...against the Euro in recent years b) Evaluate the likely economic effects of a significant fall in the value of sterling against the Euro. 2)a) Examine the effect of the Common Agricultural Policy on the world trade in agricultural goods. b) Evaluate the implications of a significant reduction in barriers to the trade and services for the global economy. 3)a) In 2002 the unemployment rates in Spain, France and Italy were significantly higher than in the UK. Examine the factors which might explain why the UK's unemployment rate was lower in these countries. b) To what extent might the pursuit of full employment conflict with other macroeconomic objectives? ------------------------------------------------- Exemplar: 1)a) 'The competitiveness of the Uk's manufacturing sector has declined in recent years'. Discuss the factors which may have affected the international competitiveness of UK goods. b) Evaluate the methods by which the UK's international competitiveness could be increased. 2)'Trading blocs are becoming increasingly important to the world economy' a) Discuss the benefits to a country belonging to a trading bloc. b) To what extent might the policies of the WTO conflict to those of trading blocs? ------------------------------------------------- June 02 1a) Examine the factors which have led to an increase in interdependence between countries in the world economy. b) Assess the impact on the global economy of the continued use by trading blocs...
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...A-LEVEL ECONOMICS ECON4/Unit 4: Mark scheme 2140 June 2014 Version 1.0 Final The National and International Economy Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation events which all associates participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’ responses to questions and that every associate understands and applies it in the same correct way. As preparation for standardisation each associate analyses a number of students’ scripts: alternative answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the standardisation process, associates encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are required to refer these to the Lead Assessment Writer. It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and expanded on the basis of students’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination paper. Further copies of this Mark Scheme are available from aqa.org.uk Copyright © 2014 AQA and its licensors. All...
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...any profit. For example: NHS, Universities. Mutual-benefit organisations: Individuals join together to pursue their own self-interest. For example: Clubs, Trade Union. Commonweal organisations: They provide service to all members of a given population. For example: Fire Service, Police. Organisations by their intended purpose: Private enterprise organisations: A "private sector" organisation is one that is owned and controlled by private individuals, not the government and usually exists to make a profit for its shareholders. Public sector organisations: A "public sector" organisation is one that is controlled by the government. It is called "public" because the government is responsible to the entire public. Commercial interest classification: Profit oriented: Profit-oriented means pricing strategies rely on setting a product or service's price to attain a specific, programmed net profit percentage. Non-profit oriented: In the broadest sense, an organisation in which no part of any net earnings can grow for the benefit of any private shareholder or individual. Size oriented classification: Large scale: To access the large-scale data sources efficiently and automatically, it is necessary to classify these data sources into different domains and categories. Medium scale: The demands on an intensely-managed landscape need a regional landscape planning system, which balances the social economic needs with geo-biological conditions. Small scale: Title for firms of a certain...
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...A critical examination of the economic governance mechanisms in the London region and its capacity to achieve sustainable economic development within a depressed global economy. This essay will attempt to examine and analyse the economic governance mechanism operating within the London Region and evaluate and explore the impact that a depressed global economy has had on the London regions capacity to (i) achieve sustainable economic development and (ii) achieve competitive economic development. This will be achieved by focusing on the impact of (i) global (ii) European and (iii) the London regions economic governance mechanisms and their impact on London’s capacity to achieve sustainable and competitive economic development. The economic governance mechanism used in London is complex and multi-faceted. Economic development of the London region is driven by many contributors mainly the thirty three boroughs which make up the geographical landscape, Greater London Authority, Background London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and is made up of thirty three boroughs. The spatial structure of London is the city of London which is a square mile in the centre of the area and Greater London are the surrounding areas. London is unique as it houses the main seat of government and is: the most populated urban region Six London boroughs: Hackney, Newham, Tower Hamlets, Islington, Waltham Forest and Barking and Dagenham are in the top ten most deprived Boroughs in...
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...‘Environment’. In economic sense ‘Business’ means human activities like production, purchase or extraction or sales of products or services that are performed to earn money. Meanwhile ‘Environment’ means the aspect of surroundings. Business environment is the set of conditions institutional, political, economical, legal or social that is uncontrollable and affects the functions of the organization. Business environment consists of two components: external environment and internal environment. Internal environment includes of 5 M’s like management, money, machinery, material and man. On the other hand, External environment consists of demo-graphical factors, socio-cultural factors, political factors, geo-physical factors, government and legal factors. 5. Understand the organizational purpose of business 1.1 Identify the purpose of different types of organizations There are different types of organizations and mainly all kinds of organizations are divided in three sectors: public sectors, private sectors and voluntary sector organizations. The purposes of those organizations are not same. Public sector is owned and run by the government for the people. People pay taxes to the government and this money is used to finance most of the public sectors. The main purposes of public sectors organizations are to provide essential public services and to use resources well for the benefit of the community. Private sector businesses are owned and run by private individuals. Examples...
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...| Assignment 3: The Impact of Business Environment on Organisations | For the attention of: Tracey baker | In this report I will talk how two businesses operate and function in two different economies. The report will also include a detailed outline on how political, legal, social factors affect both businesses in two economies. The two organisations may face challenges in the future and how political, legal and social factors may impact an organisation. P5 Tesco (UK) What is an economy? An economy is made of millions and millions of people making decisions, trading goods and services. The economy applies to everyone from individuals entities such as corporations and governments. The economy of a particular region or country is governed by its culture, law, history, and geography among other factors. There are three types of economies market economy, command economy and mixed economy. The economy is very influential on how good Tesco do in a financial year; so if there is a good economic environment the confident customers will be more willing to spend money than customers with low confidence, which means that Tesco is more likely to benefit if the customer confidence is high. Stages of high customer confidence can confidence can present opportunities for Tesco to expand or bring new products to the market. Low confidence of customer’s means that Tesco have to cut cost to maintain profits. The UK economy is currently in the growth period after coming out...
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...people, collaborating in a coordinated, structured and managed way to meet shared aims and goals. Organisations will come in all shapes and sizes, but will all have a common factor of goal orientation. “A system that coordinates people, jobs and technology and management practices to achieve a goal” Umstot (1998). A business will always be owned by someone whether it’s an individual or hundreds, with different types of ownership and objectives. Although profit may not always be the main objective, as those of charities or government run enterprises, some profit will need to be made for them to continue in business long term. The majority of organisations will aim to make a profit however small or large. There are many types of business organisations, including sole traders, partnerships, public limited companies, private limited companies, franchises and those in the public sector e.g. local authority and N.H.S. Sole Traders This is a business owned by one person, and the most common according to BIS (Department for business innovation and skills statistical release 2013), its estimated 62.6% of UK businesses are sole traders, but as there is no central register for them it is hard to establish exact numbers, a sole trader will employ one or more people, and can easily be set up compared to other types of organisations, as it is cheap to do with minimal paperwork. There are many sole traders whose purpose is to provide a service i.e. window cleaners, hairdressers and plumbers...
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...Lecture Guide is listed in its recommended teaching order, rather than in numerical order. Indicative Content: 1.1.1 Explain the business organisation as a transformation process: • Business organisations undergo a transformation process from inputs into outputs, using physical inputs plus finance and skills to produce both goods and services. • Use examples from both manufacturing and service sector organisations to illustrate the process. 1.1.2 Describe the different ways in which a business may structure its activities: • Organisational structures can be based on the functions of the organisation, its product ranges, or geographical regions. Alternatively some less hierarchical organisations may use a matrix structure, especially if the firm is project based. 1.2.1 Discuss the complexity, volatility and uniqueness of an organisation's environment: • The organisation in its environment has to face a wide range of internal and external influences which affect business activity. • The immediate or operational environment interacts with suppliers, competitors, the labour market and financial institutions. • The general or contextual environment consists of economic, political, legal, and social factors. Each functional area of the organisation may be affected. • Whilst organisations have some control over their internal environment, the external environment is more volatile (e.g. technological change), and wide ranging and this makes decision making more difficult. • The uniqueness...
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...Plagiarism Declaration I certify by my signature/printed name that this is my own work. The work has not, in whole or in part, been presented elsewhere for assessment. Where material has been used from other sources it has been properly acknowledged and referenced. If this statement is untrue I acknowledge that I will have committed an assessment offence. I also certify that I have taken a copy of this assignment, to be made available upon request, which I will retain until after the Board of Examiners has published results. Laura Powell-Odabashy Management of International Business Laura Powell-Odabashy C3245807 Mary Leung Contents Page 1. Executive Summary 4 2. Introduction 5 3. Singapore Analysis 6 4.1. Singapore Country Overview 6 4.2. Singapore PESTLE Analysis 7 4. APEC Analysis 13 5.3. APEC Regional Overview 13 5. Debenhams Analysis 16 6.4. Debenhams Company Overview 16 6.5. Debenhams SWOT Analysis 17 6. Industry Analysis 20 7.6. Industry Overview 20 7.7. Industry Analysis 22 7. FMSS/Mode of Entry Analysis and Recommendation 27 8. Conclusion 30 9. Appendices 31 10. Bibliography 36 1. Executive Summary This report aims to firstly identify a suitable company that can expand overseas into a specific country...
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...Business Environment Assignment |Qualification |Unit number - title - level | |BTEC Level 5 HND in Business |Unit 1 – Business Environment - Level 4 | |Student name |Assessor name | |Simon Varga |Susan Simei-Cunningham | | |Berlin Asong | |Internal Verifier |Alan Jeffery | |Date issued |Completion date |Submitted on | |26th January 2015 |27th March 2015 before midday | | |Assignment title |Business Environment - Shaping Your Future – A Vocational Scenario ...
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...Future Perspectives Quickening the Pace What a Slow-Growth West Demands of Brands 1 Quickening the Pace Section 1: Facts ...What’s the situation? • Storm Damage • What Happened?! • How Bad Was It? © 2011 The Futures Company. All rights reserved. 2 Storm Damage The eight days of near-doom in September 2008 struck like a lightning bolt, cleaving the market in two along an already-weakening fissure largely hidden from view until laid bare by a direct hit from the financial crisis. Across the developed world, most particularly the US, the UK and the Eurozone, decades of stagnant real wages, accumulating debt and flagging innovation had left the middle class acutely vulnerable to the financial storm that swept the globe. In the wake of the Great Recession, a sizable stratum of spent consumers has materialized where an aspirational middle used to be. Overlooked—or just ignored— during the boom preceding the global recession was clear evidence that the position of the middle class in developed markets was increasingly fragile. The New York Times reported in early 2008 that “[t]he European dream is under assault, as the wave of inflation sweeping the globe mixes with this continent’s long-stagnant wages.” A recent report from the UK-based Resolution Foundation Commission on Living Standards documents the failure of wages in developed markets since the mid-1970s to keep pace with economic growth, as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: Wages as a Percentage...
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...3.1: Explain how market structures determine the pricing and output decisions of businesses? How market structures determine the pricing and output decisions of Ollo: Firms’ pricing and output decisions depend onbarriers to entry and the behaviour of competitors.The actions of one’s competitors can easily influence the behaviour of afirm.This is proper for an oligopolistic industry whereby firms display mutual interdependence.Ollo is an oligopolistic business with Banglalion & Qubee as their major competitors.If Ollo sets a price higher than that charged by others, the company can expect to lose a lotof sales.Moreover, there are some barriers of entry Ollo must consider before expanding theirbusiness.Barriers to entry are obstacles that deter new firms from entering a market to compete withthe existing firms. They give firms a degree of market power such that decisions can bemade by existing firms without risking their market share.The most common types of barriers to entry are as follows: 1. Availability of key resources. 2. Government restrictions & legal barriers. 3. Exclusive rights & patents. 4. Initial capital cost. We must keep in mind that, the degree of barriers of entry can determine firms ‘pricing decisions. The wireless industry requires a big sum of capital and it uses mobile data network as its main resource.Ollo had to put down a lot of money just to enter this market still they must consider thefact that their competitor Banglalion...
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...Version 1 V Genera Certificate of Education (A-lev G al o vel) June 20 J 012 Econo E omics s (Spec ( cificati 21 ion 140) Unit 2 The Natio U 2: onal E Econo omy ECON N2 F al Fina Mar S eme rk Sche e Mark schemes are prepared by the Principal Examiner and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation events which all examiners participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the candidates’ responses to questions and that every examiner understands and applies it in the same correct way. As preparation for standardisation each examiner analyses a number of candidates’ scripts: alternative answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the standardisation process, examiners encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are required to refer these to the Principal Examiner. It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and expanded on the basis of candidates’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination paper. Further copies of this Mark Scheme are available...
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...Table of Contents ANWER 1 a) What type of market structure does exist in the airline industry? What are the main assumptions and characteristics of this market structure? b) Evaluate the evidence uncovered by the European Commission? c) Which form of collusion have the airlines engaged in? What are the outcomes for market prices and quantities? ANWER 2 a) What are the factors that were mainly responsible for the recovery of the UK economy? b) Examine the prospects for a stable recovery? ANWER 3 a) The benefits of trade and demonstrate the principle of comparative advantage?5 b) Whether countries are justified in protecting their domestic industries by referring to the above examples and/or providing other real-life examples. References ------------------------------------------------- Answer 1 PART 1 To give a definite answer to this question it is important to define all the characteristics of different market structures, however the very first thing to do is to define how the market of the airline sector is shared, by conducting a very small research it is easy to understand that fewer company control 50% or more of the market share, this is particularly the case when looking at isolated domestic markets, however these are not generally enough large to be consider a monopoly. On the other hand, some characteristic of the market structure of this industry falls within the...
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...INNOVATIVE MOTIVATION IN ECONOMIC CRISIS: THE FLEXIBLE BENEFITS SCHEMES BY Mai Ngoc Nguyen 1215894 An assignment submitted in partial fulfillment of the assessment for the New Advances in Business (12-13TYAABSS007-3) unit March 2013 * Contents Contents 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 LIST OF FIGURES 3 LIST OF TABLES 3 1 Introduction 4 2 Literature review 6 3 The economic crisis and the transition in methods of motivation: The need for an innovate benefits package 9 3.1 Impacts of the economic crisis on employees and employers 9 3.2 The transition in methods of motivation: The need for an innovative benefits package 12 3.3 The traditional benefits package and its motivating effectiveness 14 4 The flexible approach to benefits provision in a gloomy economy 16 4.1 Effectiveness of the flexible benefits schemes in motivation 17 4.2 Factors affecting the motivating effectiveness of the flexible benefits schemes 18 4.3 Current issues influencing the adoption of the flexible benefits schemes 20 5 Conclusion 21 APPENDIX - Changes in the British WorkForce 22 REFERENCES 23 FURTHER READING 27 * EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In recent years, in the UK, both employees and employers have to bear negative impacts from the recession, especially employees with their financial difficulties and diverse needs. It is more important than ever for motivation. However, employee motivation is getting harder and harder in the face of economic crisis. In times of gloomy...
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