...asks you to stop breastfeeding your baby or go somewhere else because it is making other customers uncomfortable. (Haelle) Again, what do you do? Most people support breastfeeding, saying that it is “natural and good.” However, breastfeeding in public is a completely different situation. Some are 100% on board, others are 100% opposed to the act. (McKinney) I completely support public breast feeding. It is completely within your legal rights to breastfeed in public, without covering yourself, within the United States. In fact, state laws explicitly say “a woman has a right to breastfeed in public” and “(specify) that the act of breastfeeding is not indecent exposure” (CDC). Even though breastfeeding in public is legal, for some, there is still a negative stigma around it. Some consider breast feeding in public to be indecent exposure. This is because of the double standard involving the female breast (Donovan). We live in a society in which women’s breast have been extremely sexualized through movies, television shows, and advertisements. For example, within a mall one will probably see posters of Victoria’s Secret models in just their bras, watching TV a Hardee’s or Hooters commercial may play, and walking down the street one might see a woman in a low cut top. I have no problem with this. If this is how Victoria’s Secret, Hardees, Hooters, and the woman walking down the street want to present women and more specifically breasts, I’m fine with that. My issue is with the double...
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...Professionalism: Improving Education of Nurses on the topic of Breastfeeding NUR 3100 Professor Garcia Abstract Without breastfeeding, an infant looses valuable health and nutritional benefits. The mother also has the potential to develop serious complication derived from labor. Through adequate education nurses, become more competent in encouraging and educating new mothers to breastfeed. The purpose of this paper is to explore and define the themes, roles and philosophy of Aurora University’s School of Nursing. These themes, roles and philosophies are important because they give nurses’ knowledge for which to base their professional careers on. With this base nurses are better prepared to educate the community of women on breastfeeding. Nursing Professionalism: Improving Education of Nurses on the topic of Breastfeeding In the professional nursing field nurses are expected to carry out the philosophies, themes, and roles of the nursing field. Aurora University’s School of Nursing outlines the importance of the themes, roles and philosophy so their students can one day provide patients with exemplary care. Without fully understanding the themes and roles of nurses, students will not be able to provide competent care. The roles of a nurse can be applied in many areas. One area in particular is in educating women about breastfeeding. In order for nurses to fully educate new mothers about breastfeeding, nurses must first have adequate education themselves. Nursing...
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...Qualitative Exploration: Barrier to Breast- Feeding in Obese Women Grand Canyon University: NRS 433V May 1, 2016 Introduction American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statement. (2005) “Breastfeeding to baby is great accomplishment to protects the health of babies and their mothers. With support from their families and communities, as well as from nurses, mothers are more likely to be able to breastfeed their babies”. Making decision whether or not to breast feed or formula feed is personal. According to leading health organizations, “the most babies should have only breast milk for the first 6 months of life and continue breastfeeding for at least 12 months”. Many medical authorities, including the American Academy of Pediatrics (APA) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist, strongly recommend breastfeeding to infants. Jarvis (2012) recommended breastfeeding for full term infants for the 1st year of life because breast milk is ideally formulated to promote normal infant growth and development and natural immunity. According to Hauff and Demerath (2012), “The obese women are less likely to initiate and more likely to stop earlier breastfeeding”. Background of Study: The study team members highlighted mix decision making barrier on breastfeeding. Mainly, privacy, birth complications, and not enough support from breast-feeding specialist are barriers to breastfeed to their babies. The study team also found that all women had wished for breast...
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...Qualitative Exploration: Barrier to Breast- Feeding in Obese Women Grand Canyon University: NRS 433V May 1, 2016 Introduction American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statement. (2005) “Breastfeeding to baby is great accomplishment to protects the health of babies and their mothers. With support from their families and communities, as well as from nurses, mothers are more likely to be able to breastfeed their babies”. Making decision whether or not to breast feed or formula feed is personal. According to leading health organizations, “the most babies should have only breast milk for the first 6 months of life and continue breastfeeding for at least 12 months”. Many medical authorities, including the American Academy of Pediatrics (APA) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist, strongly recommend breastfeeding to infants. Jarvis (2012) recommended breastfeeding for full term infants for the 1st year of life because breast milk is ideally formulated to promote normal infant growth and development and natural immunity. According to Hauff and Demerath (2012), “The obese women are less likely to initiate and more likely to stop earlier breastfeeding”. Background of Study: The study team members highlighted mix decision making barrier on breastfeeding. Mainly, privacy, birth complications, and not enough support from breast-feeding specialist are barriers to breastfeed to their babies. The study team also found that all women had wished for breast...
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...I plan to initiate a skin to skin policy in the operating room during cesarean sections. Infants will stay with their mothers in the operating room and will have the opportunity to participate in skin to skin. A.2. Discuss why the Current Nursing Practice needs to be Changed. Approximately 30 percent of deliveries at Willow Creek are performed via cesarean section. Currently, when a mother has a cesarean section, mother and infant are separated for several hours immediately following birth. Separating mother and infant immediately after birth affects them both negatively. Mothers who experience skin-to-skin are more likely to exclusively breastfeed. Infants who experience skin-to-skin immediately after birth have better breastfeeding success, experience quicker body temperature regulation, and bond well with their mother. “Term newborns who are placed skin to skin with their mothers immediately after birth make the transition from fetal to newborn life with greater respiratory, temperature, and glucose stability and significantly less crying. Being skin to skin with mother...
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...women's experiences of breastfeeding as illusions of compliance: an interpretive phenomenological study, conducted by Spencer et al (2014). The criteria that will be met in this essay are application and appreciation of principle of research to nursing and health care and the difficulties involved in data collection, analysis and how this can affect research outcome, demonstrating the capabilities required to review a published article. The above will be achieved with the help of step by step (Ryan et al, 2007) which will cover the writing style, Authors, Report title, Abstract, statement of the phenomena of interest, purpose of study, literature review, theoretical framework, Method, Sample, Ethical considerations, data collection/analysis, Rigour, findings/discussion, conclusions/implication and recommendation and References. The authors in this article used research question "How is breastfeeding manifest in the experience of women?" participants on this research are mothers aged from 16 years old and above who have had given birth to a healthy term babies and have initiated breastfeeding at the birth of their youngest baby and breastfed for at least eleven days. 22 women took part in this research. They agreed to be interviewed after being given information about the study by their Health visitor. Data for this study was collected from July 2009 to January 2010. The interview question was neither structured nor unstructured. Ethical approval was granted by...
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...Introduction Prior to the early twentieth century, women had only two choices for how to feed their infants: they could breastfeed their infants themselves, or they could seek out a “wet nurse.” In the 1920s, a third option was introduced in developed nations—infant formula, a manufactured alternative to breast milk. Depending on its audience, this alternative was seen as a lifesaving option, a modern way to feed a child or a shameful health risk. Many people who have heard about the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes have expressed interest in knowing more about it. Baby food for the infants is the most sensitive one. Doctors suggest exclusive breast feeding for the infants. But for some cases like sickness, temporary disablement or for any other reasons mothers cannot breast feed to their babies. And for that they have to choose infant formula for their infants. Like any other products, parents of infant go through a selection process to choose a baby food. The purpose of this document is to provide concepts and terms of business ethics regarding marketing infant formula or baby food in the developed and low developing countries. Some of the scenarios of Bangladeshi baby food industries have also been analyzed. What is the International Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitute The Code is a set of recommendations to regulate the marketing of breast-milk substitutes, feeding bottles and teats. The Code was formulated in response to the realization...
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...Executive summary Breastfeeding is not only a lifestyle choice but also an important health care choice. Any amount of time that a mother can do it will help both her and the baby. Many benefits of breast milk are noted for mothers, babies, and others. Breast milk has disease-fighting cells called antibodies that help protect infants from germs, illness, and even SIDS. Infant formula cannot match the perfect chemical composition of human milk, specifically the cells, hormones, and antibodies that fight disease. The private practice of lactation consultants has increased over the last decade. According to the CDC (2006), the rates of breastfeeding have slightly increased. Healthy People objectives for breastfeeding in early postpartum period, at six months, and 12 months are 75%, 50%, and 25%, respectively. Healthy People 2010 objectives for exclusive breastfeeding through three and six months of age are 40% and 17%, respectively. National data on exclusive breastfeeding are available only from respondents interviewed after 2005 and thus are not available for children born prior to 2003. The Private Practice of Lactation Consultants (PPLC) will provide care and assistance to any mother who is breastfeeding regardless of financial ability to pay. The need for lactation consultants outside of the hospital settings are need for the long-term care of mothers who choose to breastfeed for longer than the initial newborn period. Problems with breastfeeding tend to appear as...
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...companies in the pharmaceutical industry and Nestlé. Nestlé easily got a high market share in the industry. The general health problems in the aftermath cause a great impact on babies. The number of sick babies increased all the time after the Second World War, because there weren’t the needed minimum required measures of neatness for babies, like sterilized nipples, clean water, clean environments, etc. So breastfeeding wasn’t enough to keep a baby healthy over those years. The infant formula seemed to be a good solution providing the enough amounts of nutrients for a baby. The problems started after the meeting of infant-feeding practices in 1970 and 1972, Bogota and Paris, where a resolution was made: “The report concluded that breast milk was the best food for infants and, if in sufficient supply, would satisfy the need of a child up to 4-6 months. In cases where breastfeeding was insufficient or impossible, the use of nutritional substitutes was encouraged”. The debate created some years before these meetings and the years after seemed to be an ethical issue, of whether if babies must be fed with the infant formula or with the breast milk. The objective of infant formula was misunderstood as a way of replacing the breast milk, most companies including Nestlé, published some policies about is as the one showed in the exhibit 4 of the article {Harrison, N. (1990). Nestlé Alimentana S.A. - Infant Formula (Abridged). Harvard Business School Publishing } where Nestlé...
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...Q1. What ethical issues arise in this case? After reading the case study, I came up with 3 issues related to unethical behaviour. * Misleading advertisement * Targeting vulnerable third world countries * Neglecting uneducated third world countries Misleading advertisement The most unethical practice in my opinion was to advertise Nestle’s product in third world countries without proper knowledge and expertise in this market. What Nestle did was they used to send sales people working on commission to the mothers of new born babies and offer them free samples. However, after a period of time when the samples were gone, the mothers used to dilute it with water from local rivers which in many cases served as a local toilet and laundry which resulted in diarrhea and other related illnesses. Many parents believed that the bottle itself had a nutrient value and didn’t even mix the formula. This kind of advertisement resulted in revenue loss of Nestle Company for a few decades. Targeting vulnerable third world countries Nestle knew what market they target, but they weren’t prepared for it, from which resulted in an ethical issue. The main issue is that they couldn’t send the right message to the third world consumers. Nestle wanted to westernise the third world countries, but in result they ended up in “killing babies”. (Caryn L. Finkle, 1993-1994) Neglecting uneducated third world countries The problem that people didn’t understand, is that the less developed...
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...CONTENTS 1.0 Methodology Section 1 2.0 Introduction 2.1 Company History and Background 2.2 Mission and Principle 3.0 Stakeholder Analysis 3.1 Ethical theory Section 2 4.0 Dilemmas 4.1 Starbucks Cup Recycling 4.2 Starbucks Coffee Bean 4.3 The Dorosin Issue 4.4 Breastfeeding in Starbucks 4.5 Financial Loss 4.6 Starbucks Water Waste Section 3 5.0 Best practice 5.1 Official Website / information 5.2 Stakeholders 5.3 Environment 5.4 CSR – Corporate Social Responsibility Section 4 6.0 Recommendations 1.0 Methodology In this report will show that the ethical issues facing by Starbucks and the solution which can help Starbucks overcome the issues of Starbucks facing. Except researched the official website of Starbucks, but also viewing external agencies and individuals, journals and text books. Based on these sources, so author will be able provide an overview with objectivity of Starbucks organization. Besides, author appoints a stakeholder analysis, appropriate theory for state the better ways for Starbucks organization. In the beginning, it will show the company history, background and principles of the Starbucks organization. Based on these information can be enhance reader more understanding the Starbucks organization and find out what has been done or done in future and why Starbucks make these decisions. 2.0 Introduction Business Ethics can be define as the examination of the variety of problems that can arise from the business...
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...The WIC program provides mothers that have an inadequate income that are eligible, with monthly benefits on a card. The WIC program is means tested and is only available to those who qualify. Eligibility is limited to postpartum women, pregnant women, breastfeeding women, infants, and children of low-income families deemed to be at nutritional risk by a professional authority. In addition if a child or person is at nutritional risk, and their family qualifies for SSI, federal free and reduced lunch, or SNAP food benefits they are also eligible. The WIC program is designed to meet the immediate nutritional needs for the specified target population. However, the program has a long range goal of improving the nutritional health of women, infants, and...
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...BRIEF HISTORY Nestle Alimentana, Vevey, Switzerland, the world’s largest food processing company is the subject of controversy and international boycott for allegedly causing mass deaths of babies in the third world all because of their irresponsible advertising approach and marketing activities. To appreciate better the problem here are some of the significant events of the controversy. * 1974- British journalist published a report that suggested that powdered formula manufacturers contributed to the death of third world infants by hard-selling their products to people incapable of using them properly. * Nestle immediately banned its infant formula advertisement in some markets. * 1977- Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility in New York compiled a case against formula feeding in developing nations, and the Third World Institute launched a boycott against many Nestle products. * 1978- Nestle implements total advertisement ban worldwide. * 1981- World Health Organization drafts a CODE to regulate advertising and marketing of infant formula. * May 1981- Nestle announces it would support the Code. * February 1982- Nestle issued to Marketing personnel to follow the Code to their best understanding. * May 1982- Nestle formed Nestle Infant Formula Audit Commission (NIFAC) to review the company’s instruction to field personnel to determine if they could be improved to better implement the Code. * October 1982- Nestle accepted NIFAC recommendation...
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...Studying the Impact of Prenatal WIC Participation on Infant Mortality Grand Canyon University Introduction to Nursing Research NRS-433V Kathy Skromme August 15, 2014 Studying the Impact of Prenatal WIC Participation on Infant Mortality Infant Mortality is a barometer of a community or nation’s health. Globally the poor have higher infant mortality rates (IMR) than those with greater resources. In the United States, there are many programs designed to bridge the gap between the poor and rich, and reduce infant mortality in those with less access to resources. Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is one such program and has had substantial impact on IMR in the poor in the US. The study performed by Khanani, Elam, Hearn, Jones & Maseru, “The Impact of Prenatal WIC Participation on Infant Mortality and Racial Disparities”, examined the value of WIC as a public health intervention which sought to improve birth outcomes and reduce racial disparities. In 2011 24,000 infants died in the United States. (CDC, 2012). The rate of death for non-Hispanic Black infants was twice the rate of non-Hispanic White infants. There were five leading causes of infant death identified by the CDC, which were: 1. Born with serious birth defects 2. Born too small and too early 3. Victims of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) 4. Affected by maternal complications of pregnancy 5. Victims of injury Healthy People 2020 has used the baseline from 2006 of 6.7 infant deaths...
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...such as chief executive officers, senior executives, and board members is significantly low in large, publicly-held companies. Women are not only underrepresented in the United States but all around the globe. Multiple surveys were conducted by the Pew Research Center concluding the general finding that “according to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men and the same can be said about their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom.” Yet, 43 percent of women are held to higher standards in regards to top executive business positions and 38% of women in regards to high political offices. What causes the absence of women leaders in corporate governance? Do the causes follow ethical guidelines? Looking at the Pew Research Center survey, a major reason that more women are not in top executive business positions is because they are healed to higher standards than men and many businesses are not ready to hire women for top executive positions. A minor reason is that family responsibilities get in the way of women committing time to run a major corporation, women do not have access to the same kinds of connections as men and women are less likely to ask for promotions. A couple common misconceptions that people tend to believe are reasons that women do not make it to the top but actually turn out to not be considered as reasons are that women are not touch enough for business and they do not make good managers...
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