ethical Professional Practice. The reasons are stated below: This practice hampers the “Integrity” standard of the professional. The standard states that “ Abtain from engaging in or supporting any activity that might discredit the profession” and also “Credibility” which is ‘Communicate information fairly and objectively’. The scenerio also violates the standard of “Competence” which states that ‘Provide decisions support information and recommendations that are accurate, clear, concise and timely’ What sould Mary do in this situation are the followings: * Because Ryan is her supervisor and he is involved in the unethical conduct; she should inform this matter to higher authority. She should submit the issue to the management level. ...
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...* Issues which were determine by the Court, * Identifying such issues if any, which the Court did not determine, * Properly stating the Decision of the Court, * The reasons as identified by the Court for its Decision, * Your analysis of whether the issues were framed properly or not, * Your analysis as to the correctness of the reasoning of the Court and * Your Opinion on the impact of the decision on the Law in general. The Law as it stood before the Case Pre-existing Duty Rule: This case was decided on the basis of Principle of CONSIDERATION under the existing Law of Contracts and the law was same before the ruling of this case. When a seaman is bound by his contract of service to serve for a particular voyage, a promise to increase his wages, unless there is increased duty or hazard, does not bind the promisor.2 It is otherwise, however, if the promise is made in consideration of increased peril and labor under circumstances which would have justified the seaman in throwing up the contract. The Judgment was inspired by a preceding case Harris v. Watson. However the applicability of Stilk v Myrick was still debatable until it was overturned by Williams v Roffey Bros & Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd. Facts Of The Case This is related...
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...Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Property Kellie L. Plowden LEG 500 Doris Mitchell December 12, 2013 Everyone knows that direct- to consumer-marketing is focused on the patients. There are a lot of ways to get the attention of these patients. Advertising can be done through social media, print, radio, television, and word of mouth. “Prescription direct-to-consumer advertising has become a highly scrutinized and researched topic in healthcare marketing,” (Rollins, B.L., King, K. Zinkhan G., & Perri, M., 2011.). Banning direct-to-consumer would be very beneficial. The reason is because of the misconception and manipulation that it can cause the public. Especially when the elderly began focusing on what is being said. “The PhRMA “Guiding Principles” say that DTC ads should foster responsible communications between patients and health care professionals to help patients achieve better health.” (Stange, K.C., 2007). However, manipulating the public by distributing placebos to one group of people and the actual drug to another group of people is a bad way of communication. People who are on the state boards regulate compounding but the federal also has a part in it. According to Roth, “The FDA’s Office of Criminal Investigations (OCI) is working to monitor the schemes that have been going on with the compounding pharmacies.” Even though the FDA is aware of how law resources are needed, and how to direct the compounding...
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...Ethical Considerations Reflection Paper University of Phoenix EDU/ 315 Equality is what I consider to be the primary ethical consideration for teachers in a K-8 setting. In order for children to receive the same education the teacher will need to treat each student in the same manner. According to Dictionary.com Equality is “the state or quality of being equal; correspondence in quantity, degree, value, rank, or ability” (Dictionary.com, 2011). If a teacher refrains from following the Florida educational ethical standards (6B- 1. 006 section 3, subsection G), which states that a teacher “shall not harass or discriminate against any student on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, age, national or ethical origin, political beliefs, marital status, handicapping conditions, sexual orientation, or social and family background”, (Florida Department of Education, 2011) then the teacher will be written up and/ or terminated from their teaching position. Learning disabilities is one equal consideration teachers need to think about in their classroom. When a teacher treats a student with learning disabilities exactly as a student without learning disabilities it is unfair and discouraging to the disable student. Teachers should make accommodations for these students to equal the class work and expectations. Teachers can help all students in the class to understand and respect each individual no matter their learning disability by having library books read and available...
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...I agree that in nursing, ethical considerations are important to the health and well-being of our patients. The ethical nurse is obligated to provide individualized care in order to maintain the patient’s highest level of well-being. According to Parker (2008), the ability to influence patient care outcomes depends on a number of factors such as nursing knowledge, skills and an understanding of ethical principles and models; the nurse must consider each of these in order to influence care outcomes in an ethically appropriate manner. Majority of the times unethical behavior is unacceptable, but I believe that certain circumstances may lead you to behave unethically in order to promote patients’ health and comfort. For instance, most of our...
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...Legal & Ethical Considerations In an economy that is constantly changing, and demand continually rising, companies need to be aware of their legal and ethical obligations to their consumers. Companies are liable in making sure their products are as safe as possible and an obligation to report any dangers that might exist. Product liability, “Products liability refers to the liability of any or all parties along the chain of manufacture of any product for damage caused by that product. This includes the manufacturer of component parts (at the top of the chain), an assembling manufacturer, the wholesaler, and the retail store owner (at the bottom of the chain). Products containing inherent defects that cause harm to a consumer of the product, or someone to whom the product was loaned, given, etc., are the subjects of products liability suits.” If companies act in an ethical manner, consumers can find recalls, due to product liability, on the US Consumer Product Safety Commissions. The US Consumer Product Safety Commission has recall reports on a daily basis from an array of different companies. Some of the current recalls are Bosch security systems because of fire alarm failure, RSI, a medicine cabinets exclusively sold at The Home Depot because of possible hazard due to the mirror or its back panel possibly separating or falling out, and Under Armour, for a possible choking hazards in their infant sports jersey kit. All these companies made the correct decision in reporting...
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