...and Intellectual Property Three Ethical Issues When looking at PharmaCARE’s relationship with the Colberians, you see that the company’s treatment of the indigenous population is unethical. In terms of intellectual property, the scenario in Assignment 2 highlights the exploitation of the Colberians. While the indigenous population freely shares their information about their cures, the company exploits them by not compensating them for their shared knowledge. According to labor laws, companies should work ethically and treat all of their employees fair -- not equal, but fair. Some employees, based on their position and level of responsibility, should be paid more and should receive better perks than others. However, the company is earning millions of dollars from the knowledge being shared by the healers, and its executives live in luxury with swimming pools, tennis courts, and a golf course, while the Colberians continue to live in huts without electricity or running water. If the company compensated the healers for their intellectual property, the Colberians could improve their living conditions. PharmaCARE is taking advantage of this group of stakeholders because the healers are uneducated, ignorant to intellectual property laws, and do not know the true value of the information they are sharing with PharmaCARE. According to authors S.C. Jain and R. Bird, the Trade-Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is considered the most relevant intellectual property...
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...Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Property LEG 500 August 26, 2014 Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Property Ethical dilemma may be defined as a situation where one has to make a decision but the decision to be made has some impact on either of the choices taken. In different organizations, there are times where a manager may be faced by ethical dilemmas that he or she is supposed to look into. The process may be difficult since the manager has to deal with such situations without discriminating on any individual. Any activity that relate to business management in relation to the society, consumers, and the business itself should consider all ethical issues relating to the environment. It is important for business owners to alight ethical issues to their business plans. Ethical issues may relate to advertising and marketing, regulation of product safety, and intellectual property. Marketing and advertising, relating to any industry in the market, may have different forms of ethical issues. For example, advertising may be unethical when the content in the advertisement has unethical issues such as the use of harsh language or pictures that may not be pleasant to all age groups (Ashcroft, 2007). It is important for advertising agencies to consider all ethical factors while posting any advertisement to the public. In addition, marketing may lead to unethical issues...
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...Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Property Name: Hanadi Rabadi Course: LEG 500 Professor: Gus Weekley Date: 09/01/2014 Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Propertyt Inreduction Ethical dilemma may be defined as a situation where one has to make a decision but the decision to be made has some impact on either of the choices taken. In different organizations, there are times where a manager may be faced by ethical dilemmas that he or she is supposed to look into. The process may be difficult since the manager has to deal with such situations without discriminating on any individual. Any activity that relate to business management in relation to the society, consumers, and the business itself should consider all ethical issues relating to the environment. It is important for business owners to alight ethical issues to their business plans. Ethical issues may relate to advertising and marketing, regulation of product safety, and intellectual property. Marketing and advertising, relating to any industry in the market, may have different forms of ethical issues. For example, advertising may be unethical when the content in the advertisement has unethical issues such as the use of harsh language or pictures that may not be pleasant to all age groups (Ashcroft, 2007). It is important for advertising agencies to consider all ethical factors while posting any advertisement to the public...
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...3 Legal, Ethical, and Professional Issues in Information Security Learning Objectives • Upon completion of this material, you should be able to: – Describe the functions of and relationships among laws, regulations, and professional organizations in information security – Differentiate between laws and ethics – Identify major national laws that affect the practice of information security – Explain the role of culture as it applies to ethics in information security Principles of Information Security, 4th Edition 2 Introduction • You must understand scope of an organization’s legal and ethical responsibilities • To minimize liabilities/reduce risks, the information security practitioner must: – Understand current legal environment – Stay current with laws and regulations – Watch for new issues that emerge Principles of Information Security, 4th Edition 3 Law and Ethics in Information Security • Laws: rules that mandate or prohibit certain societal behavior • Ethics: define socially acceptable behavior • Cultural mores: fixed moral attitudes or customs of a particular group; ethics based on these • Laws carry sanctions of a governing authority; ethics do not Principles of Information Security, 4th Edition 4 Organizational Liability and the Need for Counsel • Liability: legal obligation of an entity extending beyond criminal or contract law; includes legal obligation to make restitution • Restitution: to compensate for wrongs committed by an organization...
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...Code of Conduct Preface “Don’t be evil.” Googlers generally apply those words to how we serve our users. But “Don’t be evil” is much more than that. Yes, it’s about providing our users unbiased access to information, focusing on their needs and giving them the best products and services that we can. But it’s also about doing the right thing more generally – following the law, acting honorably and treating each other with respect. The Google Code of Conduct is one of the ways we put “Don’t be evil” into practice. It’s built around the recognition that everything we do in connection with our work at Google will be, and should be, measured against the highest possible standards of ethical business conduct. We set the bar that high for practical as well as aspirational reasons: Our commitment to the highest standards helps us hire great people, build great products, and attract loyal users. Trust and mutual respect among employees and users are the foundation of our success, and they are something we need to earn every day. So please do read the Code, and follow both its spirit and letter, always bearing in mind that each of us has a personal responsibility to incorporate, and to encourage other Googlers to incorporate, the principles of the Code into our work. And if you have a question or ever think that one of your fellow Googlers or the company as a whole may be falling short of our commitment, don’t be silent. We want – and need – to hear from you. Who Must Follow Our Code...
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...Legal and Ethical Consideration in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Property Terra Bradley LEG500, Law, Ethics, and Corporate Governance Professor Lateefah A. Muhammad 17 March 2014 Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Property In this paper I will identify three ethical issues relating to marketing and advertising, intellectual property, and regulation of product safety. I will argue against Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) marketing by drug companies. Next I will determine who regulates compounding pharmacies under the current regulatory scheme, what the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) could or should have done, and whether the FDA should be granted more power over compounding pharmacies. I will decide whether PharmaCARE’s use of Colberian intellectual property would be ethical in accordance with Utilitarianism; Deontology; Virtue Ethics; my own moral and ethical compass. Afterwards, I will analyze the way PharmaCARE uses U.S. law to protect its own intellectual property while co-opting intellectual property in Colberia. Then I will suggest at least three ways the company could compensate the people and nation of Colberia for the use of its intellectual property and the damage to its environment. I will compare PharmaCARE’s actions with those of at least one real-world company whose creativity in skirting legal technicalities led to ethical lapses and financial loss. I will also determine the...
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...The development of a code-of-ethics: IT challenges Geraldetta Lovelace Northcentral University The development of a code-of-ethics: IT challenges The problem to be investigated is the development of a relevant and effective code of ethics to address the ethical use of and the ethical issues related to the use of Information Technology (IT). The use of IT, like every innovation that has the potential to change lives for good, also has the potential for harm, however IT “seems to create more ethical challenges than other kinds of technology” (Brooks, 2010, p. 2). To be proactive, ethical issues involving IT need to be addressed by educational programs as well as businesses and professional IT organizations. Discussed herein are ethical challenges presented by the four issues of concern identified by technology managers: security, privacy, intellectual property and electronic monitoring of employees (Brooks, 2010, pp. 1, 2). Security In this context, security refers to maintaining the integrity and confidentiality of data by putting protective measures in place to prevent destruction and/or unauthorized use. Security issues involve internal as well as external forces. Hacking is usually thought of as being an external force, but can be an internal force as well. Any act of accessing a computer system and/or information without the authority to do so is considered hacking. Whether the information attained is used for good or evil, is another issue and does not negate that...
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...Class Policies: Attendance Policy Students are expected to attend all regularly scheduled classes. Should absences be necessary, students are responsible for the material covered during the absences. Faculty cannot grant requests for excessive amounts of make-up material, and they may request written documentation detailing the reason for the absences. Excessive absences make it almost impossible for a student to meet the academic objectives of a course; they frequently cause a student to receive a lower grade, even though, the absences were unavoidable. Strayer University requires all faculty members to take attendance during each class period and to record it accurately on their permanent roster. This data is available for verification of attendance by the appropriate governmental agencies and educational accrediting organizations. A student who is absent from four consecutive class meetings, excluding holidays and emergency cancellation of classes, will be withdrawn automatically from that course. A student will be withdrawn automatically from a mini-session course when he/she misses two consecutively scheduled class meetings. Students not attending scheduled on-ground classes will receive zero points for the weekly discussions. Students arriving to class (or leaving class) more than 30 minutes late/early will receive a 2 point deduction for all discussions. Students arriving (or leaving class) more than 1 hour late/early will receive a 5 point deduction for all...
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...and Intellectual Property LaMeka Wright Strayer University LEG 500 June 11, 2014 Samuel Christian, Jr. Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Property Being a worldwide successful company takes a lot of hardworking individuals to make this happen. When running a successful company, you will want to make sure you are functioning in an ethical manner and are abiding by the law. “PharmaCare is one of the world’s most successful pharmaceutical companies with a reputation as a caring, ethical, and well-run company that produced high-quality products that saved millions of lives and enhanced the quality of life for millions of others” according to the scenario. However, there has been some unethical behavior going on that involves issues relating to marketing and advertising, intellectual property, and regulation of product safety. This paper will discuss some ethical issues relating to marketing and advertising, intellectual property, and regulation of product safety; argue for or against Direct-to-Consumer marketing by drug companies; determine who regulates compounding pharmacies under the current regulatory scheme, what the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) could/should have done in this scenario, and whether the FDA should be granted more power over compounding pharmacies; decide whether PharmaCare’s use of Colberian intellectual property would be ethical in accordance with utilitarianism, deontology, virtue ethics, ethics of care...
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...Ditto Inc. Code of Ethics Tanner Hammontree (Quality of Service, Protecting the Environment, Safe Workplace, Confidential Information, Intellectual Property, The Network, and Use of Ditto’s Equipment and Facilities) Titus Hayden (Integrity, Usefulness, Privacy and Security, Preserving the Community, and Equal Opportunity Employment) Jaren Holt (Drugs and Alcohol, Inventions, Accepting Gifts, Entertainment and Other Business Courtesies, and Use of Ditto Products and Services) Derrick Meyers (Values of the company, Services our company offers, Simply who are you and what do you stand for, Ensure Financial Integrity and Responsibility, Anti-Bribery Laws, Competition Laws, Obey the Law, Signing a Contract, Spending Dittos Money, and Ensure Financial Integrity and Responsibility) English 3606-003 Ms. Adams February 11, 2015 Who Must Follow Our Code? What If I Have a Code-Related Question or Concern? No Retaliation. We at Ditto want to say that “You are the Key to the Future” and expects all of our employees, Stockholders, and Board members to know and comply with the Code of Ethics. If you can not uphold the code of ethics and Failure to do so can result in disciplinary action, including termination of employment and subject to...
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...LEG500, Law, Ethics, and Corporate Governance Strayer University LEG500 13 Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety and Intellectual Property PharmaCare, week10 Assignment LEG500, Law, Ethics, and Corporate Governance Strayer University LEG500 13 Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety and Intellectual Property PharmaCare, week10 Assignment Review of PharmaCARE/CompCARE To first establish whom each entity is; PharmaCare is one of the world’s most successful pharmaceutical companies. A compassionate, decent well operated business that manufactured high-quality goods that saved millions of lives and increased the condition of life for millions of others. PharmaCare designed a top-selling diabetic medication that could have reduced the progression of Alzheimer’s disease; their pharmacist began reformulating the drug to increase the effect. CompCARE came into being in order to steer clear of FDA investigation; PharmaCARE created a wholly owned establishment, CompCARE, to function as a compounding pharmacy to sell the new creation to people on a prescription basis. CompCARE set up business in an upscale administrative center near its main corporate office, and to conserve money and time, did a quick, low cost makeover and appointed a man by the name of Allen Jones to run the operations’ clean room. * Research three to five ethical issues relating to marketing and advertising, intellectual property, and regulations...
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...Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Property Kellie L. Plowden LEG 500 Doris Mitchell December 12, 2013 Everyone knows that direct- to consumer-marketing is focused on the patients. There are a lot of ways to get the attention of these patients. Advertising can be done through social media, print, radio, television, and word of mouth. “Prescription direct-to-consumer advertising has become a highly scrutinized and researched topic in healthcare marketing,” (Rollins, B.L., King, K. Zinkhan G., & Perri, M., 2011.). Banning direct-to-consumer would be very beneficial. The reason is because of the misconception and manipulation that it can cause the public. Especially when the elderly began focusing on what is being said. “The PhRMA “Guiding Principles” say that DTC ads should foster responsible communications between patients and health care professionals to help patients achieve better health.” (Stange, K.C., 2007). However, manipulating the public by distributing placebos to one group of people and the actual drug to another group of people is a bad way of communication. People who are on the state boards regulate compounding but the federal also has a part in it. According to Roth, “The FDA’s Office of Criminal Investigations (OCI) is working to monitor the schemes that have been going on with the compounding pharmacies.” Even though the FDA is aware of how law resources are needed, and how to direct the compounding...
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...Mike Young Instructor: James Michael Hughes Ethics 13 December 2011 Ethics and Piracy “Ethics is everything … If you don’t have a strong moral standing, if you don’t have an ethical foundation, you just crumble” (Shays). Computer Information Systems is a job category that is projected to be growing through the next ten years according to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. Computer technology gives an IT (Information Technology) Professional access to computer software and other sensitive information and ethics could determine how an individual may deal with these items on a day to day basis. Should businesses and individual be allowed to pirate software? Pirating continues to be a topic of concern for the future of technology. According to dictionary.com ethics is “that branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions” (Dictionary.com). “The more specific term “computer ethics” has been used to refer to applications by professional philosophers of traditional Western theories like utilitarianism, Kantianism, or virtue ethics, to ethical cases that significantly involve computers and computer networks. “Computer ethics” also has been used to refer to a kind of professional ethics in which computer professionals apply codes of ethics and standards of good practice within their profession” (Bynum). Pirating...
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...Code of Research Conduct and Research Ethics Code of Research Conduct and Research Ethics Foreword by Pro-Vice Chancellor Research The University of Nottingham‟s Code of Research Conduct and Research Ethics provides a comprehensive framework for good research conduct and the governance of all research carried out across the University. The Code underpins the University‟s commitment to maintaining the highest standards of integrity, rigour and excellence in all aspects of our research and for all research to be conducted according to the appropriate ethical, legal and professional frameworks and standards. The Code is a fundamental component of the research environment which is characterised by our culture of research integrity, good research practice, and the development and training of researchers at all stages of their careers. The Code outlines the duty of researchers including their responsibilities towards all participants and subjects of research including humans, animals, the environment and cultural materials, and it provides a basis for the transparent and appropriate communication and dissemination of research findings. The University welcomes the national framework for good research conduct and governance published as the Concordat to Support Research Integrity and endorses the Concordat as a recipient of public funding for research. This Code has been reviewed to be consistent with the commitments and aims of the Concordat and is the basis for applying...
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...CHAPTER 3 Emerging Business Ethics Issues Chapter Objectives • To define ethical issues in the context of organizational ethics • To examine ethical issues as they relate to the basic values of honesty, fairness, and integrity • To delineate abusive and intimidating behavior, lying, conflicts of interest, bribery, corporate intelligence, discrimination, sexual harassment, environmental issues, fraud, insider trading, intellectual property rights, and privacy as business ethics issues • To examine the challenge of determining an ethical issue in business Chapter Outline • Recognizing an Ethical Issue • Ethical Issues and Dilemmas in Business • The Challenge of Determining an Ethical Issue in Business Recognizing an Ethical Issue • An ethical issue is a situation or a problem that requires thought, discussion, or investigation to make a decision • Failure to do so puts corporations at great risk Honesty • Honesty: Truthfulness or trustworthiness • Dishonesty: A lack of integrity, incomplete disclosure, or an unwillingness to tell the truth Fairness and Integrity • Fairness: The quality of being just, equitable, and impartial – Equality – Reciprocity – Optimization • Integrity: One of the most important terms regarding virtue. It means uncompromising adherence to ethical values Ethical Issues and Dilemmas in Business • An ethical issue is a problem or opportunity that requires an individual or group to choose among actions that are evaluated as ethical...
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