...ETHICAL DILEMMAS FACING NURSES ON END-OF-LIFE ISSUES BASED ON CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS HELD IN ELDORET, KENYA Author: Kamau S. Macharia: BScN (Moi), MSc (studying) Nursing Leadership & Health Care Systems Management (University of Colorado, Denver), Higher Dip. Critical Care Nursing (Nbi). Graduate Assistant, School of Nursing & Biomedical Sciences, Kabianga University College (A Constituent College of Moi University), . P 0 Box 2030 20200 Kericho, Kenya , Tel +254 722224577, Email: symomash@gmail.com ETHICAL DILEMMAS FACING NURSES ON END-OF-LIFE ISSUES BASED ON CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS HELD IN ELDORET, KENYA ABSTRACT Problem Statement: A conference to discuss on ethical dilemmas is thought to be a good way of airing out issues. It is unfortunate that at times a patient in our care may die no matter what we do. Profound ethical questions on end of life issues confront the medical personnel as they watch and wait helplessly. This paper touches on ethics, law, social and public policy as they affect nursing practice. Setting: This is a conference proceedings report augmented with a case study of Nelly from a local setting and compares it with two others from elsewhere which were also presented during the conference. Conference was organized by Federation of African Medical Students Associations (FAMSA), Eldoret 2011. The author was a presenter...
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...University of Phoenix Material Ethical Worksheet Sample Incident Review |What is the ethical issue or problem? Identify the issue succinctly. | |The moral agent is a criminal defense attorney. The attorney knows of another criminal defense attorney who is an alcoholic and | |ignores his client obligations. What should the moral agent do? | |What are the most important facts? Which facts have the most bearing on the ethical decision presented? Include any important | |potential economic, social, or political pressures, and exclude inconsequential facts. | |The attorney often appears in court intoxicated. He ignores his cases and does not file appropriate motions before deadlines | |expire. His clients, who are court-appointed, usually end up with convictions and heavy sentences due to his incompetence. In | |trial, he is unprepared and unprofessional. Defendants have complained. Defense attorneys, prosecutors, and judges are aware of his| |incompetence and have done nothing. The attorney’s disbarment would likely cause drastic economic consequences for the attorney. If| |the moral agent is responsible for his disbarment, the moral agent may face the social stigma and pressure of being labeled a | |snitch. With emphasis on stiffer penalties for defendants, there is political...
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...Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice | |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | |Unsatisfactory |Less Than |Satisfactory |Good |Excellent | | |71.00% |Satisfactory |79.00% |89.00% |100.00% | | | |75.00% | | | | |80.0 %Content | | |20.0 % Identifies |Does not identify an |Identifies an ethical|There is limited |Relevant context and |Analysis of issue is | | |Ethical Dilemma |ethical dilemma; or |dilemma. But the |discussion of |thorough discussion of|comprehensive. | | | |identifies an ethical |description of the |relevant context |issue are provided. |Explores issue with | | | |dilemma but provides |ethical dilemma is |and exploration of |Identifies |broad perspective, | | | |no analysis of the |very vague; or the |implications. |implications and |identifying underlying| | | |ethical implications. |analysis of the |Identifies...
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...near the capacity needed in order to ensure the adequate combating of the ever increasing global epidemic of children malnutrition, it plays a very integral role in partnering up with and also facilitating projects in Africa. This would not be achievable however, if the United States is able to beat Nutriset’s patent (Jhingran, 2001). FACTS SUMMARY Nutriset is at the moment facing immense ethical dilemmas, for instance, if the US beats their patent, it will mean that many people in the respective countries in which Nurtiset carries out its projects will have to lose their employment. In this case, if Nutriset loses its patent rights, many children who were benefiting from the various projects which were being undertaken in their respective countries will have to literally go back to the drawing board as the problem of malnutrition will not be fully and efficiently addressed (West, 2004). On the other hand, if Nutriset does not lose their patent rights, it will mean that other children will also suffer from malnutrition, in this sense one might argue that, if Nutriset’s production capacity issue is not...
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...the interactions of ethics and problematic dilemmas facing an organization through a game simulation. The simulation placed the role of quality control manager (QCM) as my title within an organization called “G-Bio Sport’s.” Additionally, I was tasked with two dilemmas involving ethical issues, and the various ethical perspectives that were used in my analysis and decision making to resolve the dilemmas. This journal will reflect the issues, steps, ethical perspective used to base decision on and influence it played, as well as the correlation of various concepts within the simulation with my workplace. Ethical Dilemma Issue (The Case of Fair Warning) In the first dilemma products contaminated with high levels of GBS-Fibranafren, one of G-Bio Sport’s patented ingredients, which over two-thirds of the company’s products contain where found to have slipped through quality control. The dilemma provoked an issue of what the best decision would be to initiate a resolution to the issue. The company concluded that in healthy adults there was extremely low risk, though those with low immune systems would be at a higher risk, this with repeated use. Decision Making Steps In coming to an ethical decision or basis, I first identified the issues (whether or not to recall, disseminate the information, refund or replace the product) and then analyzed the issues enabling a clear perspective on the understanding of each issue. Additionally I did a stakeholder analysis...
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...Ethical dilemma An ethical dilemma, also known as moral dilemma, is a situation in which moral guidelines or ethical obligations conflict in such a way that any possible resolution to the dilemma is morally intolerable. In other words, an ethical dilemma is any situation in which guiding moral principles cannot determine which course of action is right or wrong. An ethical dilemma is a debate between two moral principles, where two sides can argue about what is wrong or what is right. However, there is no real answer to an ethical dilemma. It is simply a matter of what one believes in. If I would have to select an ethical issue. I would choose parenthood and when you first hear about my selection it might not think it’s an ethical dilemma issue. But let me describe being a stepmom to an eleven year old girl who biological mother really never has been a mother to her and she had to grow up pretty fast in her life. She came in my life at the age eight and even at this age she had the mind of much older child. And recently I overheard her discussing with a couple friends about sneaking to a place that was told by her father that she was not ever to go because it was unsafe and under no circumstances to be at. It was a weekend like any other weekend except now her father had made a rule that when she stayed at a friend’s house that it had to be verified by a parent calling and speaking to one of the parents. And this is where the dilemma issue arose, and our daughter texted...
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...nurse, ethical dilemmas can arise at any moment. It is imperative that through proper education and training registered nurses have the ethical capacity and intelligence to work through these issues with compassion and integrity. Take into account he following case scenario; a 6-year-old child develops a high fever, vomiting, and convulsions at school. After seeking medical care, the diagnosis of meningitis is reached and the physician requests to start treatment from the child’s parents. The parents are divorced; the mother has primary custody but is not the biological parent. The mother is a Christian Scientist who insists that no medical treatment be initiated per her religious beliefs. The biological father resides in another state, but he insists that treatment be initiated and seeks independent consultation from another physician. Through ethical decision making with assistance from Uustal’s nine-step model, it is possible to identify the ethical dilemma presented, integrate the decision-making model to identify an ethical solution, and incorporate family dialogue to both parents of the child regarding the issue at hand. When an ethical decision must be made, one must first identify the ethical dilemma. "...An ethical dilemma is a common type of situation that involves two, or more, morally correct courses of action that cannot both be followed” (Purtilo, Ruth & Doherty, 2011, p. 57). Ethical dilemmas involve both ethical conflict and conduct. "An ethical dilemma occurs...
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...Ethical Dilemmas in Global Health Care Kanjirathingal, Elsy Grand Canyon University NRS-437V Ethical Decision Making in HC (O102) 18-December-2010 Ethical dilemmas are becoming very common in today’s healthcare and often it extends beyond the boundaries of age, race, gender and ethnicity. Dilemma is not easily solved or it becomes more evident when no acceptable alternatives are found. Most of the times dilemma produces very painful or distressful situations to the people who are involved. Issues that we see in our community or we come across in our daily career are often magnified in the global community. The article “The dilemma of D-generation” from the Sunday mail describes the ethical dilemma of issues of identity of the growing children who are born from anonymous donors. Even though these children have fantastic relationship with their parents the question of identity, heritage and history remains as a tragedy. However, as nurses we should recognize the ethical issues and able to find the resolution that arises from these ethical dilemmas (Hansen, 2010). Event and Ethical Implications The dilemma of D-generation in the Sunday mail describes about the different identity issues of the children who are born from unknown fathers. The method of in vitro fertilization (IVF) became a blessing of many families who have weakened or no reproductive strength. The mystery of creating a new life in a women’s womb become more...
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...Santos, Personnel Manager, ShopRight FROM: Janette Williams, Consultant for ShopRight Super Store, Inc. RE: Off-Duty Smoking DATE: September 10, 2012 _____________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION This memo is intended to discuss the ethical dilemma and issues stemming from not hiring someone based on their off-duty activities. This memo encompasses a thorough analysis of the ethical situation, alternative solutions and a recommendation designed to resolve the ethical dilemma and issues, and future implications of said recommendation. FACTS SUMMARY The following is a list of facts directly significant and relevant to the ethical dilemma: ShopRight held interviews for qualified applicants ShopRight's hiring practice is based on Mr. Santos' bias against smokers ShopRight doesn't hire smokers ShopRight's health insurance plan is affected by hiring smokers ETHICAL DILEMMA The ethical dilemma facing Mr. Santos is whether someone's off-duty behavior should affect them being considered for a position within the company which they are qualified for or not. ETHICAL ISSUES Invasion of Privacy – This ethical issue is more related to the individual personally rather than their qualifications. What a person does with their time while off-duty is their business and should not affect whether they are hired for a position or not, it's an invasion of their privacy. Unfairness to Qualified Applicants – Whether...
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...Ethics Game Dilemmas Unknown ETH/316 March 21, 2013 Instructor Ethics Game Dilemmas We as company leaders, have many responsibilities. One of our most important responsibilities is ethical and social responsibility because it requires everyone to adhere to a set of policies personal and professional. The issues in the ethical game simulation are complex yet simple enough to follow the required steps to come to a decision that works for all parties involved. The issue whether the information obtained by Jamal Moore is used to discipline Aaron Webb for violating the NDA or discipline him for the manner in which the information was obtained (Ethics game worksheet, 2013). What were the ethical issues presented in the simulation game Ethical dilemmas can be used to address organizational issues through awareness, training, and support of management and shareholders. Even though this issue has become more of a legal issue, management cannot minimize the incident to avoid legal situations. They need help from all shareholders and upper-level management. Computer security is the issue and the new system that was just implemented has been compromised by an employee. People are less likely to break the law or a legal code if they are aware they are breaking rules. Two employees have violated company policy one for posting sensitive company data and the other for hacking a computer to obtain incriminating information. Moreover, as the manager of safety and...
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...Journal of Medical Ethics 2001;27:98–103 What makes a problem an ethical problem? An empirical perspective on the nature of ethical problems in general practice Annette Joy Braunack-Mayer University of Adelaide, Australia Abstract Whilst there has been considerable debate about the fit between moral theory and moral reasoning in everyday life, the way in which moral problems are defined has rarely been questioned. This paper presents a qualitative analysis of interviews conducted with 15 general practitioners (GPs) in South Australia to argue that the way in which the bioethics literature defines an ethical dilemma captures only some of the range of lay views about the nature of ethical problems. The bioethics literature has defined ethical dilemmas in terms of conflict and choice between values, beliefs and options for action. While some of the views of some of the GPs in this study about the nature of their ethical dilemmas certainly accorded with this definition, other explanations of the ethical nature of their problems revolved around the publicity associated with the issues they were discussing, concern about their relationships with patients, and anxiety about threats to their integrity and reputation. The variety of views about what makes a problem a moral problem indicates that the moral domain is perhaps wider and richer than mainstream bioethics would generally allow. (Journal of Medical Ethics 2001;27:98–103) Keywords: Empirical ethics; general...
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...Business leaders frequently face dilemmas, circumstances where whatever course of action they choose, something of important value will be offended. How can an organisation prepare its decision makers for such situations? This article presents a pedagogical approach to dilemma training for business leaders and managers. It has evolved through ten years of experience with human resource development, where ethics has been an integral part of programs designed to help individuals to become excellent in their professional roles. The core element in our approach is The Navigation Wheel, a figure used to keep track of relevant decision factors. Feedback from participants indicates that dilemma training has helped them to recognise the ethical dimension of leadership. They respond that the tools and concepts are highly relevant in relation to the challenges that occur in the working environment they return to after leadership training. Keywords: business ethics, leadership training, dilemma Introduction The purpose of this article is to present a pedagogical approach to dilemma training for business managers and leaders. In the past ten years we have been responsible for ethical training sessions in programs designed to help individuals develop their leadership skills. We have used elements from moral philosophy in attempts to cultivate the participants’ theoretical understanding of the morally challenging situations they can encounter in their practice as managers and...
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...This paper examines the challenges of making ethical decisions as a social worker. The purpose of this case study is to identify ethical dilemmas social workers may be faced with. This paper provides available ethical strategies and models to utilize in determining ethical resolutions. What are the ethical dilemmas presented in the case example? Provide a rationale for why you identified specific issues as an ethical dilemma. In the social work profession it is inevitable that as social workers we will be faced with ethical dilemmas. Social workers are responsible for maintaining the commitment to be ethical, and the promise to ensure each client’s well-being. An ethical dilemma involves two or more conflicting issues. Being culturally diverse and understanding the NASW Code of Ethics are two methodologies that can help to identify your ethical obligation as a social worker, and hopefully help you make the right choices when faced with an ethical dilemma (NASW, 2007). There are a number of key concepts to consider pertaining to the duty and obligations of social workers (Roberts, & Watkins, 2009, p. 115). In case study 1.7 Believing an Emotionally Disturbed Child, the social worker is faced with several dilemmas. One of the main dilemmas is whether or not to report the abuse allegation described to the psychologist by seven year old Mary. The psychologist reported the allegation to the social worker rather Children Protective Services (CPS). Not only does the...
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...Workplace Ethical Dilemma BSHS/332 March 11, 2013 Dr. Rina Wallace Workplace Ethical Dilemma Workplace dilemmas and issues occur often and ranges from a simple disagreement to complicated issues. Understanding the diversity of issues may present dilemmas for the organization; however, identifying, and correcting these problems will help prevent the organization from suffering loss. Employees will make decisions each day within a business, from the top level-managers to the lower-level managers, and even with lower-level employees. No matter the position, each employee has exposure with facing the risk of an ethical dilemma at some time. Some ethical decisions are more confusing than others and many cannot comprehend the complication of the issues. Recognizing how to resolve ethical issues in the workplace can enhance the effects of the decision-making process. In addition, it will help to maintain the employee and the business in good standing in the public’s sight and the law. Ethics involve a persons’ appreciation of worthy principles, ideals, goals, and values (Freeman, 2000). Workplace Dilemma As a mail carrier for the United States Postal Service (USPS) for over 30 years I have seen some unethical dilemmas. Many employees have lost jobs resulting from theft, falsifying documents, cheating, abuse, and sexual harassment. Recently, a particular incident took place between a male and female employee. Each regular carrier has a particular route each day...
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...Ethical Dilemma Research Paper SCLA 10 Due Date: ______________________ To make decisions about complex ethical dilemmas you have to ask yourself some difficult questions: What is fair? What is reasonable? How much is enough? What is right and what is wrong? It requires you to look at your own core values in order to answer these questions. For this assessment, you will research a current ethical dilemma of your choice. Part One: What is the ethical dilemma? Explain the history of the dilemma and explain both sides of the dilemma. Part Two: Where do you stand on the ethical dilemma? What does your stance say about your internal compass? Websites: The following are just a couple websites to get you started. As you search, beware of inaccurate, even fanatical, websites. Many people out there feel strongly about these issues and post their feelings, not necessarily the facts. Look for “.org”, “.edu” and “.gov” for more reliable results. Mr. Goerner will probably add to our list as well. Dr. Blatner is a psychiatrist and posted an extensive list of ethical questions that will really get you thinking. Yes, it’s a “.com” website, but he is not posting facts, just questions to ponder. It’s a great place to start if you haven’t picked a topic yet. http://www.blatner.com/adam/psyntbk/ethicissues.htm The BBC (British Broadcasting Company) is a reputable source for news and contains info on some interesting ethical questions. http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/guide/ ...
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