...A-LEVEL ECONOMICS ECON4/Unit 4: Mark scheme 2140 June 2014 Version 1.0 Final The National and International Economy Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation events which all associates participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’ responses to questions and that every associate understands and applies it in the same correct way. As preparation for standardisation each associate analyses a number of students’ scripts: alternative answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the standardisation process, associates encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are required to refer these to the Lead Assessment Writer. It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and expanded on the basis of students’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination paper. Further copies of this Mark Scheme are available from aqa.org.uk Copyright © 2014 AQA and its licensors. All...
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...Economics 2: The World Economy Unit Student Guide Scottish Qualifications Authority Contents 1 2 Introduction to the Scottish Qualifications Authority Introduction to the Unit 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3 What is the Purpose of this Unit? What are the Outcomes of this Unit? What do I Need to be Able to do in Order to Achieve this Unit? Approximate Study Time for This Unit Equipment/Material Required for this Unit Symbols Used in this Unit 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 7 7 11 18 24 31 37 41 51 60 68 75 DE3H 35 Assessment Information for this Unit 3.1 What Do I Have to Do to Achieve This Unit? 4 5 Suggested Lesson Plan Learning Material 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 Setting the Scene Outcome 1 - Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Outcome 2 - Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 © Scottish Qualifications Authority 2004 Economics 2: The World Economy Unit Student Guide Scottish Qualifications Authority 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 6 7 8 9 Section 5 Section 6 Outcome 3 - Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 85 92 99 104 108 112 115 119 121 135 135 Additional Reading Material Solutions to Self Assessed Questions and Activities Copyright References Acknowledgements © Scottish Qualifications Authority 2004 DE3H 35 Economics 2: The World Economy Unit Student Guide Scottish Qualifications Authority 1 Introduction to the Scottish Qualifications Authority This Unit DE3H 35 Economics...
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...BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Y/601/0546 MARKET ENVIRONMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR MOHAMED ABOOBUCKER JAZEER AHAMED Introduction Business environment is composed of two words ‘Business’ and ‘Environment’. In economic sense ‘Business’ means human activities like production, purchase or extraction or sales of products or services that are performed to earn money. Meanwhile ‘Environment’ means the aspect of surroundings. Business environment is the set of conditions institutional, political, economical, legal or social that is uncontrollable and affects the functions of the organization. Business environment consists of two components: external environment and internal environment. Internal environment includes of 5 M’s like management, money, machinery, material and man. On the other hand, External environment consists of demo-graphical factors, socio-cultural factors, political factors, geo-physical factors, government and legal factors. LO1 1.1 ------------------------------------------------- Different Types of Organizations Organizations A social unit of people that is structured and managed to meet a need or to pursue collective goals. All organizations have a management structure that determines relationships between the different activities and the members, and subdivides and assigns roles, responsibilities, and authority to carry out different tasks. Organizations are open systems they affect and are affected by their environment. Read more: http://www...
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...Business Environment Assignment |Qualification |Unit number - title - level | |BTEC Level 5 HND in Business |Unit 1 – Business Environment - Level 4 | |Student name |Assessor name | |Simon Varga |Susan Simei-Cunningham | | |Berlin Asong | |Internal Verifier |Alan Jeffery | |Date issued |Completion date |Submitted on | |26th January 2015 |27th March 2015 before midday | | |Assignment title |Business Environment - Shaping Your Future – A Vocational Scenario ...
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...ALWAYS LEARNING B401 Assignment Business Environment PROFESSOR: Apoorva Chaudhry th SUBMISSION DATE: 4 May 2016 15100150 PEARSON COLLEGE LONDON BUSINESS & ENTERPRISE STUDENT – LEVEL 4 B401: Business Environment 15100150 Level 4 ALWAYS LEARNING 2 PEARSON B401: Business Environment 15100150 Level 4 B401 – Assignment ..................................................................................................................... 5 business environment .......................................................................................................................... 5 Task 1 ........................................................................................................................................... 5 part 1 ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 Part 2 ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 Part 3 ....................................................................................................................................................... 8 TASK 2 - Power Point Slides’ notes ..................................................................................................... 9 TASK 3 ..............................................................................................
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...India and the Global Economy 14 CHAPTER The big story of the last decade for India has been its arrival on the global scene. The Indian economy had broken free of the low-growth trap from the early 1980s. By the mid-1990s, following the economic reforms of 1991-3, India began to appear as a player of some significance in the global economy. Then, following the East Asian crisis of the late 1990s, and from the first years of the first decade of the 21st century there was no looking back. India’s exports began to climb, its foreign exchange reserves, which for decades had hovered around 5 billion dollars, rose exponentially after the economic reforms and in little more than a decade had risen to 300 billion dollars. Indian corporations that rarely ventured out of India were suddenly investing all over the world and even in some industrialized countries. When, in 2009, the Group of 20 (G-20) was raised to the level of a forum for leaders, India was a significant member of this global policy group. 14.2 The globalization of India has given rise to new opportunities but it has also brought with it new challenges and responsibilities. It means that the global economy can no longer be viewed from a spectator’s standpoint. What happens there has large implications for India. Every time there is a major financial crisis anywhere in the world, there is need to take brace position. And, in turn, the rise and fall of India’s growth rate has an impact on global growth and there...
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...adopted a single exchange rate, which was set by the European Central Bank (Britain, Sweden and Denmark negotiated an opt-out from this final states of EMU). The new Euro notes and coins were launched on 1 January 2002. There are currently 16 EU states in the Eurozone. Greece joined the initial 11 members in 2001, Slovenia joined in 2007, Cyprus and Malta in 2008, and Slovakia joined in 2009. Estonia is due to join the Eurozone in 2011. All future members of the EU must adopt the Euro when they fulfil the convergence criteria. Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) Step 1: a country loses a degree of economic sovereignty when it enters a trade bloc or single market as a necessary step towards being part of an EMU. Stage 2 – Joining a trade bloc or single market: to join a single market, or a trade bloc, a country must give up a degree of power over trade. Such powers can include: import and export tariffs, product regulations and free movement of...
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...P1 – Describe the type of business, purpose and ownership of two contrasting businesses The first Business I have chosen is British Airways, because of my interest in travelling. Also, I thought it’d be a very interesting and different company to choose and base my research on. British Airways, often shortened to BA, is the flag carrier airline of the United Kingdom and it is the largest airline in the United Kingdom based on fleet size. When measured by passengers carried, it is second-largest in United Kingdom, behind EasyJet. The airline is based in Waterside near its main hub at London Heathrow Airport. A British Airways Board was established by the United Kingdom government in 1972 to manage the two nationalized airline corporations, British Overseas Airways Corporation and British European Airways, and two smaller, regional airlines, Cambrian Airways, from Cardiff, and Northeast Airlines, from Newcastle upon Tyne. On 31 March 1974, all four companies were merged to form British Airways. After almost 13 years as a state company, British Airways was privatized in February 1987 as part of a wider privatization plan by the Conservative government. The carrier soon expanded with the acquisition of British Caledonian in 1987, followed by Dan-Air in 1992 and British Midland International in 2012. British Airways is a founding member of the Oneworld airline alliance, along with American Airlines, Cathay Pacific, Qantas, and the now defunct Canadian Airlines. The alliance has...
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...is tackling the deficit, against a backdrop of global financial uncertainty, it is vital that we focus relentlessly on cracking down on those that break the law and making sure that everyone pays the tax they owe” (HM Revenue & Customs, 2012, p. 4) Every year the UK Government spends billions of pounds to provide a better life for its citizens. Most of the money the Government is spending comes from tax revenue. Tax revenue allows the Government to budget expenditure such as education, health and welfare, housing, protection, re-paying national debts and improving the infrastructure. Without tax revenue, the government would not be able to fund the projects and services that people require. Following the recent recession and the global financial crisis it is important to increase tax revenue for economic growth and keeping the economy moving. The majority of the UK’s individuals and businesses pay their share of tax honestly. However, a minority deliberately seek to evade or avoid paying what they owe while benefiting from the public services (HM Revenue & Customs, 2013). As a result the Government does not receive enough tax as budgeted but spends more than what is collected. This is called budget deficit. It leads to either cuts in the budget of projects or borrowing money from other nations to fill up the deficit. Borrowing is an expensive option and currently the UK government is trying to reduce its national debts and to fill up the deficit with cuts in projects...
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...on the UK This note examines the various channels through which membership of the EU affects the UK economy. A general sense of the EU’s economic impact can be gained by reading Section 1 alone. Subsequent sections deal with particular issues, such as the EU’s effect on UK trade relations, in more detail, and compare the UK’s situation with alternative arrangements. Contents 1 Introduction and summary 2 2 Cost-benefit analyses of EU membership 5 3 The effect of the EU on UK trade relations 6 4 Impact of immigration from the EU 16 5 The impact of EU regulation 20 6 Fiscal consequences of EU membership – the EU budget 23 7 The EU’s effect on consumer prices 28 8 Foreign direct investment (FDI) 30 Appendix table: a comparison of the EU with alternative trading arrangements 32 Boxes Would independence over trade policy lead to better results? 15 The EU budget – winners and losers 27 Trade barriers and economic efficiency 29 Related Library briefings Leaving the EU, Research Paper RP13/42 In brief: UK-EU economic relations, Standard Note SN6091 Norway’s relationship with the EU, Standard Note SN6522 Switzerland’s relationship with the EU, Standard Note SN6090 The UK and Europe: time for a new relationship?, Standard Note SN6393 1 Introduction and summary 1.1 Understanding the economic impact of EU membership EU membership influences the UK economy in a number...
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...performance and growth tactics (Thomsett, 2007). There are different reasons of why enterprises give importance to annual reports. Some of the reasons include clean market analysis, comparative financial assessment and productivity analysis which is no other possible if there are no annual reports to compare. It has been that in markets where there is a major population of investors and share holders then enterprises come out regularly with the activity of reporting (Stittle, 2003). Enterprises know that by announcing their financial health (annual report) publically, they are able to connect to their shareholders, distributors and investors, which is very important for both growth and expansion of the business. Meanwhile, annual reports also assess market position as by expressing financial numbers the feedback of market (consumer, investor, shareholder and competitor) is testified and generated (Stittle, 2003). This study is going to access the importance of annual reports in terms of market analysis, productivity analysis and financial health assessment. The study will focus on Tesco, a giant retailer company of UK in order to better understand the importance of annual reporting (Flack, 2007). Tesco being a global retailer company holds a comprehensive reporting...
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...Current Account Imbalance of the Kyrgyz Republic Name Institutional Affiliation Current Account Imbalance of the Kyrgyz Republic A country’s current account is a critical indicator of the economy’s health and delineates the difference between a nation’s investments and savings. Being the sum of the balance of trade, net current transfers and remittances from abroad, a current account has the potential to indicate to investors that whether a country relies on borrowing to funds its operations or lends to others for the same reasons. The objective of this paper is to critically evaluate the current account imbalances of the Kyrgyz Republic, identify the economic contributors to the imbalances and recommend corrective measures through policy development and implementation. The current account deficit can largely be described as a significant percent of a depressed level of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Since the deficit emerged early after the country’s transition into an independent state from the Soviet Union, it is largely attributed to the alarming situation where the capital inflows in the country were larger at the beginning of the transition but have since leveled off. In addition, the high demands for imports and exposure of the country to external shocks are among the factors that have caused the country’s foreign exchange reserves and foreign direct investments to declines. These result in a balance of payment crisis that are further exacerbated by the financial...
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...Analysis of Factors Influencing Adequate Funding of Social Health Care in the Tower Hamlets, London DECLARATION I declare that this is my original work and has not been submitted in any other university or institution for examination. Signature Date Student no: Stud - This is to confirm that the work this proposal was done by the student under our supervision. SignatureDate Supervisor 1: For and behalf of (Name of institution) Signature Date Chairperson, Department of ( ) DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my family members for their enduring support they gave for the whole time I was pursuing this project. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First, I would like to thank my supervisor .................... who has guided me in writing this project. More particularly my special thanks go to my lecturers for taking me through the whole course. I am also greatly indebted to my fellow students who were with me throughout the course work. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS Class A drugs- drugs deemed by the government to cause the most lethal harm when consumed. They attract heavy jail terms including life in prison. Community care- a term used in healthcare policies to mean looking after people with particular needs in the community. Local strategic partnership- a single non-statutory body, aligned with local authority boundaries that bring together at a local level the different parts of the public sector as well as the...
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...production and consumption take place without money? If you think they could, give examples. Yes. People could produce things for their own consumption. For example, people could grow vegetables in their garden or allotment; they could do their own painting and decorating. Alternatively people could engage in barter: they could produce things and then swap them for goods that other people had produced. ( Before reading on, how would you define scarcity? Must goods be at least temporarily unattainable to be scarce? See page 2 of text for a definition of scarcity. Goods need not be unattainable to be scarce. Because people’s incomes are limited, they cannot have everything they want from shops, even though the shops are stocked full. If all items in shops were free, the shelves would soon be emptied! ( If we would all like more money, why does the government not print a lot more? Could it not thereby solve the problem of scarcity ‘at a stroke’? The problem of scarcity is one of a lack of production. Simply printing more money without producing more goods and services will merely lead to inflation. To the extent that firms cannot meet the extra demand (i.e. the extra consumer expenditure) by extra production, they will respond by putting up their prices. Without extra production, consumers will end up unable to buy any more than previously. 5 ( (Box 1.1) What is it that makes each one of the above news items an economics item...
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...a strategy for growth and sustainability in the UK automotive sector July 2013 Contents | 3 Contents Foreword Executive summary Challenges and opportunities Investing in innovation and technology Enhancing supply chain competitiveness and growth Investing in people – ensuring the right skills A business environment that enables a competitive automotive industry 1 The UK automotive industry Overview of the sector Competitiveness – a high productivity sector Enhancing UK competitiveness: strengths and weaknesses Vision for the UK automotive sector Investing in innovation and technology Success through collaboration Developing more detailed technology roadmaps Maintaining the UK’s strength in propulsion systems Hydrogen and fuel cells Enhanced links with motorsport Enhancing collaboration with the research base Better engagement with EU funding Delivering intelligent mobility Future technologies Enhancing supply chain competitiveness and growth Key challenges for the supply chain Quantifying and capitalising on the business opportunity for the UK supply chain Improving long-term supply chain competitiveness Encouraging inward investment in the UK supply chain and creating export opportunities Access to finance Innovative processes for premium manufacturers 3 5 6 6 7 8 8 9 9 10 12 16 18 21 24 26 31 31 32 32 32 33 34 37 38 40 44 47 48 2 3 4 | Driving success – a strategy for growth and sustainability in the UK automotive sector 4 Investing in people –...
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