...Communicating Design Research Knowledge: A Role for Ethnographic Writing Lois Frankel Concordia University & School of Industrial Design, Carleton University, Canada lois_frankel@carleton.ca Abstract: The recent use of ethnographic field research methods in design research practice reflects the growing interest of designers in the expressive Design researchers have not, however, exploited ethnographers to report their findings, but instead and cultural im pact of the artifacts they create. the "thick description" methods used by prefer to apply the results of design-driven ethnographic research directly to the development of new product concepts. This paper proposes that ethnographic representation methods , including innovative visual representations, offer untapped potential for design research reporting, not just field of historical design. Te in term s of facilitating com munications during the mpts by designers to make sense of the broader the potential of ethnographic design process, but also as a record of ongoing atte representation methods for design. Keywords: Ethnography in design, Ethnographic writing, Ethnographic representation st projects by design students show 1. Introduction Ethnography is often viewed as a specialized area within reveal and preserve cultural knowledge, using methods such the larger activity of cultural anthropology, seeking to as interviewing or cultural submersion to discover important values. Since design is also a profession...
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...What is ethnographic research? State the difference between an ethnographic research and a psychometric research and give example from applied linguistic studies. 1. Ethnographic research and Linguistic ethnographic. - Ethnography is the in-depth study of naturally occurring behavior within a culture or social group. It seeks to understand the relationship between culture and behavior; with culture referring to the beliefs, values and attitudes of a specific group of people. - Ethnographic research usually involves observing target users in their natural, real-world setting, rather than in the artificial environment of a lab or focus group. The aim is to describe, analyze, and interpret the culture of a group over time to understand the group’s shared beliefs, behaviors, and language. Wilson (1982) identifies the roots of ethnography in anthropology and sociology. Wilson related the tradition ecological hypothesis and the quantitative – phenomenological hypothesis. - As a term designating a particular configuration of interests within the broader field of socio- and applied linguistics, ‘linguistic ethnography’ (LE) is a theoretical and methodological development orientating towards particular, established traditions but defining itself in the new intellectual climate of late modernity and post-structuralism. According to Rampton (2004, p. 2) Linguistic ethnography generally holds that language and social life are mutually shaping, and that close analysis of situated language...
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...Naturalistic Observations Jesicca Jupin Argosy University ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is an overview of ethnographic lessons. The subject of this report is to witness individuals in a local restaurant in order to find some varieties of ethnic types pertaining to the witnessed individuals. This assignment involves observation, explanation and a breakdown of what was perceived, possible employment, amount and site of individuals and the layout of the restaurant. In addition, this paper consists of an explanation of the used approach. INTRODUCTION As an overview into ethnographic, this disposition will reflect four areas, the research question, methodical transcripts, and an investigation to determine and refer to the perceived ethnic outlook, and recording and briefing the outcomes to take in conversation. DISCUSSION Research question: What was earned from this study? As a long-term citizen in this area, I am mindful of the degree of living in this diversely driven culture. I have connected with these people for 16 years. In keeping fairness, the procedure of recording anything that is witnessed and overheard is vital to providing accurate outcomes. Every effort will be thoroughly considered to reduce prejudice throughout the study of this ethnographic learning. Yet, independence is achieved and continuous through the rationality of the findings to draw the same rational conclusions. Location for the study: The observation was accomplished for the duration...
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...Questions for Tutorial 3 1. What is ethnographic research? State the difference between an ethnographic research and a psychometric research and give example from applied linguistic studies. 2. Find a report of an ethnographic research in applied linguistics and give your comments on the following points: * The research question * The contexts the research was conducted * What is group or case under study? * What conceptual and theoretical frame works inform the study? * What field techniques were used? For how much time? In what contexts? What were the roles of the ethnographer? 3. Find a report of an ethnographic research in applied linguistics and give your comments on: * What field techniques were used? For how much time? In what contexts? What were the roles of the ethnographer? * What analysis strategies were developed and used? what levels and types of context were attended to in interpretation? - What recurrent patterns are described? - What cultural interpretation is provided? - What are the stated implications for teaching? Question 1.What is ethnographic research? State the difference between an ethnographic research and a psychometric research and give example from applied linguistic studies. ------------------------------------------------------------- Ethnographic research is one form of qualitative research which concerns with studying human behavior...
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...develop an awareness of what constitutes a distinctively anthropological approach to the organization of human life in society and culture. Extended essays should be based on published ethnographic research. Students are expected to demonstrate, in the presentation of the research, their knowledge and understanding of the methods and aims of social and cultural anthropology. Choice of topic Social and cultural anthropology is not a “residual” category for essays that do not fit into any other extended essay subject. Students must choose topics that lend themselves to anthropological investigation, and must carefully consider their choice of topic in terms of the assessment criteria. An extended essay in social and cultural anthropology should analyse a topic from a theoretical or comparative perspective, based on the student’s own original analysis and on a solid understanding of the theoretical issues concerned. Students who intend to tackle comparative projects must be aware that research strategies involving two or more societies may call for greater narrowing of the research focus than a study in a single society. For example, a comparative analysis of Mexican and US views of death cannot be conducted successfully in the context of an extended essay because the topic is too broad. The research would have to be narrowed down by focusing, for example, on specific sub-groups of each society, as well as on a few well-chosen contrasting points, from which the student would...
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...Declaration Form This form should be attached to the front of all work submitted for assessment. Name: | Chao Sun | Library card number: | 31434921 | Coursework Title: | Paper 1 Paper 2 Research Essay Consulting Project Dissertation Proposal Dissertation | Tutor: | Dr Valerie Stead | * All submissions for coursework assessment should be your own work. * Any copying from the work of others will be heavily penalized. * Allowing other students to copy your work will also be penalized. I hereby confirm that I have read and understood the University’s regulations relating to plagiarism (as summarized in the MA in Human Resources and Consulting Participant Handbook) and that the work to which this declaration is attached is my own. Signature of Student: | | Qualitative Research Methods Review Taking “The Supportive expatriate spouse” as a case Introduction This Review is aimed at analyzing the qualitative research methods used in “The supportive expatriate spouse” by Jakob Lauring and Jan Selmer (2010).The specific research elements will be discussed in perspectives of suitability, benefits, limitations and ethical issues in context of the authors’ research. Research Methods The research question of the above article is to investigate the positive influence of accompanying spouses on their business expatriates. Samplings elected are sixteen Danish female accompanying...
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...six building block framework to help developing countries implement health care system best practices to enable meeting the millennium development goals (Mutale, Bond, Mwanamwenge, Mlewa, Alaanova, Spicer, & Ayles, 2013). Zambia is struggling to meet the WHO goals. The ethnographic qualitative study reviewed is “Systems thinking in practice: The current status of the six WHO building blocks for health system strengthening in three BHOMA intervention districts of zambia: A baseline qualitative study” (Mutale et al., 2013). The paper reviews the key elements, and a general evaluation of the study as guided by Table...
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...the workings of an organization; • become more conscious of the relationship of social roles, institutional dynamics, and larger cultural systems. When students return to campus, Field Study Seminar assists students in analyzing and interpreting their experiences, culminating in a major academic paper. An HDSR field study differs from a conventional internship or practicum in important ways. The main difference lies in the purpose. The primary purpose of a conventional internship or practicum is for the student to perform a job and learn skills that will be useful in a future career. In contrast, the HDSR Field Study is an ethnographic research project. Its main purpose is for the student to hone his or her analytical skills and gain insight into the dynamics of the organization in larger societal context. That is not to say that the job, in and of itself, is not important. HDSR students are expected to work diligently, and make every effort to contribute to the organization in positive ways, along with the added dimension of observing and analyzing the organization. An HDSR field study might be thought of as a conventional internship/practicum, volunteer or paid position, plus ethnographic fieldwork. There are two HDSR Faculty members with whom you will work closely during all phases of your Field Study. Each has specific roles and responsibilities, depending on each stage of your Field Study—Pre, During, or Post—and each will assist you in meeting your responsibilities along the...
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...Ethnographic Observation TSL 4520 Grading Rubric Background (Milde, R., 2001) Common wisdom tells us that there are, in general, two kinds of writing: creative and expository. Creative writing tells about feelings, opinions, points of view, things that originate inside the writer. Expository essays tell about facts, things outside of the writer. Essays on literature examine a literary text, a thing outside the writer. Lab reports describe experiments with chemicals and other stuff that really exists and can be measured. Research is factual; fiction, poetry, and the personal story are emotional. Wrong. Writing is not that simple. The farther you go in your academic or professional career, the less you are able to simply report what you see. The more you know about your chosen field, the more you realize that the researcher argues for his/her point of view even as he/she reports the facts. When we ask how to provide medical care, how to enforce the law, how to work in the legal profession, how to do science, how to educate children – when we ask how any profession should be done – there is always more than one possible answer. We have to decide which answers work best, and the research almost always provides some evidence for both (or many) sides. Facts mean nothing without interpretation – we have to decide what the facts mean, what their consequences are. So we need to get used to using facts, not just reporting them. We need to write expository essays that include...
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...Upon further review of my past papers, I found some small grammatical errors that needed to be edited. In my unit one paper, there were a few errors that you had marked. I fixed those oversights then continued on with my revisions. In the second paragraph, I moved a comment to after a citation section in order to back up the information with my own thoughts as I had learned a little further in the semester. Another change I had made was to change a word that was repeated multiple times in a sentence. I also revised unit twos paper. I had received a perfect score on my paper, but upon rereading, I noticed a few things that I felt should be changed. They were not big changes, but I believe the modifications helped the information flow better than it had originally. One change I had made was to change “get rid of” to “eliminate.” The main thing I learned to apply this semester was to avoid using many words when only one is needed. This was my first semester in a real school situation, so I was unsure on how well I would do. I would say that I am most proud of my grades that I have received on my papers. I feel like I worked hard on all of my papers and I am glad my hard work paid off. I learned a lot about the whole writing process and feel as if I applied it all in my writing. I really enjoyed writing the ethnographic analysis essay. I originally was not looking forward to it because of the observation time and the length of the paper. After I had chosen a topic...
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...‘DISCUSS THE EXTENT TO WHICH ANTHROPOLOGY IS A SCIENCE.’ The study of anthropology concerns itself with the understanding of various societies and cultures within our world. It focuses on revealing the spectrum of connections and relationships that serve as the foundation to society and culture. Ethnography, which involves one immersing themselves in a foreign culture serves as the main form of research for anthropologists’. However the interpersonal and subjective nature of this form of study undermines the scientific nature of Anthropology in regards to the natural sciences. In order to understand the extent to which anthropology is a science, I will explore arguments which reiterate the validity and academic value of anthropological import, this will be achieved through the analysis of the ‘modified sociological realism’, intersubjective pattern recognition’ as well as ‘human patterns’. Science considers itself totally absent from interpersonal subjectiveness however this notion should be scrutinized and evaluated in order to ensure that the study of Anthropology is not made to be redundant In contrast to the natural sciences. This form of scientific understanding can be referred to as the ‘modified sociological realism and is supported by the commentaries of Ziman (1978), Hacking (1982,1983), Taylor (1982) and Harre (1986). Science is a human activity and human nature should be considered as an element in producing empirical import. The work of scientists within the natural...
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...Ruth Behar’s book, The Vulnerable Observer: Anthropology That Breaks Your Heart, stands in direct contrast to the majority of anthropological texts. In it, she adds her own voice to her experiences doing field research. In doing so, she attempts to add to the context that her research occurred in. Instead of trying to maintain a strictly objective stance in relaying events from the field, Behar includes herself in her writing and her studying to enrich the experience for the reader. Reading The Vulnerable Observer takes the reader on a journey through the intersection of Behar’s professional and personal life, and how one informed the other. Each chapter deals with a different field experience, as well as what she was experiencing personally...
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...simple and nonviolent act such as refusal could lead to such adverse response? According Marcel Mauss (1967), refusal is an act of rejecting social bonds and creating new moral imperative and social practices. By refusing to stand for his country’ national anthem, Kaepernick broke some of the most common social obligation of United States. Consequently, this led to him potentially breaking some of the social bonds he has between his fans, sponsors and the public. This paper will look at three articles from the Cultural Anthropology journal: Consent’s Revenge by Audra Simpson, Refusal and the Gift of Citizenship by Carole McGranahan and Refusal as Act, Refusal as Abstention by Erica Weiss. All three articles focuses on the topic of refusal. This paper will reveal how other anthropologists are defining refusal. Then, it will look at the theoretical and methodological orientations guiding each one of these articles, and how they compare one against another. Finally, it will focus these three form of ethnographic works and how they helped us understand our world. First, refusal is not the same as resistance. In the following, different anthropologists have given their definition of the word. In her article, Audra Simpson (2016) define refusal as the revenge of consent. She bases her definition on her observation on the Kahnawà:ke Mohawks refusing to recognize Canada as their sovereign government (Simpson, 2016). In order for Canadian governance to be recognize by the Kahnawà:ke...
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...Towards a Definition of Socio-Economic Research for the RESPECT Project A draft working paper by Ursula Huws, RESPECT Project Director Introduction The term ‘socio-economic research’ is in widespread use in the European Commission’s work programmes and elsewhere. In the Fourth Framework Programme, for instance, there was a programme entitled ‘Targeted Socio-Economic Research’ (TSER) and in the Fifth Framework Programme there were numerous calls for proposals to carry out socio-economic research related to Information Society Technologies (in the IST Programme) and to other issues of relevance to EU policy. At national level, there are also economic and social research funding councils in most European Countries. However, nowhere in this documentation, as far as I can tell, is any definition offered of ‘socio-economic research’. For the purposes of the RESPECT project, however, it is necessary to have some sort of functional definition. This short discussion paper is designed as the first step towards the development of such a definition. As the project develops, this definition will be tested in relation to the actual practices of socio-economic researchers, whose activities, qualifications and professional affiliations will be profiled as part of the project’s work. In the meantime, a brief survey of projects described as socioeconomic research projects indicates that they cover a very broad range in relation to the backgrounds and qualifications of...
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...………………………………………………..6 Ethnographic Fieldwork Data Analysis …………………………………………………………..9 Reflective Comments/ Conclusion……………………………………………………….…….....9 References………………………………………………………………………………………..11 Targeting Breast Cancer among African American Women in Nash County: A Proposal to Identify Enabling and Reinforcing Factors of Seeking Preventative Screening Services Introduction Ethnographic field work is an excellent strategy in understanding and describing a cultural group. Field work is also an asset in performing a needs assessment in the planning phase of developing health promotion interventions. As described by Bailey (2002), “ethnographic techniques are integral tools for galvanizing and mobilizing communities for social action relative to generating a promotion and disease prevention agenda.” (Bailey, 2002) This paper serves as a proposal to conduct a medical anthropology field work project to assess reinforcing and enabling factors that promote the use of early detection and preventative breast cancer screening services among African American women. The study design consists of a qualitative ethnographic approach utilizing observation and focus group methodology. This project consists of conducting a focus group with a group of African American women age 40-65 years of age at a Nash County church, who regularly receive early detection and preventative breast cancer screenings. Qualitative data collected will be analyzed utilizing qualitative research coding and content...
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