...1) Ethical and conceptual issues Current research and research results It is increasingly recognized that within many areas (e.g., disability and handicap), conceptual issues and ethical issues about proper conduct and underlying values are highly intergrated. The treatment of ethical and policy issues depends on the content of the concepts employed and, at the same time, many central concepts are informed by moral opinions and, as a result, contested on ethical grounds. Taking this intergration of conceptual and ethical issues seriously from a research point of view requires that they are very strongly interconnected, i.e. mere studies of the way in which concepts are in fact informed by moral opinions and social values is not siffucient. Outright normative analyses of underlying ethical views need to underpin suggestions with regard to the way in which central concepts should be employed in policy contexts. This has been recognised in research on the basic ethical issue of what should be seen as the basic determinant of the quality of life or well-being (Brülde 1998, 2006), as well as research on applied ethics of relevance for disability (Brülde 2003; Munthe 1996, 1999; Juth 2005; Juth & Munthe 2006), and concepts such as happiness, health, illness, and mental disorder (Brülde 2000, 2006a, 2006b). Research on several of the conceptual issues has demonstrated how they are strongly connected to ethical problems related to health care policies and public health practices...
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...Paper Administrative ethical issues occur in health care today such as patient privacy, confidentiality or HIPAA. It is best to resolve this type of issue because patient privacy in health care is very important. These policies are designed to protect the rights of patients by making sure personal information of the patient is not disclosed in any way. Protecting a patient’s privacy by way of disclosing personal information and is not to be released without personal formal consent. Also, of employees discussing patient information on the job to people with no knowledge of the patient or even off the job. Many health care organizations enforce privacy policies such as HIPAA and confidentiality although all employees do not abide by such policies. It is being found that more frequently that people from these health care organizations are breaking these policies and their must be changes to provide patients with protection. Administrative ethical issues of the HIPAA Policy within health care organizations must make necessary changes to appropriately protect the rights of patients. The issue at hand is that of health care organizations properly protecting the rights of their patients. The article that will be discussed in this paper is that of OCR issues proposed Modifications to HIPAA Privacy and Security settings (Frank Irving, 2004). The population that is affected by it most has been impacted by such ethical issues brought upon by employees of health care organizations. The...
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...PUBLIC HEALTH COMPETENCIES A. BIOSTATISTICS Biostatistics is the development and application of statistical reasoning and methods in addressing, analyzing and solving problems in public health; health care; and biomedical, clinical and populationbased research. Competencies: Upon graduation a student with an MPH should be able to… A. 1. Describe the roles biostatistics serves in the discipline of public health. A. 2. Describe basic concepts of probability, random variation and commonly used statistical probability distributions. A. 3. Describe preferred methodological alternatives to commonly used statistical methods when assumptions are not met. A. 4. Distinguish among the different measurement scales and the implications for selection of statistical methods to be used based on these distinctions. A. 5. Apply descriptive techniques commonly used to summarize public health data. A. 6. Apply common statistical methods for inference. A. 7. Apply descriptive and inferential methodologies according to the type of study design for answering a particular research question. A. 8. Apply basic informatics techniques with vital statistics and public health records in the description of public health characteristics and in public health research and evaluation. A. 9. Interpret results of statistical analyses found in public health studies. A. 10. Develop written and oral presentations based on statistical analyses for both public health professionals and educated lay audiences. B. COMMUNITY...
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...Nurses and other health care providers are constantly challenged to make ethical decisions about life and death issues in providing care to individuals, families and communities. To be relevant and ethical, these decisions need to be considered in the broader context of personal, societal, cultural and professional values and ethical principles (Fry & Johnstone, 2002). Tesfamicael GhebrehiwetThe nursing profession uses regulatory mechanisms, codes of ethics and other means to ensure ethical behavior. For example, The ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses asserts, “Inherent in nursing is respect for human rights, including the right to life, to dignity and to be treated with respect” (ICN, 2000, p. 2). To locate ethical issues within the context of nursing, it is vital to understand the International Council of Nurses (ICN) definition of nursing itself: “Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well and in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled, and dying people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participating in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles” (ICN, 2005). This definition incorporates the three components of bioethics as outlined by Fry and Johnstone (2002), including norms of nursing practice, expansion of knowledge, and advocacy...
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...Ethical and Legal Responsibility of an Organization Chadwick Slaughter Walden University The issue of public policy has changed dramatically over the years and the privacy of consumers has received considerable attention. The evolution of the Internet has produced a number of diverse concerns regarding the issue of confronting consumer protection for both international and domestic consumer privacy. High profile organizations are exposed to many breaches of personal information and puts these particular organizations are at risk of reputational damage and understanding the scope of an organization’s responsibilities for information security professionals is an absolutely essential. IT security professionals play an important roles managing liability for privacy and security risks for an organization in today’s world where hefty reparations can be bestowed to plaintiffs who place lawsuits upon organizations. Damages can range from big to small and can sometimes be retaliatory. Minimizing liability and reduce risks for an organization from physical and electronic threats can be a daunting task for information security specialists. This specialist must thoroughly comprehend the current legal environment, regulations, laws, and stay current with emerging issues regarding the responsibility of securing not only the companies’ vital information, but also consumers and users alike. An organizations responsibility to educate all employees all obligations and the proper use of...
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...Sarah Kate Powell Health 2030- Section 002 Lee Crandall 19 November 2015 The Issues With Individuals In Society Having The Responsibility To Pay For Insurance That Covers The Cost of Contraceptives When It’s Against The Individual’s Personal Or Religious Beliefs Introduction: The term “ethics” can be derived from the Greek term ethos that means habit, custom, disposition or character. Ethics is defined as “a system of moral principals and a branch of philosophy which defines what is good for the individual and society. “ (Ethics, 2014) It is a collection of concepts acquired from philosophies, cultures, and religions. Some of these ethical concepts include the principals of autonomy, beneficence and social justice. Ethics provide a moral pathway in which individuals pick to find their way out of difficult issues. Individuals have many different derived concepts, or moral pathways, controversies that cause ethical dilemmas can become apparent. Such dilemmas can be seen in the health care delivery system of the United States and the policies that are enforced within it. One ethical argument in particular that poses issues and controversy regards society having the responsibility to provide or fund insurance that covers the cost of contraceptives when it is against the individual’s personal or religious beliefs. Ethical Dilemma/ Policy Issue: The term “conscientious objection” is the refusal to perform a legal role or responsibility because of personal beliefs. Conscientious...
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...BSN, RN Technology Integration: Stem Cell Research Stems cells are the building blocks of the human body. Stems cells are valuable because of their capability to develop into other cell types. Studies have been conducted that suggest that stem cell could be used to repair or regenerate damaged organs or tissues and treat an assortment of medical diseases, such as diabetes, or Alzheimer’s along with the development of new medications. Three types of stems cells exist embryonic, adult, and foetal, which are found in human tissue and animals. This paper will highlight ethical dilemmas of stem cell research. It will also stress the effects stem cell research has on global health. The paper will also feature health policies on stem cell research in the United States and how these policies differ from international policies. Ethical Dilemmas Posed by Stem Cell Research Several ethical issues need to be considered on the use of this type of research, such as the safety, legality, and morality of stem cell research. Stem cell research requires the general population to pick among two moral principles. The first one is the obligation of preventing and alleviating suffering and the obligation to respect and value human life. The use of embryos for stem cells research results in “...the destruction of blastocysts formed from laboratory-fertilized human eggs” (Mukhopadhyay, Tokas, & Mathur, 2011, p. 283). This means that one must destroy an embryo to obtain this stem cell...
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...Administrative Ethics HCS/335 Health Care Ethics and Social Responsibility June 3, 2013 Anthem Blue Cross is a major health insurance provider with approximately 800,000 customers and has more individual policyholders in California than any other insurance provider in the United States ("Anthem BlueCross BlueShield," 2012). Anthem Blue Cross has informed some of its San Francisco base policyholders that their medications will only be available through mail order. A Consumer Watchdog group is working with a patient, for privacy reasons he does not want his identity to be known, to sue Anthem Blue Cross for discrimination. I will discuss the issues and its significance on the most effected population of the policy change, the arguments or facts used to support a proposed solution with Anthem Blue Cross and the Consumer Watchdog group, and the ethical and legal issues reported for administration. I also will explain the managerial responsibilities related to administrative ethical issues, and identify any proposed solutions. Anthem Blue Cross had informed its policyholders that their medications will be only be available by mail if they want them to be paid for. That means patients cannot directly communicate with their pharmacists on a personal basis and pick up their prescriptions at their discretion. HIV/AIDS patients believe that their relationship with their pharmacist is critical to their health care, especially in San Francisco where there are some of the most...
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...Legal and Ethical Issues Relating to Business Information Introduction I this task I’m going to explain the legal and ethical issues in relation to the use of businesses information and also I’m going to explain operational issues as well in the last park of the task i going to analyse the legal ethical and operational issues using appropriate examples . Most people do not feel safe in putting or giving their personal details on different social networks like Facebook and Twitter and another organization who uses the personal detail from the people or customers , the reason being of many hackers invading other people's privacy this also can happen with many businesses as well such as Tesco ,Asda e.g. if they do not have a security system to keep them safe . Legal Issues These are various items of legislation to protect the use of business information. Data Protection Act 1998 is one of the legal issue business information. Many businesses store use information about people. The Data Protection Act protects information held about people from being misused. The information stored by businesses on databases must be: ✓ Obtained fairly and lawfully ✓ Used only for the purposes stated during collection ✓ Adequate, relevant and not excessive in relation to the intended use ✓ Accurate and up to date ✓ Not kept for longer than necessary ✓ Processed in line with your rights ✓ Subject to procedures to prevent unlawful processing, accidental loss, destruction...
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...pages) of the values and ethics of a public policy issue by doing the following: 1. Analyze a health or nursing profession public policy issue that impacts a group of people and requires a policy change. a. Discuss why you selected this public policy issue. Note: If you select a local policy, be sure your discussion reflects how the policy will affect more than a single unit, department, or organization. b. Discuss the relevance of the public policy issue to the health or the nursing profession, using two pieces of academically appropriate literature from the last five years. c. Describe the financial impact of the public policy on an organization or on a community. 2. Analyze how your values impact your position on the public policy issue. a. Discuss the ethical principle (e.g., autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice) or theory that underpins your perspective. Prepare your reflection essay (suggested length of no more than of 3 pages) of the values and ethics of a public policy issue by doing the following: 1. Analyze a health or nursing profession public policy issue that impacts a group of people and requires a policy change. a. Discuss why you selected this public policy issue. Note: If you select a local policy, be sure your discussion reflects how the policy will affect more than a single unit, department, or organization. b. Discuss the relevance of the public policy issue to the health or the nursing profession, using two pieces...
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...University of Phoenix Health Care Ethics and Social Responsibility HCS 335 December 17, 2011 Introduction - The American Medical Association (AMA) has improved public health, invested in the doctor and patient relationship, and promoted scientific advancement for more than 160 years. The history of the AMA is an important narrative, which demonstrates the role the members and the institution have played in the United States in the development of medicine. Public health betterment and the science and art of medicine are the mission of the American Medical Association. In this paper we will describe the code of ethics, general perspective, and mission statement of the American Medical Association. Mission statement American Medical Association goal is to “To promote the art and science of medicine and the betterment of public health.”(2). They have a couple of values they promote as a company. They are Leadership, Excellence, and Integrity and Ethical Behavior. American Medical Association strives to be professional and helpful to patients on all public health issues. General perspective The AMA promotes healthy lifestyles and will continue to develop and conduct scientific research and disseminate to doctors clinical resources related to the treatment and prevention of health issues for the public, like alcohol, and other drug abuse, violence prevention, and obesity. The American Medical Association stands committed to stopping the ethnic and racial health care disparities...
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...Ethical Health Care Issues In 1953, two scientists James Watson and Francis Click published the description of the double helix structure of the DNA. Little did they know that voyage from the double helix to The Human Genome Project (HGP) would become a reality. Fifty years later in 2003, National Institute Health accomplished mapping of 32,000 genes of the human genome. Gene mapping was a significant research that enabled researchers to focus on gene specific diseases and birth defects. More than 1000 research projects started inward voyage discovery of human kind rather outward exploration of the planets. Clinical research involving human beings have greater potential for risk of misusing the technology. Potential for misusing the genetic research and fear of unknown long term effects on the successive generations have sparked bioethics debates. Like abortion, gene mapping is a very controversial subject and both sides have strong views. For example, should a woman abort the pregnancy based on the abnormal genetic screening results? Genetic technology provides an enormous power within our grips and with this enormous power comes following the ethical standards. Ethical standards should be followed involving human subjects. Genetic screening standards should align with four ethical principles of: • Respect for the human autonomy, dignity, and obtaining informed consent • Genetic screening should cause the minimal amount of harm to the subject • Provides maximum benefit to...
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...their companies by demonstrating a better image and professional reputation. This situation has led to define the value proposition of the engineer as a social construction within his/her professional profile. For this reason, professional associations in engineering should pay attention to an aspect often forgotten: ethics. That is why this essay will discuss the case called Incident at Morales. This film showed several ethical issues which some of them are the following: market pressure to design and construct a new plant in a short period of time and lowering the budget, company was more concern about the final product instead of...
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...2011 Mr. Carmon Administrative Ethics Paper Privacy and confidentiality are important elements in the work of healthcare professionals. Ethical and legal issues may arise if providers fail to properly handle the protected health information of patients. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 established guidelines for maintaining the privacy and confidentiality of patient data. The guidelines include the procedures that should be followed for the disposal of protected health information. This paper will be concerned with an article on the disposal of protected health information that was published in the June 1, 2011 issue of Managed Care Outlook. In the article, Niedzwiecki (2011) discusses the conditions under which it is appropriate to shred documents that contain protected health information. Niedzwiecki (2011) focuses on the problem of what should be done with paper originals after a patient’s private information has been placed in an electronic format. The basic solution to this problem is to shred sensitive paper documents before disposing of them. However, there is more to this issue, because some paper documents do not need to be disposed of and still others should not be disposed of. Therefore, as Niedzwiecki (2011) proposes, healthcare organizations should have a clearly stated policy regarding when documents should be shredded and when they should not be shredded. In supporting this argument, Niedzwiecki (2011) refers to the...
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...Ethics: Health Care and Social Responsibility HCS 335 Deborah Laughon February 5, 2012 Administrative Ethics Abstract of Article: Administrative Ethics and Confidentiality/Privacy Issues This article presents a case study highlighting the conflict between an individual’s right to privacy and the rights of patients and staff to know when a professional standard has been breached. The process by which the administrator determines a course of action is reviewed in the context of workplace realities through an ethical analysis. The growth of information systems and the increased involvement of third parties in decision-making have created new issues regarding confidentiality and the release of sensitive information for health care personnel who are in a position of public trust. The issues facing nursing administrators are complex, and of particular concern are the conflicting demands of providing quality care with limited resources. The authors identify strategies to deal with the workplace issues that give rise to the potential for abuse as well as the strategies to support an impaired colleague who attempts to reenter the workforce (Badzek, Mitchell, Marra, & Bower, 1998). Introduction When asking the general public what health care ethics and health care privacy mean, most will relate that they are about protecting patients. Health care ethics and health care privacy do exist to protect patients and to ensure that care is delivered with moral and ethical standards...
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