...Sex Sells and Ethics “In our day to day lives, we always face situations were we have to make decisions and decide what is right and wrong. We are always faced with the debate of what is moral or immoral, ethical or unethical”[The Ethical Dilemma of Advertisements]. Is it ethical to implement the ideal “sex sells” within Marketing? In order to answer the posed question, one must first define ethics. Ethics as outlined in Marketing the Core is “the moral principles and values that govern the actions and decisions of an individual or a group”. Although ethical choices stem from your personal moral philosophy, which can be categorized into two ideals: moral idealism, a “personal moral philosophy that considers certain individual rights or duties as universal, regardless of the outcome”[Marketing the core]. Where as utilitarianism is a “personal moral philosophy that focuses on the ‘greatest good for the greatest number’”[Marketing the core]. Sex appeal can be defined as messages, whether as brand information in advertising contexts or as persuasive appeals in marketing contexts, which are integrated with sexual information, in particular, this appeal can be defined as the degree of nudity or sexual explicitness in an Ad, It can be found in the visual, audio, and verbal elements of advertisements.[Liu&Li&Cheng2006] In Mark Levit’s Article: Sex in Advertising: Does it Sell? he explains “Sex appeal can increase the effectiveness of an ad or commercial because it attracts...
Words: 876 - Pages: 4
...The Ethics of Marketing The Use of Alcohol, Sex, and Children Business Ethics 11/23/2013 Introduction The American Marketing Association defines marketing as, the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. (www.marketingpower.com) This practice dates back to the 1450’s when the Gutenberg invented the first movable type, which allowed mass printing to be possible for the first time. Marketing and advertising has since evolved from magazines, to billboards, radio, television, telemarketing, print ads, and now with the digital age booming, has become a hyper competitive industry where companies will do just about anything to attract a customer. Doing “just about anything” is where marketers and advertisers operate on a very thin line as to what is considered ethical. This strategy now includes tactics such as the use of alcohol, sex, and the targeting of children to attract consumers. Companies use the power of beer advertisements at college sporting events, sexually explicit advertisements in venues viewed by children and teenagers, and use the developing minds of small children as targets in the advertising of certain products. While these strategies may be legal, they are not always ethical. In this paper, I will challenge the use of content, tactics, perception, and target audience, while applying ethical tests and theories...
Words: 5845 - Pages: 24
...that, morals are introduced to us as youth. As we evolve into young adults we encounter other influences, decide what makes most sense to us as individuals, and we start to develop our own morals/ethics. Our surroundings also play a large part in our moral approach. In the book Elements of Moral Philosophy it was explained that psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg developed a scenario that was presented to random individuals in order to gage their moral beliefs (Rachels, 2003). The scenario involved a guy whose wife was fatally ill. The guy knew a pharmacist who was selling a medication that could cure his wife’s illness. The pharmacist was selling the drug for significantly more money than what it cost to produce the drug and more than what the husband could afford. The pharmacist would not agree to sell the medicine to the husband for any less than the offered price and would not allow a payment plan. The husband is now contemplating stealing the medication. The question is would he be wrong for doing so? This scenario was pitched to two people, a young boy and a young girl. The boy expressed that he didn’t feel it would be wrong for the husband to steal the medication the female disagreed. I feel that this example strongly shows the difference between males and females morals and ethics. A female is raised to morally feel to do no wrong, whereas a male thinks in a completely different way. The two opinions were than discussed by feminist Carol Gilligan who determined that the young...
Words: 828 - Pages: 4
...conflicts as an individual goes through the changes associated with this stage. Based on society, females, usually between the ages of 14- 19 (teens to young adulthood) go through many difficult changes based on their sexual development. Sexual behaviors in the teenage years are usually considered as cohort and ethic differences. Everyone has their own beliefs and ideas of how things should be, what is right from wrong, what could be done and what shouldn’t be done. Many people see things differently from how others see them. One could think something is okay to do while another person completely looks down upon it. Because of society, many females go through the pressure of making the right decisions while their body is going through many physical, emotional and mental changes. While hormones are raging, females are suppressed to be under birth control or control how they feel. Some people think a female should be on birth control just because she will be safe, some think a female shouldn’t be on birth control because it either gives her the right to have sex or because of the long term effects. Some people believe in abstinence while others believe in safe sex....
Words: 740 - Pages: 3
...identity is entirely a political and ethical construction. Men should refuse the current model of masculine sexual identity, and learn one built on a different set of ethics that is not based on female objectification and dominance. Stoltenberg argues that we are not born belonging to one or the other of two sexes, but instead we are multisexed. Each persons genitalia is developed from exactly the same piece of tissue. “If you look at all the variables in nature that are said to determine human “sex,” you can’t possibly find one that will unequivocally split the species into two.” Gender is a socially constructed idea and while biological sex is a part of gender, it is not finite. In other words, being born with a penis or vagina does not biologically determine who you’ll be later on in life. People born with vaginas are taught to be girls and people born with penises are taught to be boys. This socially reproduced idea of categorizing two...
Words: 539 - Pages: 3
...report made by the National Police Misconduct reported in their Semi-Annual that there were 2, 854 law enforcement officers alleged to have engaged in misconduct. It also stated that there were 207 law enforcement leaders’ police chiefs or sheriffs that were cited in those reports. It included how many civilians that were involved in the law enforcement officer misconduct. It concluded that there were 2, 568 victims of reported police misconduct. (Packman, 2009) An example of police corruption in the United States happened in Missouri. An officer is accused of having sex with two women in exchange for not arresting them. The officer, Jeffrey Holmes visited a motel room to meet with a prostitute. The woman, identified as CC told investigators that once they reached the room, he proceeded to arrest her. The officer began touching CC and told her he had no money and took his pants off. She then interpreted as free sex. She feared that if she didn’t; she would go to jail. Another victim came forward and said that officer Holmes asked her if...
Words: 832 - Pages: 4
...Gender Wage Gap, and Sex Segregation Gender Exercise #1 During my investigation I noticed that the occupations that I am interested in pursuing cater mostly to males. The professions that interest me are Engineering, Chemistry, and Anesthesiology. I came across an article that discussed the pay differences between male's, and female's in the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) profession's. According to a data study provided by the American Chemical Society (ACS) male chemists earned thirty percent more than female chemists. The findings of their research showed that eighty-three percent of the wage gap is due to differences in work ethic, and productivity, while the remaining seventeen percent is because of discrimination, and other unmeasured allegations. The information that I obtained from the National Society of Professional Engineers, in 2004 there were approximately 192,900 female engineers (62,000 were software engineers) throughout the United States, compared to the overwhelming number of men in this profession, at over 1,515,000. Women are more likely to get hired in the environmental, and chemical engineering fields than men are. However, women are less likely to get hired in the mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering professions than men. In 2006 females made up approximately one quarter of all engineers under the age of 25 in the United Stated. After researching the field of Anesthesiology I found that...
Words: 347 - Pages: 2
...What substantive differences exist between the performance of male and female leaders? What perceived differences exist between the performance of male and female leaders? What do the answers to these questions mean for females that aspire to leadership positions? Substantive Differences A fair amount of research has explored sex differences in business leadership. Although mostly survey research, a number of themes appear consistently, suggesting that there are some substantive differences between men and women with regard to leadership performance. For example, with regard to global leadership, research by Javidan et al. (2016) suggest that women demonstrate stronger leadership self-efficacy (the importance of which is iterated by Locke & Latham, 2002; Hannah et al., 2008; Lester et al., 2011; Luthans & Peterson, 2002; Paglis & Green, 2002) profiles in regard to passion for diversity, intercultural diversity and diplomacy, while men tend to show strong leadership self-efficacies regarding global business savvy, cosmopolitan outlook and interpersonal impact. Women tend to behave more ethically than do men, and also tend to be more personable (Anonymous, 2013; Stedham et al., 2007). An article by Gannon (2012) discusses research showing that women leaders are judged as more supportive and rewarding, whereas men are judged to be better at such behaviors as delegating and managing up. Other research is described in the Gannon (2012) article,* suggesting that women leaders...
Words: 1640 - Pages: 7
...This may seem like harmless discovery but the use of ultrasound in countries such as India and China have caused a large discrepancies in the birth rates of males and females. In these countries ultrasounds are being used in sex selective abortions. Their use has amplified the social issue of female inequality to the extent that females are being killed off before they can be born. In 1901 in India there was 972 women for every 1,000 man, fast-forward to 2001 there was an estimated 933 women for every 1,000 man (unfpa.org). As this trend continues these countries are finding themselves in a dangerous social situation, and changes need to be made quickly. In India many efforts have been made to stop the use of ultrasounds for sex selection, for example in 1994 the Prenatal Diagnostics Techniques Act was enacted in attempts to ban the activity. In some states they have government incentives in attempts to entice families to keep their daughters. Despite their efforts the sex ratio is still coming down. Many Indian government officials and activist feel that GE and Wipro should take action to stop the use of ultrasound for sex selection, as they are India’s largest supplier of ultrasound equipment. The companies feel that they are not the cause of the sex selection abortion pandemic, but instead it is deep-rooted social issues that cannot be resolved by the companies. GE has recognized the social effect the ultrasound has had on the South Asian countries and has made efforts...
Words: 1627 - Pages: 7
...Method Design The design of the experiment is a non-experimental single sample design; this is because there is no independent variable. The experiment only contains two dependent variables, one dependent variable being the sex label and the other dependent variable being the gender pronouns. Participants The participants were all close friends or family of 1st year psychology students studying at Teesside University. In total there were six participants, four of which were female and 2 male. The age range of participants was 23-71 years old with a mean of 41.00. Each participant completed consent forms to adhere to The SSS&L ethics committee who approved this study. Materials The stimulus used in this experiment was a picture of a soft toy, participants were provided with a pen and paper to describe the toy. There where two questions used in the experiment to obtain gender bias results. Certain inanimate words where used within the first part of the study in order not to try and manipulate the participant’s way of thinking about gender of the soft toy. Procedure The researcher explained all procedures before experiment commenced. Participants were then presented with a picture of a soft toy, they were then asked to write 3 or 4 sentences describing the beginning of a story about the toy, using inanimate language. After completion of the short story, they were then asked a question of “State whether the animal is a boy or a girl?” The last question then...
Words: 293 - Pages: 2
...(2014). America’s Heroes and Darlings: The Media Portrayal of Male and Female Athletes During the 2014 Sochi Games. All Theses and Dissertations. Paper 4078. Retrieved from http://scholarsarchive.byu.edu English, J. (1978). Sex Equality in Sports. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 7(3), 269–277. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org. Jackson, S. (2012, August 3). What’s Wrong With The Media Coverage Of Women Olympians? – Role Reboot. Retrieved from http://www.rolereboot.org. Kfalcone93. (2014, September 23). Magazines Against Female Athletes: A Form of Propaganda? Retrieved from https://propagandacritic.wordpress.com Postow, B.C. (1980). Women and Masculine Sports. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 7, 51-58. Retrieved from http://homepage.westmont.f. Robson, D. (2004, December 5). Male & Female Athletes In The Media: Are They Equally Portrayed? Retrieved from http://www.bodybuilding.com Sports ethics. (2018). Sexualisation of Female Athletes in the Media. [online] Available at: https://ethicsofsports.wordpress.com/2015/11/21/sexualisation-of-female-athletes-in-the-media/ [Accessed 15 Feb. 2018]. Dana Hunsinger Benbow, D. and Star (correspondent), I. (2018). Skimpy difference: Women's athletic uniforms vs. men's. [online] Indianapolis Star. Available at: https://www.indystar.com/story/sports/[Accessed...
Words: 1060 - Pages: 5
...Homework Assignment #3 According to Hanna Rosin, women are becoming the more dominant sex in society. Rosen supports her argument by looking at the the ratio of 2:1 of parents desiring a female child over a male child, the majority of the workforce being female in the fastest growing career fields, and how the role of “provider” has shifted in today’s society. In the 70s Ronald Ericsson developed a method for determining what gender a child would be before it was born. He was able to separate the X and Y chromosome carrying sperm to decide which gender a parents offspring would have. He was sold on the fact that more parents would want males instead of females, given the fact that throughout history males have always been preferred and thought of as a more sought after gender for offspring. To his bewilderment, more parents requested female children than male. Over the course of time male offspring have been the most desired by parents. Some countries put to death female offspring, limited the amount of female offspring, and killed or excommunicated wives who failed to produce male offspring. However, the tides have now turned. We don’t live in a male dominated society anymore, women are completely capable of providing for themselves and the physical strength of males no longer holds the value it once did. A shift has turned in both supply and demand in the workforce of today. In early times men worked the field and tended to their flocks, their physical strength...
Words: 1266 - Pages: 6
...Case Study: GE Healthcare In India: An (Ultra) Sound Strategy? What are the basic facts? GE Healthcare India, a joint venture between General Electric (GE) and the Indian multinational Wipro Ltd., had ended the 2005-2006 year with a significant rise in sales of 10% since last year. They were the market leader in the $77 million ultrasound machine market, beating its competitors, which included Siemens, Toshiba and Philips. The president and CEO of GE Healthcare India, V. Raja read the newspaper headlines which described how government officials in Hyderabad had been confiscating ultrasound machines that they suspected were being used illegally to determine the sex of unborn children. The article featured a poster for GE ultrasound machines, a police officer wrapping up an ultrasound machine and a pregnant belly (Wicks, 2014). As a result of these news articles, 102 clinics had their registrations suspended, police seized 112 ultrasound machines and three suppliers, including Wipro GE Healthcare had been accused of supplying machines to clinics without registering them with the government. This controversy could affect GE Healthcare India’s sales for the next fiscal year and its reputation. What are the ethical issues? The 2001 Indian census revealed that there were 927 girls to every 1000 boys, down from 945:1000 in 1991 and 962:1000 in 1981. By 2001, 14 districts had a ratio of less than 800:1000. A 2006 study confirmed, after analyzing data from more than 1.1 million...
Words: 1129 - Pages: 5
...Review of Related Literature (Appendix C) Gender Differences Gender differences have become on the hotlist of critical issues around the world. Hausmann, Tyson, & Zahidi (2009) reported that there is no country in the world that has yet reached equality between women and men in different critical areas such economic participation or education. It is well accepted that there are no differences in the general intelligence or basic cognition between males and females, the issue is whether each category is innately better at certain, very specific, skills. The cognitive differences that have been put forward include men being slightly better than women at tasks that involve the mental spatial rotation of an object, spatial perception and visualization, and math problem solving. Women seem to score slightly better on tasks that involve visual memory, word and landmark recall and math calculations (Kimura, Doreen, 2002, Pinker, Spelke, 2005, Newcomb, Nora et. al., 2005). “It is important to remember, when we sees assertions such as these, that these are general trends and that not every individual is held to them. Although both men and women as populations tend to do better at certain tasks, the margin of difference is quite small”(K. Smythe, 2008) Male “In mathematics, boys and girls have similar results at the fourth and eighth school years in most countries. Boys' advantage emerges in the later school years and is especially noticeable among students who attend the...
Words: 1727 - Pages: 7
...International Journal of Social and Management Sciences Volume 2 Number 2 April 2009 ISSN 1504-8446 International Journal of Social and Management Sciences is a multidisciplinary peer-reviewed journal devoted to publishing research papers in all related fields of social and management sciences. Contents THE EFFECTS OF INQUIRY-BASED AND COMPETITIVE LEARNING STRATEGIES ON ACADEMIC PERFOMANCE OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN PHYSICS ................................................................................................ 4 PATIENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF DEPRESSION ETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT EXPECTATIONS IN A NIGERIAN TERTIARY HOSPITAL .............. 12 PARENTAL CHILD-REARING STYLES, HOME STABILITY AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL PHYSICS IN CROSS RIVER STATE OF NIGERIA ........................................................................35 MODEL JOB ANALYSIS AND DESCRIPTION FOR PUBLIC RELATIONS PRACTITIONERS IN KENYA..............................46 NOLLYWOOD, NEW COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND INDIGENOUS CULTURES IN A GLOBALIZED WORLD: THE NIGERIAN DILEMMA ......................................................................................................................................... 62 2 This Page is deliberately left blank 3 THE EFFECTS OF INQUIRY-BASED AND COMPETITIVE LEARNING STRATEGIES ON ACADEMIC PERFOMANCE OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN PHYSICS AFOLABI, FOLASHADE DEPARTMENT OF TEACHER EDUCATION FACULTY OF EDUCATION...
Words: 31554 - Pages: 127
