...The Fine Line Between Art and Truth Photo manipulation has been around for over a century, but the recent focus on Photoshop has caused news photography to be looked at in a new light. As a result, pictures that have been manipulated have been called into question, and therefore have had a significant effect on the credibility of various forms of print media. In this new age of media, where circulation is down and corporations are cutting employees, credibility is a much talked about commodity. Although photo manipulation has a great effect on the credibility of media, it should be considered an art form and given a certain amount of freedom. To accurately understand the argument, the history of pre-Photoshop manipulation opens the paper, followed by modern manipulation and the backlash it has caused, what credibility is, how newspapers are addressing photo manipulation, and how modern manipulation should be handled and the standards that it is held to. Photoshop is a tool that has made the practice of photo manipulation both easy and affordable. But what is photo manipulation? It is simply altering an original image, taking the negative or digital image and changing it in some way. This practice has always been common, as photographers have enhanced lighting or used filters to eliminate a certain color. However, in the context of this paper most of the examples addressed deal with the current, narrower view of photo manipulation. According to the 2006 edition of Merriam...
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...Jour 575-Media Ethics and Social Issues Theories for Mass Media Team Projects Teams and topics will be posted on 09/09 Each team will present and lead discussion for 30 minutes First team starts on 09/24 PowerPoint or pre-approved alternative for presentation and discussion Each Team Member must also submit A five-page paper on the topic A confidential peer review of each other team member Team Projects Topic will usually be a Chapter/Case Study in the book Team is expected to go beyond what is in the book to provide additional information and analysis regarding the case study topic. Analyze case study in terms of major foundational ethical theories and major journalism ethical theories. Authoritarian theory of the press: The function of the press is to support the policies and actions of the state, and its authorities. The press should foster social solidarity and national unity. The state has the right to control the press for the overall public good. In many cases, controlling the press means preventing the press from embarrassing the existing government, to repress criticism and protest, and to severely restrict press freedom. The authoritarian view was prevalent in 17th century Europe where publishing came under the prerogative and censorship powers of the monarch and church. The authoritarian theory is embraced today by many leaders of non-democratic states. Libertarian (or liberal) theory of the press: The...
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...between thought and reality’ (Heidegger, 1943:1) Objectivity is not the same as impartiality or fairness or balance although all these words are often used as if they were interchangeable. Impartiality means acting fairly because you are not personally involved or have put to one side your personal views or feelings. The elimination of bias. Fairness means acting in a reasonable, just or right way. Balance means arranging things in equal or correct proportions to one another. But objectivity is different. Objectivity means based on facts or evidence, not feelings or opinion. Objectivity requires evidence and verification. It's more than just attempting to be neutral. (Richard Sambrook, 2004) Key Words: Objectivity, Journalism, Facts, Truths, Journalistic Values Putting facts and truths together One of the most troublesome aspects of the debates around objectivity and facts in the way that the concept of object is given a dual role: that of a view of the world, but also a way of representing and communicating truths. This gesture treats the word “objectivity” as short-hand for “objective reality” as well as a mode or method of perception of this reality. This fusion of reality and perception narrows the space between facts and truths. It closes down a very important philosophical area that has been explored by many movement and...
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...pertinent to every single individual who uses the internet in this day and age to keep themselves updated on the news around the world and who would inevitably be the viewers of this article as well. This article is an argumentative piece in which the author tries to rationally present both sides of the argument as to whether the mass upsurge in what she has termed as ‘citizen’s journalism’: the average citizen publishing news and views on the internet, in the recent times, is beneficial or detrimental to our society. She presents the two opposing points of view; in which the proponents claim that this form of journalism is by the people for the people as they include both the users as well as the contributors of information due to which there is no apparent gap in perspective in emanation and subsequent interpretation. The writer also claims that the veracity of this genre of journalism is not affected by the factors such as profitability, marketing image etc and this allows these accounts to be presented as unvarnished as possible. On the flipside, the detractors of this argument claim this form of journalism has ushered in an era of informational overload which has significantly affected the quality of information that is present on the internet. The authenticity of the information provided by anonymous resources is also a serious cause of concern as the...
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...2.1.1. Introduction of Key Definitions and Concepts According to KOTHARI, C.R., (2014) explain the aim of the Literature Reviews as ‘The basic outcome of this review will be the knowledge as to what data and other materials are available for operational purposes which will enable the researcher to specify his own research problem in a meaningful context” This brief review of the literature provides an overview of the research focuses on the study on how far social media affects the mainstream media journalism ethical principles which include truth, fairness, balance, objectivism and accuracy as a key elements of professionalism and how the journalist used social media in their dail activities. Aim of reviewing literature...
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...Ethics of journalism Main article: Journalism ethics and standards The ethics of journalism is one of the most well-defined branches of media ethics, primarily because it is frequently taught in schools of journalism. Journalistic ethics tends to dominate media ethics, sometimes almost to the exclusion of other areas.[1] Topics covered by journalism ethics include: * News manipulation. News can manipulate and be manipulated. Governments and corporations may attempt to manipulate news media; governments, for example, by censorship, and corporations by share ownership. The methods of manipulation are subtle and many. Manipulation may be voluntary or involuntary. Those being manipulated may not be aware of this. See: news propaganda. Photographers crowd around a starlet at the Cannes Film Festival. * Truth. Truth may conflict with many other values. * Public interest. Revelation of military secrets and other sensitive government information may be contrary to thepublic interest, even if it is true. However, public interest is not a term which is easy to define. * Privacy. Salacious details of the lives of public figures is a central content element in many media. Publication is not necessarily justified simply because the information is true. Privacy is also a right, and one which conflicts with free speech. See: paparazzi. * Fantasy. Fantasy is an element of entertainment, which is a legitimate goal of media content. Journalism may mix fantasy and...
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...Introduction to Ethics The media instrumental to today’s society media has taken society to unforeseen places that have expanded its networking and influences to other regions of the country and around the globe. Media is the oldest form of communication. It affects the way some individuals examine society. It also has strength the way of communication. Media is instrumental to today’s society with an overwhelming responsibility. With the impact as big as the one media plays in our everyday lives we need to be aware of the values, beliefs, and the decisions we hold near and dear to us as a society. Everyone depends on information and communication to keep their lives moving. The media is responsible for the information that we gather. We trust the media authority to number one to educate us; two entertain us, and three to inform us. With the rapids growth that the media has on society and individuals there needs to be a healthy balances in the way in which the media depict situations to our society. The media is able to share public opinions it is also responsible for feeding and sharing the innocent and young minds of our children. These effects are viewed as being strong and direct to society as a whole. The media has obviously become a bigger influence in our society, but is this change for the best? With that kind of influence what level of responsibility do the media holds to our society. Traditional the media attempted to balance ethical, accuracy with reporting...
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...Because public relations has roots in journalism and many of its practitioners were once journalists, there is an unfortunate tendency to apply journalism standards to public relations. It is, however, misguided and unfair to both professions. Despite using similar skills, the two fields are fundamentally different and seek different ends. Their ethical standards are also very different. That should not be interpretted as meaning that one of them is better than or worse than the other; they're just different, and it is important to understand those differences. PR and journalism have some similarities, but . . . The Society of Professional Journalists (SPJ), the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA), and the International Association of Business Communicators (IABC) ethical guidelines all agree about the importance and value of such key concepts as truth, accuracy, fairness, human rights, freedom of speech, and democratic principles. But, that can be somewhat misleading. The underlying differences between public relations and journalism are far more basic and far more critical than these similarities in what they value. According to their own professional codes and standards, there are fundamental differences in whom they represent and whose well-being they most directly serve. DIFFERENCES!!! Journalism serves the general public, and journalists are expected to act in the public's best interests even if such actions have detrimental effects on their employers. ...
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...Write a short essay on Druids and similar priests in Europe B.C. In this essay I will compare the druids, so the Celtic religion to the Greek ancient religion. There are similarities but most of the items are differences. Druids were the priests of the Celtic tribe. They had great power because of their spread of belief and for the role they had in the society. First of all, they could go over a ruler. So the druids were acting like judges, advisers, doctors but also as magicians or poets. Druids had ceremonies of mistletoe that involved animal sacrifice it was also a tradition for the Greek tribes. They both thought that their gods need them to pay in some form of a sacrilege. But the druids were also known for the human sacrifice. They strongly believe in the soul that is not dying but it takes another body. This sacrifice it was an act of bravery, of approaching god. Also the druids had this Underworld, were to be found fairies as the guardians. Greek priests were not forming a college of priests like the druids, they were separated. Each priest had his deity to worship and they remain devoted to that only god. “The priest’s role was not that of a rabbi or pastor – he tended not the worshipers but the deity. He would serve only the cult of one deity, and his authority as priest was limited to the cult of that deity. “ As for the rituals, priests would deliver prayers; they had libations all in a religious ceremony. The animal sacrifice was often closed with the analysis...
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...Thesis Statement The combination of Ethics and Social media is complicated. What people say online is considered their written word. Professionals often struggle with befriending clients or co-workers. Subordinates sometimes feel pressure when their bosses request friendships. The Social Media frenzy has given professionals the opportunity to communicate with clients online but the rules of confidentiality are sometimes vague. Mass media and ethics in today’s society raises many concerns as decisions are made daily involving ethics and such decisions possess the ability to impact the lives of millions of people, whom read, watch, listen, or browse through a media source outlet. To prevent a formal code of ethics from being broken through mass media, in this case-social media, it is important to understand ethical compliance, especially in the workplace. I. Legal and Ethical Issues associated with Social Media A. Privacy Policies 1. Copyright, Piracy and Libel are all issues directly associated with the ethics of social media. Using someone else’s words or speaking negatively about someone in a way that harms their reputation presents a gray area for social media users. 2. Websites are often constructed to defame someone’s character. There is virtually no way to keep people from going live with these sites. Minimal judgments have been issued mandating the removal of defaming information from websites. II. Social Media and Educational Facilities A. Student Confidentiality...
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...for news, and sensationalism passes for journalism” (Bernhardt, Naked Justice). This quote shows that not because the media publishes something does it mean that it is important or relevant to current events since the media manipulates and publishes what it wants for selfish purposes. The media is also a business, and like any business, its goal is to make profits, and sometimes it uses questionable tactics to do it, for instance, publishing inappropriate content, intentionally omitting facts, and including insignificant and irrelevant information. There are situations in which the media publishes obscene, harmful, vulgar, and offensive...
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...noticeable that it has been the most read and talked about part of the newspaper. It addressed divert and discrepant issued for almost two decades and brings question and doubt to the minds of the readers. It has been the past time of the students who doesn’t have anything to do and those who are anxious to know the people behind those unpredictable blind items. The purpose of which is supposedly to address the problems regarding the professors, administration, facilities and staff of the university. But now it is just a comic-like part for entertainment purpose only. This research will revolve on discerning the accuracy and reliability of Heraldo Filipino: Kampusapsuapan, it will also dig deeper the rules of media ethics and if they exercise responsible journalism. According to Oquias (2012), Heraldo Filipino is publishing Kampusapusapan for more than two decades and yet many issues are still coming. It is funny how a student can express and communicate his feelings towards his professors in a one whole page article which can be read by almost every student, administrators and the professor itself. Unfortunately, the officials of the schools do not do anything to resolve the alleged issues published in Kampusapusapan, which is why this section of the paper is a big help to the university as an eye opener. The point of view of Oquias in his article is...
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...Memorandum TO: Bell Media Ethics Committee FROM: Xiao Feng Huang (Charles) DATE: Wednesday June 6, 2012 SUBJECT: Media Ethnics Policies Recommendation This memorandum examines three ethnical problems and possible solutions regarding gathering and presenting “news”, defined in a report of recent events or information. The objective of any media organization is to provide the public with news reports that “seek and report the truth, encourage civic debate to build our communities, and serve the public interest.”i stated in principle by the Canadian Association of Journalists. We will address three ethnical issues brought to our attention related to editorial bias, anonymous sources and attribution, and respect for the right of privacy. Furthermore, we will examine one of three ethical paths presented in today’s journalism. They “defend freedom of expression and freedom of the press”ii The three ethical paths include amoral, which can be defined as not questioning what is right or wrong or inserting moral standard in the reporting. Secondly, immoral involves the violation of journalistic code of conduct or principles. Lastly, moral concerns conforming to the rules, norms and acceptable journalistic codes of conduct, which will be our main focus. In this context, morality includes the ethical responsibilities such as not abusing its press freedom, avoiding unnecessary harm to any subjects, being truthful...
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...FA 1041 Black & White Photography 12/18/2012 Ethics in Photojournalism Photojournalism is a way of telling a story that can often be more effective than a 1,000-word article. The images that are captured can change the emotions quite vividly of those who are viewing the picture. The best photojournalists will not only capture an image that tells the story, but the images also have to be aesthetically pleasing, include some action and take in emotion. Photojournalists take their images from interesting angles, and they provide depth of field that catches the eye of those who are viewing it. But there is more to being a photojournalists than just a storyteller and an artist, they also have to decide when taking a photo is going too far, and when it is necessary to telling a story. The artistic elements only scratch the surface of the complexities of being effective photojournalists. These storytellers must look out for touchy subjects and taste, and they look to balance effective journalism with good taste. Ethics is a major part of journalism. The images are extremely powerful, as they get to a lot of people and are responsible for shaping culture in various ways. The types of judgment calls that occur with photojournalism are represented through images such as those that were captured when people jumped off the side of the World Trade Centre when the building was on fire after the terrorist attacks. Other tough calls include the Vietnam war, when a naked girl walked...
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...Russell Yarmus 10/18/13 COM 450 Ethics Essay Within the vast world of communication in this country, there are many aspects of ethical issues that present themselves within each field. Media practitioners of all sorts face these ethical dilemmas often, especially when dealing with honestly reporting or relaying information to their surrounding society. Specifically the individuals, who work in journalism, the news, or public relations, face these issue within their code of ethics on a daily basis. Journalists and news agencies have an obligation to their field and society to report the information they have gathered truthfully and absolutely impartially to the people. If a journalist reports a story about someone that is bias or untrue, they are breaking the code of ethics within their field. Although many people view the news and journalism as two totally different forms of reporting, both have to use the same code of ethics when reporting a story. With so many different sources of news outlets and journalists in this country, we often may hear slightly different information between outlets while dealing with the same story. If all news outlets are supposed to report what they learn truthfully, impartially and fairly then the facts within a report should not change depending on the news outlet it is coming from. Media bias is something that has been going on since the beginning of media practice in this country. There are many factors that can make one news outlet...
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