...Chapter 13 Breaking Up is Hard to Do: Nations, States, and Nation-States A. Logistics Students’ Time Requirements Activity 1: The Rise of Nationalism and the Fall of Yugoslavia Readings 60-90 minutes Fill in the blanks 75-90 minutes Activity 2: Iraqaphobia Readings 60-90 minutes Fill in the blanks 75-90 minutes The fill-in-the-blanks activity works very well as an in-class group project. It helps for students to be able to discuss the questions and readings with other students. If so, it is absolutely essential that students read the assigned articles in advance of the discussion. They will need to consult the readings to find pertinent passages, but if they are reading it for the first time during group work, they will either not finish or not contribute. I remind my students of this fact several times in the days leading up to the project. If students don’t finish during class, they can finish at home. If done in groups in class, you may wish to suggest that a different student act as recorder for each block of questions. Also, assign a different student to be the discussion leader/gatekeeper to keep the discussion on track and prevent any single individual from dominating the discussion. A third student could function as timekeeper. See Chapter 11 and 14 role-playing activities for further discussion of these tasks. Remind students that Balkan and Middle East politics are always changing and can get...
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...Appendix D Sunday, July 22, 2012 Tamara Harrison University of Phoenix Material Appendix D Part I Define the following terms: Term | Definition | Ethnic group | People of the same race or nationality who share a distinctive culture | Anti-Semitism | An attitude or policy of hatred and hostility towards Jewish people | Islamophobia | Prejudice against Muslims | Xenophobia | An abnormal fear or hatred of foreigners and strange things | Persecution | The act of persecuting or the state of being persecuted | Religious group | Individuals involved with or employed in religious denominations or organized religious groups such as churches, synagogues, temples, or mosques. | Part II Select at least 1 religious and 1 ethnic/racial group not your own from the list below. * Religious groups (based on http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/affiliations-all-traditions.pdf) * Christianity * Evangelical Protestant * Mainline Protestant * Historically Black Churches * Roman Catholic * Latter-Day Saints (Mormons) * Jehovah’s Witnesses * Orthodox (Greek, Eastern) * Judaism (Orthodox, Conservative, or Reform) * Buddhism (Theravada or Mahayana) * Islam (Sunni, Shia, Sufism) * Hinduism * Racial/Ethnic groups (based on divisions in U.S. Census Bureau documents) * Asian (Asian descent) * Black (African descent) * Hispanic and Latino (South or Central American descent) ...
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...Can There Be a Kurdistan The Kurdish people of southwest Asia represent one of the largest ethnic groups in the world with no sovereign state to call their own. With the breakup of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, the desire to create an independent Kurdish state has intensified and created conflicts between the Kurds and the modern states of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. The Kurds’ aspiration of creating a new ethnic state in the Middle East has only served to further destabilize an already unstable region. But to prevent future turmoil, the creation of a new nation-state could be a necessary precaution. The dream of a Kurdish homeland is an old one, but after thousands of years, whether or not it can be achieved remains far from certain. The Kurdish people represent a distinct ethnic population within the Middle East. Unlike most of their surrounding neighbors, they are of neither of Turkic nor Arabic descent (Global Security, “Kurdish Conflict”). They are ethnically and linguistically distant relatives of the neighboring Persians, but have for millennia have maintained a unique cultural identity inhabiting a area from the Zagros Mountains to the eastern Taurus Mountains and part of the Mesopotamian plain (Black). Though they can trace their origins in the region back over 25 centuries to the Empire of the Medes, the Kurds can claim only brief and scattered moments of independence (Global Security, “Kurdish Conflict”). One such moment occurred relatively...
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...Middle East in International Relations COURSE CODE: DIR 307 LECTURER: Ms Cyprine Aduogo YEAR OF STUDY: 3rd year, 1st semester TASK: Group Work DATE OF PRESENTATION: 1st October 2012 QUESTION: DESCRIBE THE GENERAL OUTLOOK OF IRAQ GROUP MEMBERS NAMES REG NO SIGNITURE 1. Tari Elizabeth Qabale DS/0002/010 2. Sessia Sammy Kipyegon DS/3005/010 INTRODUCTION Country formal name: Republic of Iraq and the local long form is (Jamhuriyyat al-Iraq) Convectional short form: Iraq and the local short form is al-Iraq Continent: Asia Country Motto: Allahu-Akbar (God is the Greatest) National Anthem: Mawtini (My Homeland) National symbol: Golden Eagle Terms for citizens: Iraqi(s) Capital city: Baghdad which lies in the center east of the country and actually the largest city. Current president: Jalal Talabani Current Prime Minister: Nouri Al-Maliki Year of independence: From United Kingdom on 3rd October 1932 and was declared a republic on 14th July 1958. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Historically, Iraq was known in Europe by the Greek troponin ‘Mesopotamia’ meaning the land between the rivers. Iraq has been home to numerous civilizations since 6th century BC. The ruins of Ur, Babylon and other ancient cities are situated in Iraq as well as the legendary location of the Garden of Eden. The region between Tigris and Euphrates rivers is identified as the cradle of civilization and the birthplace...
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...From Ethnic Conflict to Genocide Individuals are mostly identified by their religion, culture, race and most importantly, their ethnicity. They would be labeled by what country or race they represent. Over the past decades, many ethnic conflicts have occurred and are still occurring in the world today due to political reasoning. When there are at least two ethnic communities called multiethnic or multisectarian, who realize they cannot form their own independent countries, they would change their geographical locations. But there is no guarantee that both ethnic groups will solve their conflicts by moving in different parts of the region. Each ethnic group competes for power, authority, resources and political independence, which lead up to deep conflicts between ethnic groups and even dehumanization. Each ethnic conflict is associated with deep emotions such as hatred, bitterness, resentment, anger and aggression. Political leaders play a significant role in identifying ethnicities. Such leaders commit violent acts for the sake of their group and victimize their followers. There are also political extremists who are only self-concerned and tend to disregard others’ lives through horrific actions. According to political psychologists, extremists have a variety of personal characteristics. They are not mentally sick. They are insane and are capable of evil behavior because they do not have any empathy for anybody. In Milgram’s experiment on power of authority, personality...
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...States invasion of Iraq may bring the Turks billions in aid, but it may also give them the much costlier choice between losing any chance for membership in the European Union and tolerating a secessionist movement in the Turkish parts of Kurdistan, which could endanger the very existence of Turkey in its present form. Kurdish lands, rich in natural resources, have always sustained and promoted a large population. While registering modest gains since the late 19th century, but particularly in the first decade of the 20th, Kurds lost demographic ground relative to neighboring ethnic groups. This was due as much to their less developed economy and health care system as it was to direct massacres, deportations, famines, etc. The total number of Kurds actually decreased in this period, while every other major ethnic group in the area boomed. Since the middle of the 1960s this negative demographic trend has reversed, and Kurds are steadily regaining the demographic position of importance that they traditionally held, representing 15% of the over-all population of the Middle East in Asia-a phenomenon common since at least the 4th millennium BC. Today Kurds are the fourth largest ethnic group in the Middle East, after the Arabs, Persians and Turks. Their largest concentrations are now respectively in Turkey (approx. 52% of all Kurds), Iran(25.5%), Iraq (16%), Syria (5%) and the CIS (1.5%). Barring a catastrophe, Kurds will become the third most populous ethnic group in the Middle East...
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...conflict Nationalism; Nationalism is when people are loyal and devoted to their country, they are passionate about protecting their way of life from other peoples cultures, this can be applicable to small tribes to whole countries. Nationalism can easily lead to war or conflicts because nationalism can make people blind to another culture bar their own and makes them less understanding this can lead to persecution of those people that do not belong in the dominant culture. An example of a war or conflict caused by nationalism is Kashmir, The Kashmir conflict is a territorial conflict between India and Pakistan which started just after partition of India. India and Pakistan have fought three wars over Kashmir. Politics; Politics is a group of people who run a country from there parliament, if a political party disagrees with another party (whether that’s in the same country or another) this can cause major agro and lead to war or conflict. Loads of wars and conflicts have happened because of politics for example the cold war. The cold war this was when two of the biggest superpowers (U.S.A and Russia then named Soviet Union) had a stand off which caused the earth to come to the brink of destruction even when there was no physical fighting going on, America was a Democracy and the soviet union was a dictatorship and basically the two countries disagreed on how both their countries were run, this caused tension and scare all over the world. Some recent conflicts caused by politics...
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...towards the negotiation of the experience of other ethnic groups interacting with mainstream American culture. Exploring the aesthetics of border narratives in the way Anzaldùa constructs it together with the mechanisms of stereotyping and the politics of ethnic identity representations she opts for urges a new conception of the literary creation situated in-between multiple ideological and symbolic borders. The hybrid construct around which the rhetoric of boder is built becomes dialogic: it witnesses the presence of mainstream culture and marginal- ethnic culture .The latter is endowed by the power...
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...attempt by a regional group within a country or across the borders of one or more countries, to gain more political control from central governments over the areas in which they live. There are many different reasons for why separatism occurs around the world, these can include: the feeling of being economically inferior to other areas within the same country the fact that they are often in an outlying location to the political centre and the feeling or being mistreated due to being an ethnic minority like the Kurds in Iraq or a religious minority like the Christians in Sudan. Separatism can lead to a wide range of issues around the world that range from the collapse of governments and civil wars to, more political disputes and peaceful protests. Separatism does not always have to be aggressive in the past those desiring more autonomy have used a wide range of means to get their campaign noticed by the powers that be. However these ‘means’ have are set upon a broad spectrum where they can vary from the peaceful and harmless establishment of societies with clear separate identities, such as the Bretons in France, to terrorism, and in some extreme cases, outright civil war. A recent example of separatism devolving into civil war is in East Timor, where the Tamil Tigers have fought for independence for over three decades. There are two sub-categories of separatism, discreet separatism is where the group who seeks autonomy is confined to a territory claimed by a group as theirs and in...
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...the Iraq War: Unrest in the Middle East Media- The news media, are often unpopular with the brass, for they function independently, without rules, regulations, or even a Code of Conduct except for some that are self-imposed. The media’s Newspapers, Radio, TV and Cable have a variety of interests of their own and set goals to be achieved. They have their fulsome share of rogues, incompetents and avaricious vultures. Yet at their best, the media provide the nation with a vital service it can get nowhere else. It is one of the pillars of the state. US military action against Islamic State jihadists in Iraq and Syria began on a small scale three months ago but has steadily expanded in size and scope, raising the stakes for Washington, experts say. The mission has morphed from protecting religious minorities in Iraq to a vow to "destroy" the IS group in both Syria and Iraq, a dramatic shift for an American president who as a candidate was an outspoken opponent of the previous US war in Iraq. Transnational actors-Globalization provides international actors with additional tools for enhancing their interests and power. More actors which assume the shape of threats are actively and directly involved in everyday international affairs. That is why extremist and terrorist ideological groups for example achieved the ability to manipulate an audience by cultivating fear on the global scale. Rebel or resistance movements, warlords, criminal organizations, local militias, ethnic groups...
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...considered a duty and is taken very seriously. The next two pillars may not happen on a daily basis, but are no less important. The sawn is fasting. Muslims will deny themselves food from sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan. The final pillar is he Hajj. Any Muslim with the means must make the Hajj to the holy city of Mecca at least once during their lifetime. These five pillars provide the guidelines that Muslims must live their lives by. To understand the people in the regions where we as Soldiers will be operating, we must understand the people who live their and what drives them. While the Muslims in Iraq share a common religion, they vary by their distinct ethnic groups. Iraq is composed of mainly Sunni and Shia muslims. In the northern region they also have a large population of Kurdish people. Sunni and Shi are both Arabic people. The two groups are distrustful...
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...Global Community Failure to Eradicate Genocide Name: Course: Tutor: Date: Abstract When it comes to global criminology, the subject is fatal in the sense of reprisals accustomed to it. In any case, international criminal activities are largely based geopolitical factors rather than the genuine purpose of ending human to human barbarism. This paper will attempt to prove that ‘global community’ commitment to end genocide events is categorically challenged by lack of sufficient devotion to ‘the pledge’ to eradicate the vice. The paper is structured into three main parts and one secondary part. The background will attempt to examine the scholarly effort attempting to relate the basis of global community pledge and the general act of genocide. A further sub category of this part will introduce the role played by United Nations in minimizing genocide. The second section will be substantial in analyzing past genocide events; courtesy of three relevant examples, Cambodia, Sri Lanka and Rwanda. In this section, the document will examine the various roles played by United Nations in fueling the genocide. The third section will examine 21 century events, and how United Nations has chosen a back player in preventing the occurrences of these genocides. The secondary section will attempt to examine the role played by International Criminal Court and how it has been challenged in limiting genocide events. Background Research has attempted relate the end of the holocaust and the emergence...
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...fair elections. Some people say that participation is the key to democracy. If a certain group of society do not vote, or there is apathy in voting turnouts, then there isn’t a fair outcome. For example, 2003 saw Labour leader Tony Blair declare war in Iraq. Despite the media’s portrayal and lack of support for Blair on his decision, he was re-elected as priminister in the 2005 UK general elections. This made a lot of people upset and angry. However, the turnout for that election was low (61.4%) so it could be argued that because Britain is a democracy, the general public are the soul blame for the outcome of the election. On the other hand, people believe that Britain cannot be a democracy if public participation is so low. They believe that to be a real democracy, the whole population must get involved and have a say. So when only over half of those eligible to vote do, there are questions to be asked as to whether the UK could be defined as such. There has been an increase in pressure groups. They can use a variety of different methods to influence law. These groups most often seem more important than political parties as they focus on one single issue rather than a broad range of policies. The national union of Students (NUS) are active to change the laws on ‘unfair’ student tuition fees. Many would agree that because members of the public can vote freely for and against these groups that a democracy exists. Yet, as with parties, their contribution to democratic life is indispensable...
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...The Globalization of Democracy Building: A Polyarchic Dilemma When we look at the Middle East and democratization, we must realize that democracy in its current form is largely a Western concept. Democracy building on the part of the US outwards is a classic example of globalization. This paper will examine two theories of globalization: the interdependency theory of Waltz and Robinson?s view of globalization as one of power politics. It will then move on to examine globalization theory in regards to democracy building. Finally, this paper will seek to examine democracy building initiatives in two countries, Iraq and Lebanon. Theories of Globalization Waltz contends that we view globalization at interdependence, and that ?interdependence [is] again associated with peace and peace increasingly with democracy.? ? People, firms, markets matter more; states matter less,? because it is the economy that drives states to make decisions. As the world becomes more interdependent on one another, decisions are made as a collective whole in the economic field, not the independent political state. In many ways, Waltz suggests that Globalism is really Americanism spread around the globe. As the Cold War ended, it become clearer that the ideology that won out, a capitalist democracy, was the winner and dominant ideology. The theology behind it was that if a country is not transparent, with a flexible free market, then it will crumble. What if a country is looking to open its...
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...Racial and Ethnic Groups Matrix Complete the matrix below by answering the questions for each group. | Race vs. Ethnicity | Origins and Past Experiences | Challenges in the U.S. | American Identity | Personal Experiences and Comments | | Is this an ethnic or racial group and why? | Where did this group originate? How did this group become a part of American culture? | What challenges has this grouped faced in the U.S.? | How is this group portrayed today in American society? | Have you witness any racism or prejudice toward this group? Any additional comments? | Native Americans | Racial groupConsidered a minority because of obvious physical differences | Asia – migrated here across the Atlantic | Faced prejudice and mistreatment, have been taken advantage of , had land taken from them | Not given the respect that they deserve | No | African Americans | Racial groupConsidered a minority because of obvious physical differences | West Coast of Africa - brought here on slave ships | Prejudice, persecution, been slaves | Negative image, stereotyped, victims of racial profiling | Yes, still taken advantage of today. Many of the elderly are ripped off daily by supposedly educated people who prey on the poor. | Hispanic Americans | Ethnic group National origin and culture | Various countries in Latin America, Spain, and Portugal- | Prejudice | Not treated fairly in many cases | Yes, worked by people for under minimum wage | Mexican Americans | Ethnic groupNational...
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