Ethical issues on confidentiality and privacy of patients
According to American nursing association article regarding patients medical information’s privacy and confidentiality shows us “Advances in technology, including Computerized Medical Databases, The Internet and Tele-Health, have opened the door to potential, unintentional breaches of private /confidential information of patients, so nurses and other health professionals who regularly work with patients and their confidential medical records should contribute the development of standards ,policies and laws that protect patient privacy and confidentiality of health records .” Due to the fast advancement of technology, it is very hard to protect our privacy in the areas of medical sectors. Many people have access to patient’s medical records including the attending physician, house staff, student, consultant, nurses, social workers, pharmacists, billing staffs and insurance company employees. Although computerized medical records have vital roles to improve the access to medical information efficiently, they allow more serious breaches of confidentiality. For example, confidentiality can be violated at any computer station, and fax and e-mail also present opportunities for confidentiality to be broken.
I think in my opinion, keeping medical information confidentially shows respect for patents that except physician to maintain confidentiality, and it plays a vital role in improving employees ethics at work. Furthermore, maintaining confidentiality also has beneficial consequences for patients and for the doctor –patient relationship. It encourages people to seek medical care and discuss sensitive issues; moreover, treatment for these conditions benefits both the individual patient and public health. On the other hand, confidentiality prevents harmful consequences to patient, such as stigmatization and discrimination in many ways; as a result, patient might fear that employers will gain access to their health information and discriminate against them.
Although many traditional theories give different important point of views about ethical issues, there are two best theories that I would like to choose to solve the problems of confidentiality and privacy: The Utilitarian and The Right Approaches .First of all, I realized that those two traditional theories are the best approaches to compromise many ethical issues that are directly related to privacy and confidentiality in a good manner. According to “Utilitarian is a theory in normative ethics holding that the proper course of action is the one that maximizes utility defined as maximizing total benefit and reducing suffering or the negatives. Moreover, “Focus on the consequences that action or policies have on the well-being of all persons directly or indirectly affected by action or policy”. We should focus on the result of unethical behaviors that are done by many unprofessional employees at many work places because they might affect individual patient’s privacy and the hospital good will and reputation because most patients need to have privacy while they are in hospital, so medical centers and hospitals should develop strong policies and regulations to reduce the problems of privacy and confidentiality by using different techniques and tools. Second, according to the “Right Approach” focuses on respect for human dignity. This approach holds that our dignity is based on our ability to choose freely how we live our lives, and that we have a moral right to respect for our choices as free, equal ,and rational people, and a moral duty to respect others in the same way”. Furthermore, Patients have the right to protect their privacies and confidentialities because it has a vital role to protect the federal laws and regulations in many ways.

References
-American Nurse Association. (7, 2015).Privacy and confidentiality. Retrieved from http: http://www.nursingworld.org/position/ethics/privacy.aspx
-Principles and Theories. (n.d.). Retrieved February (7, 2015).Retrieved from http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/kabernd/indep/carainbow/Theories.htm